{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":11,"sheets":["ReadMe","Main","MeSHMine","TermMap","Landscape","Log","Notes","Abstract","Sample_queries","CuratedLists","Pathway_queries"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":1,"external_links":0,"defined_names":10,"comments":3,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"ReadMe","index":0,"n_rows":183,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":183,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,11]]}
["Read Me"]
["Abstract Sifter v7.0",null,"You can find new versions here (scroll down):   https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/downloads or click here: ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/downloads\",\"Link to Abstract Sifter download.\")","v":"Link to Abstract Sifter download."}]
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["Microsoft"]
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["Recent enhancements:"]
["Filters and Notes work."]
["You can now select many rows and apply the same Note to all of them."]
["Notes now include tags and yes/no/maybe."]
["Blank sifter terms won't cause error."]
["Double-clicking on an article in Notes will bring user to the abstract page. "]
["09/07/2017 - Landscape page col A value changed."]
["09/07/2017 - Can select notes to send to PubMed (instead of all)."]
["09/11/2017 - Fixed formatting on Landscape"]
["10/20/2017 - Some cleanup; changed yes/no/maybe on Notes to string; No author to blanks."]
["10/23/2017 - reformatting"]
["11/2/2017 - toggle for viewing queries on Landscape"]
["11/12/2017 - Review column formatting fix; loop structure on heatmap; form renames"]
["11/14/2017 - Error control on Landscape sheet and entity query expansion"]
["04/24/2018 - Added wrap text to query on row 3, Landscape sheet"]
["04/24/2018 - Row counts on Main changed to avoid 0 in column headers"]
["04/24/2018 - Now records query counts for not-run queries (0 recs and >5000)  on Log sheet"]
["05/02/2018 - added occupational exposure to sample queries"]
["05/30/2018 check on blank sifter terms added"]
["09/20/2018 Lots of changes to the export function and AOP queries"]
["9/26/2018 On Abstract sheet, added button and fuctionality for finding like articles or finding articles citing this article"]
["09/27/2018 Send queries to landscape simplified."]
["10/17/2018  Error control on PubMed retrieval (0 out of headers from bad PubMed … like this over 300?)"]
["10/19/2018  Like this limited to 200 pmids in order to bypass error"]
["10/30/2018  Added superheading to Pathway_queries and Sample_queries sheets; colorization transfers to Landscape."]
["11/05/2018  modified formatting on Sample_queries to Landscape; "]
["11/06/2018  query run updated only if query is run to completion (2 changes); autofilter corrections on Landscape; ReadMe updates."]
["11/09/2018  set title and abstract to null before iteration"]
["11/19/2018  added a timer to slow down Landscape retrieval to come under NLM limits"]
["11/21/2018  note on ReadMe pointing to ftp site"]
["12/19/2018  Landscape page fix - select area for update counts button checked"]
["Version 3"]
["01/29/2019  Colorize PMIDs immediately when taking notes / 2"]
["02/01/2019  PubMed DOM rewrite. Added keywords and PMC flag."]
["02/05/ 2019  works fast - can't add perc notes … like not fixed"]
["02/06/2019  trim abstract AND clean up formatting on Notes sheet"]
["02/08/2019  Fixed log entries for like/citing"]
["02/08/2019  Added nowrap on authors (example 25905296) and citation to ReadMe"]
["02/12/2019 Formatting on pathway queries; font size on query boxes reduced."]
["02/21/2019  Fixed problem with pubyr like Spring 2019 and unwrap Journal title: 24943998[uid] OR 28139124[uid]"]
["02/21/2019  Started reworking pathway_queries to have KE by number when possible"]
["03/06/2019  Pathway queries send col A and B to landscape, not C."]
["07/08/2019  Landscape sheet - no error msg if blank chem/subject cells selected"]
["07/08/2019  Pathway and Sample queries - send only selected AND visible rows to Landscape"]
["08/19/2019  Fixed problem with copy to clipboard from Notes sheet"]
["09/05/2019  Enhanced some sample_queries"]
["Version 4"]
["09/12/2019  Allows appending on Main sheet"]
["09/19/2019  Buttons on Main sheet changed.  More things button now has delete dups and highlight noted"]
["09/19/2019  From Landscape appending allowed.  Volume, issue, pages, doi, pubtype added to Main and Notes."]
["10/11/2019  Working on RIS export"]
["10/14/2019  Txt exporting "]
["10/18/2019  Added initials to author names; modified RIS export and export form; some reformatting of Notes/Abstract sheets"]
["11/01/2019  Added error control to Log sheet and Notes sheet"]
["11/05/2019  Fixed changes from 11/01 that were wrong, including Notes from Abstract sheet. Took title term out of Title/abstract and capitalized Abstract."]
["11/05/2019  Added append option to Get Like "]
["11/06/2019  Added scroll bar to curation form"]
["11/07/2019  Fixed pmid hyperlink on Notes coming from Abstract; Landscape Col A - unhidden"]
["11/08/2019  PMID colorization on notes from Abstract fixed"]
["11/25/2019  Fixed pmid hyperlink on Notes when inserting from Abstract sheet"]
["02/2020  More improvements to curation form"]
["03/06/2020  Encoding ampersands in queries"]
["03/13/2020   Fixed eutil/http problem giving error \"The download of the specified resource has failed.\"  Hyperlinks to PubMed still do not work."]
["Version 5"]
["needs some fixes"]
["04/23/2020  PMID link on Curate form fixed; working on pdf column and curation change for pdf link"]
["06/03/2020  Fixes: export to text "]
["06/12/2020  wait on pmid counts extended; encoding of ampersands and quotation marks added"]
["07/10/2020  PubMed xml call error check and redo"]
["07/10/2020  CuratedLists code - activesheet "]
["Version 5.5"]
["08/2020  Speed improvements"]
["08/2020  Cancel button added"]
["08/2020  Curate form - new copy feature and pdf attach"]
["08/2020  Notes functionality improved; attach pdf"]
["08/2020  Trim added to Landscape query entity only; tab on notes form modified"]
["09/2020  Changes to source check on Log"]
["09/28/2020 Row number consistency improved"]
["10/01/2020  If no good, bad, maybe style, then added"]
["10/08/2020  Styles eliminated. Old notes code removed."]
["10/19/2020  Error control if trying to open blank pdf"]
["Version 5.6"]
["12/04/2020  Adding batch run capability; PubMed module renamed"]
["12/22/2020  Added colors to Likethis; update and next option to curation form"]
["12/28/2020  Conflicting yes/no/maybe on Notes highlight option in More stuff form"]
["12/28/2020  Notetaker field added to Notes form"]
["01/27/2021  Running 0 record queries in batch … fixed"]
["Version 5.7"]
["03/31/2021  Curate form copy function output format modified"]
["03/31/2021  If Notes with conflicting yes/no/maybe then colorize purple"]
["04/09/2021  Next/previous buttons on Abstract sheet"]
["Version 6.0"]
["05/15/2021 TermMap added"]
["05/18/2021  Messages on Main fixed"]
["06/01/2021  Adjustments made to Term Mapping (lcase and TX appended on double-click)"]
["06/2021  fixed RIS export of keywords"]
["07/07/2021  Backed out MeSH extract; added copy to Main from Notes More Stuff"]
["07/08/2021  Fixed colorization of mapped terms on Abstract sheet; column formatting changed for batch"]
["07/20/2021  Corrected More Things form (removed MeSH extract)"]
["Version 6.1"]
["07/21/2021  TermMapping form - asking to continue"]
["08/09/2021  Added PMC link to PubTator"]
["08/19/2021  Fixed next/previous and TermMap color"]
["08/23/2021  Added wait to pubmed query "]
["08/26/2021  Application wait added to batch run; fixed batch with queries returning 0"]
["08/26/2021  Mapping changed for no terms to map"]
["09/23/2021  Cleared batchtag variable when batch done"]
["09/24/2021  Wraptext = false on rows"]
["Version 6.2"]
["10/08/2021  Send to Log - parentheses added correctly"]
["11/03/2021   ReadMe modified"]
["11/04/2021  Fixed problems with term mapping: double-click and floating values"]
["12/08/2021  Added parentheses to Landscape Update article counts"]
["12/15/2021  Colorized titles get copied from Notes to Main"]
["01/12/2022  Send queries to landscape works from any sheet; send notes to main keeps title color only if colored"]
["Version 7.0"]
["1/25/2022 Several new lines of development merged: MeSHMine and cdd utilities"]
["1/26/2022 Rewrote data curation module"]
["1/31/2022  Showalldata added to TermMap and MeSHMine double-click action"]
["02/01/2022 Fixed showalldata to be conditional"]
["02/08/2022  Added new data curation options (move 2); modified | on MeSH"]
["02/16/2022  MeSHMine deletions of family terms faster by sorting first; fixed extra spaces"]
["02/28/2022  Fixed MeSH chemical cutting off"]
["03/07/2022  Send to CuratedLists on MeSHMine"]
["03/08/2022  MeSHMine regex remove + and move re.pattern down before call"]
["03/15/2022  New function getMappedtoviaMeSH"]
["03/22/2022  Curate form adjusted; font size control added"]
["03/23/2022  Landscape formatting / font from Samplequeries /check if notes / sort Notes module changed / copy notes to main with colors/ new column order on Notes; review flag added"]
["03/23/2022  Added archive Main functionality"]
["03/24/2022  Fixed data curation sheet if exists and if hidden; added if exists / hidden check to MeSHMine"]
["4/13/2022 Added new Term mapping with boosting and clowder retrieval "]
["4/19/2022  Added cancel option to term mapping; notes to main pages fix"]
["4/26/2022  Term map clear fixed; clear filtering on main with double-click on term mapping"]
["4/28/2022  T to A on font sizing in Notes curation; On Landscape, null query on row 3 allowed."]
["5/6/2022   Term mapping: fixes to append; delete rows instead of clear rows; double-click fixed; screen updating control on abstract view for speed"]
["5/23/2022  On Main, must select citation rows in order to click on group notes"]
["06/16/2022  Fixed pdf link problem on curation sheet / added formatting for curation sheet"]
["11/25/2022  Fixes for new PubMed / eutils "]

{"sheet":"Main","index":1,"n_rows":488,"n_cols":19,"rows_kept":488,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,1,1,3]]}
["Abstract Sifter",null,null,null,null,null,"PubMed query run: (Permethrin) AND ((reproduction AND (toxicity OR abnormal OR adverse effects)))",null,null,"Provided by the US EPA's Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure"]
["Version 7","Your sifter terms and frequency counts"]
["PMID","term1","term2","term3","Score","Pub Yr","Title","Review","PMC","Authors","Journal","tiab","DOI","Volume","Issue","Pages","Pub Type","Batch Tag","MeSH"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36280156\",\"36280156\")","v":"36280156"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L4) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L4),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L4) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L4),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L4) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L4),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B4:D4)","v":0},2022,"Induction of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene through the JAK-STAT and NOTCH signaling pathways.",0,0,"Zong Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Ou Z, Chen J, Zhang H, Liu C","Chemico-biological interactions","Induction of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene through the JAK-STAT and NOTCH signaling pathways.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) is the primary molecular metabolite of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a pesticide used to control the spread of dengue and Zika viruses, and can be detected in the majority of human blood samples. However, whether p,p'-DDE affects embryonic cardiac development remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the cardiotoxicity of p,p'-DDE and its potential mechanisms of action in zebrafish embryos. We demonstrated for the first time that zebrafish embryos exposed to p,p'-DDE exhibited cardiac development abnormalities, including morphological and functional abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, thinning of the ventricular wall, reduced erythrocyte intensity, and increased heart rate. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of differentially expressed genes and qRT-PCR showed that JAK-STAT-related genes (il17d, socs3a, and bcl2b) and Notch-related genes (notch1a, notch1b, bmp10, efnb2a, tbx2b, and tbx5a) were altered after p,p'-DDE treatment, leading to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and irregular formation of ventricular and abnormal atrioventricular junctions. These results were verified using acridine orange staining, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays, and whole-mount in situ hybridization. Our research suggests that p,p'-DDE affects cardiac development in zebrafish embryos and that its cardiotoxicity may be associated with the JAK-STAT and Notch signaling pathways. Our findings may provide the basis for future population-based cohort studies.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: DDT|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|ethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Cardiotoxicity/majr | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Signal Transduction/majr | Zebrafish/metabolism Other:Cardiotoxicity | Danio rerio | JAK-STAT | Notch | p,p’-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110226\",\"10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110226\")","v":"10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110226"},"368","","110226","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003634:DDT|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C036216:ethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36194343\",\"36194343\")","v":"36194343"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Temporal decline of sperm concentration: role of endocrine disruptors.",1,0,"Cannarella R, Gül M, Rambhatla A, Agarwal A","Endocrine","Temporal decline of sperm concentration: role of endocrine disruptors.    ABSTRACT:  Male infertility is a widespread disease with an etiology that is not always clear. A number of studies have reported a decrease in sperm production in the last forty years. Although the reasons are still undefined, the change in environmental conditions and the higher exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl esters, dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene, pesticides, and herbicides, organophosphates, and heavy metals, starting from prenatal life may represent a possible factor justifying the temporal decline in sperm count.The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of the effects of the exposure to EDCs on testicular development, spermatogenesis, the prevalence of malformations of the male genital tract (cryptorchidism, testicular dysgenesis, and hypospadias), testicular tumor, and the mechanisms of testicular EDC-mediated damage.Animal studies confirm the deleterious impact of EDCs on the male reproductive apparatus. EDCs can compromise male fertility by binding to hormone receptors, dysregulating the expression of receptors, disrupting steroidogenesis and hormonal metabolism, and altering the epigenetic mechanisms. In humans, exposure to EDCs has been associated with poor semen quality, increased sperm DNA fragmentation, increased gonadotropin levels, a slightly increased risk of structural abnormalities of the genital apparatus, such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias, and development of testicular tumor. Finally, maternal exposure to EDCs seems to predispose to the risk of developing testicular tumors.EDCs negatively impact the testicular function, as suggested by evidence in both experimental animals and humans. A prenatal and postnatal increase to EDC exposure compared to the past may likely represent one of the factors leading to the temporal decline in sperm counts.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.  KEYWORDS:  Other:Decline | Endocrine disruptors | Sperm concentration | Spermatogenesis |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-022-03136-2\",\"10.1007/s12020-022-03136-2\")","v":"10.1007/s12020-022-03136-2"},"","","","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35802995\",\"35802995\")","v":"35802995"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Is gestational diabetes mellitus associated with developmental defects of enamel in children? A systematic review with meta-analysis.",1,0,"Tolomeu JSO, Soares MEC, Mourão PS, Ramos-Jorge ML","Archives of oral biology","Is gestational diabetes mellitus associated with developmental defects of enamel in children? A systematic review with meta-analysis.    ABSTRACT:  The present systematic review aimed to verify the association between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) in children. Design A systematic search was conducted in four databases and the grey literature. The risk of bias of the studies was analyzed with the aid of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A quantitative synthesis was performed through meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence was assessed for each result using the Grading of Recommendations: Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Thirteen studies (seven cross-sectional, two cohort and four case-control studies) were included in the qualitative analysis and eleven were included in the meta-analyses. Meta-analyses were conducted considering general DDE (regardless of the type of defect), hypoplasia, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized primary second molars (HPSM). Subgroups based on the type of dentition were also analyzed. Children of mothers who had GDM presented a greater likelihood of general DDE (OR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.66-4.44), MIH (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 1.20-8.25) and hypoplasia (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.36-3.46). No association was found between HPSM and GDM (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.17-2.20). An association was found between GDM and DDE in the permanent dentition. Therefore, children whose mothers had GDM were more likely to present DDE compared to those whose mothers did not have this metabolic disorder.The results should be interpreted with caution due to the low evidence of the primary studies.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Child | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dental Enamel | Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/majr | Diabetes, Gestational/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Female | Humans | Pregnancy | Prevalence Other:Child | Developmental Defects of Enamel | Gestational Diabetes | Systematic Review |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105488\",\"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105488\")","v":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105488"},"141","","105488","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35798156\",\"35798156\")","v":"35798156"},0,0,0,0,2022,"In-utero exposure to DDT and pyrethroids and child behavioral and emotional problems at 2 years of age in the VHEMBE cohort, South Africa.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC9520228\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"An S, Rauch SA, Maphula A, Obida M, Kogut K, Bornman R, Chevrier J, Eskenazi B","Chemosphere","In-utero exposure to DDT and pyrethroids and child behavioral and emotional problems at 2 years of age in the VHEMBE cohort, South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  Half the world's population is at risk for malaria. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides has been effective in controlling malaria, yet the potential neurotoxicity of these insecticides is of concern, particularly for infants exposed in utero.To determine the association of prenatal exposure to DDT/DDE and pyrethroid insecticides and behavioral/emotional problems in two-year-old children.The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort in South Africa, measured concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in maternal serum and pyrethroid metabolites (cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-PBA) in maternal urine collected during pregnancy. At 2 years, 683 mothers were interviewed about their children's behavior and emotional development, using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We examined associations between behavioral or emotional problems and biomarkers of prenatal insecticide exposure.Maternal serum p,p'-DDT concentrations were associated with heightened withdrawn behavior in 2-year olds, with a 0.24 increase in raw scores (95%CI = 0.00, 0.49) and a 12% increase (95%CI = 1.01, 1.23) in risk of being at or above the borderline-clinical level, per 10-fold increase in concentrations. Ten-fold increases in p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were related to 30% (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.01, 1.67) and 39% (RR = 1.39; 95%CI =1.01, 1.91) higher risks, respectively, for increased oppositional-defiant behavior. p,p'-DDE concentrations were also related to increased risk of ADHD-related problems (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 0.98, 1.72). Maternal urinary concentrations of cis-DBCA and 3-PBA were associated with increased risk of externalizing behaviors (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.05, 1.62; RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.03, 1.78 per 10-fold increase, respectively), with some evidence of an association between cis-DBCA and affective disorders (RR = 1.25; 95%CI = 0.99, 1.56). Some associations with maternal pyrethroid concentrations were stronger in girls than boys.Prenatal exposure to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides may be associated with maternally-reported behavioral problems in two-year-old children. Given their long history and continued use, further investigation is warranted.Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Child | Child, Preschool | DDT/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Female | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Malaria/majr | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Mothers | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | South Africa/epidemiology Other:Behavior | Birth cohort | DDT | Insecticides | Pyrethroids | South Africa |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135569\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135569\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135569"},"306","","135569","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35798100\",\"35798100\")","v":"35798100"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Maternal exposure to DDT, DDE, and pyrethroid insecticides for malaria vector control and hypospadias in the VHEMBE birth cohort study, Limpopo, South Africa.",0,0,"Bornman R, Acerini CL, Chevrier J, Rauch S, Crause M, Obida M, Eskenazi B","The Science of the total environment","Maternal exposure to DDT, DDE, and pyrethroid insecticides for malaria vector control and hypospadias in the VHEMBE birth cohort study, Limpopo, South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  Hypospadias is the ectopic opening of the urethra on the penis or scrotum. Exposure to estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic chemicals in utero may play an etiologic role. DDT and the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin, are used to control malaria. DDT is estrogenic and its breakdown product DDE is anti-androgenic; cypermethrin and deltamethrin can also disrupt androgen pathways. We examined the relationship between maternal exposure to these insecticides during pregnancy and hypospadias among boys participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) in Limpopo Province, South Africa. We measured peripartum levels of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in maternal serum and urinary pyrethroid metabolites. We conducted urogenital examination on 359 one-year-old boys. A total of 291 (81.0 %) had phimosis, which prevented full urogenital examination, leaving a final sample of 68 boys for determination of the presence of hypospadias. Diagnosis was based on concordance of two independent physicians. We identified hypospadias in 23 of the 68 boys (34 %). Maternal urinary concentrations of cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA metabolites of cypermethrin and other pyrethroids, were associated with an increased risk for hypospadias, but the other metabolite 3-PBA was not (adjusted relative risk per 10-fold increase = 1.58, 95 % CI 1.07-2.34; 1.61, 95 % CI 1.09-2.36; and 1.48, 95 % CI 0.78-2.78, respectively). No associations were found between p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, 3-PBA or cis-DBCA and hypospadias. We observed a high prevalence of hypospadias among boys without phymosis. Boys with higher prenatal exposure to pyrethroid insecticides were at higher risk of hypospadias. Our findings may have global implications given that pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for malaria control, in agriculture and for home use.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Anopheles/majr | Birth Cohort | Cohort Studies | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Female | Humans | Hypospadias/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Infant | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Malaria/majr/epidemiology | Male | Maternal Exposure | Mosquito Vectors | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | South Africa/epidemiology Other:DDT | Hypospadias | Insecticides | Pyrethroid | South Africa | Urogenital |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157084\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157084\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157084"},"845","","157084","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35780881\",\"35780881\")","v":"35780881"},0,0,0,0,2022,"A multipollutant low-grade exposure regulates the expression of miR-30b, Let-7a and miR-223 in maternal sera: Evidence from the NEHO cohort.",0,0,"Longo V, Drago G, Longo A, Ruggieri S, Sprovieri M, Cibella F, Colombo P","The Science of the total environment","A multipollutant low-grade exposure regulates the expression of miR-30b, Let-7a and miR-223 in maternal sera: Evidence from the NEHO cohort.    ABSTRACT:  There is growing evidence that environmental pollutants can induce epigenetic modifications altering the balance of miRNAs and inducing the onset of pathological conditions in animals. In this study, we measured the serum concentration of a suite of inorganic and organic pollutants (Cu, Zn, Se, Hg, HCB, p,p'-DDE, PCBs) and their association to serum miR-30b, miR-223 and Let-7a microRNA expression in 68 healthy pregnant women from the NEHO birth cohort sited in a highly industrialized area. The effects of the pollutants on the modulation of circulating miRNAs' expression were first investigated using linear continuous regression models with a single-compound approach showing that miR-223 expression was significantly associated with serum concentration of Se and Zn (pSe = 0.0336; pZn = 0.0225) and miR-30b was associated with Hg levels (pHg = 0.019). Furthermore, when contaminants were categorized into tertiles, miR-223 and miR-30b showed a positive association with higher tertiles of Zn, p,p'-DDE (pZn = 0.023; pDDE = 0.041) and Hg (pHg = 0.008), respectively. Moreover, Let-7a expression was exclusively influenced by medium tertiles levels of Se (low vs medium tertiles, p = 0.001). Simultaneous exposure to multi-pollutant mixture was approached by WQS regression model. Statistical analysis shows a driving effect of Zn, Se, Cu, Hg and HCB on significant increased expression of Let-7a (p = 0.045). Mercury and Se significantly amplified the expression for miR-30b (p = 0.038). Differently, the combined effect of p,p'-DDE, Zn and Se decreased miR-223 expression (p = 0.0001). The documented modified expression of circulating miRNAs in the serum of pregnant women, exposed to low-medium dose contaminants mixtures offers innovative early-warning approaches to human health risk assessment.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|MIRN223 microRNA, human|MIRN30a microRNA, human|MicroRNAs|mirnlet7 microRNA, human|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Copper|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury|Selenium|Zinc MeSH:  | Copper/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Hexachlorobenzene | Humans | Maternal Exposure/majr | Mercury/toxicity | MicroRNAs/majr/genetics | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Pregnancy | Selenium/toxicity | Zinc/toxicity Other:Biomonitoring | Birth cohort | Essential elements | MicroRNA | Serum |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157051\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157051\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157051"},"844","","157051","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|C525067:MIRN223 microRNA, human|C000718199:MIRN30a microRNA, human|D035683:MicroRNAs|C487931:mirnlet7 microRNA, human|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D003300:Copper|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|D012643:Selenium|D015032:Zinc|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35550812\",\"35550812\")","v":"35550812"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Exposure to DDT and DDE and functional neuroimaging in adolescents from the CHAMACOS cohort.",0,0,"Binter AC, Mora AM, Baker JM, Bruno JL, Kogut K, Rauch S, Reiss AL, Eskenazi B, Sagiv SK","Environmental research","Exposure to DDT and DDE and functional neuroimaging in adolescents from the CHAMACOS cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to p,p'-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) is associated with poorer cognitive function in children and adolescents, but the neural mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.We investigated associations of prenatal and childhood exposure to p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with cortical activation in adolescents using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).We administered fNIRS to 95 adolescents from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) aged 15-17 years. We assessed cortical activity in the frontal, temporal, and parietal brain regions while participants completed tasks of executive function, language comprehension, and social cognition. We measured serum p,p'-DDT and -DDE concentrations at age 9 years and then estimated exposure-outcome associations using linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. In secondary analyses, we back-extrapolated prenatal concentrations using prediction models and examined their association with cortical activation.Median (P25-P75) p,p'-DDT and -DDE concentrations in childhood were 1.4 (1-2.3) and 141.5 (75.0-281.3) ng/g lipid, respectively. We found that childhood exposure to p,p'-DDT and -DDE was associated with altered patterns of brain activation during tasks of cognition and executive functions. For example, we observed increased activity in the left frontal lobe during a language comprehension task (β per 10 ng/g lipid increase of serum p,p'-DDE at age 9 years = 3.4; 95% CI: 0.0, 6.9 in the left inferior frontal lobe; and β = 4.2; 95% CI: 0.9, 7.5 in the left superior frontal lobe). We found no sex differences in the associations of childhood p,p'-DDT and -DDE concentrations with neural activity. Associations between prenatal p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE concentrations and brain activity were similar to those observed for child p,p'-DDT and -DDE concentrations.Childhood p,p'-DDT and -DDE exposure may impact cortical brain activation, which could be an underlying mechanism for its previously reported associations with poorer cognitive function.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Lipids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Child | Cohort Studies | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Functional Neuroimaging | Humans | Lipids | Pregnancy Other:Cohort studies | Neuroimaging | Pesticide exposure |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113461\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2022.113461\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2022.113461"},"212","Pt C","113461","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D008055:Lipids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35394964\",\"35394964\")","v":"35394964"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Prenatal Exposure to Insecticides and Weight Trajectories Among South African Children in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC9156531\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Kim J, Yang S, Moodie EEM, Obida M, Bornman R, Eskenazi B, Chevrier J","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","Prenatal Exposure to Insecticides and Weight Trajectories Among South African Children in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) or pyrethroid insecticides are sprayed inside dwellings for malaria vector control, resulting in high exposure to millions of people, including pregnant women. These chemicals disrupt endocrine function and may affect child growth. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated the potential impact of prenatal exposure to DDT or pyrethroids on growth trajectories.We investigated associations between gestational insecticide exposure and child growth trajectories in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment, a birth cohort of 751 children born between 2012 and 2013 in South Africa. Based on child weight measured at follow-up and abstracted from medical records, we modeled weight trajectories from birth to 5 years using SuperImposition, Translation and Rotation, which estimated two child-specific parameters: size (average weight) and tempo (age at peak weight velocity). We estimated associations between peripartum maternal concentrations of serum DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, or urinary pyrethroid metabolites and SuperImposition, Translation and Rotation parameters using marginal structural models.We observed that a 10-fold increase in maternal concentrations of the pyrethroid metabolite trans-3-(2,2,-dicholorvinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid was associated with a 21g (95% confidence interval = -40, -1.6) smaller size among boys but found no association among girls (Pinteraction = 0.07). Estimates suggested that pyrethroids may be associated with earlier tempo but were imprecise. We observed no association with serum DDT or dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene.Inverse associations between pyrethroids and weight trajectory parameters among boys are consistent with hypothesized disruption of androgen pathways and with our previous research in this population, and support the endocrine-disrupting potential of pyrethroids in humans.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Anopheles/majr | Birth Cohort | Birth Weight | Body-Weight Trajectory/majr | DDT | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Female | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr | Malaria/majr | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Mosquito Vectors | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology | Pyrethrins/majr | South Africa/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001487\",\"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001487\")","v":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001487"},"33","4","505-513","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35318010\",\"35318010\")","v":"35318010"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Maternal serum persistent organic pollutant exposure and offspring diagnosed ADHD in a national birth cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC9232966\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Cheslack-Postava K, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Surcel HM, Vivio N, Falabella G, McKeague IW, Sourander A, Brown AS","Environmental research","Maternal serum persistent organic pollutant exposure and offspring diagnosed ADHD in a national birth cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Evidence implicates environmental factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk. Prenatal exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the pesticide metabolite p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) have been linked to lower cognitive ability, increased impulsivity, and attention related deficits in the offspring. However, information on the relationship of these exposures to the risk of clinically diagnosed ADHD is limited.To determine whether prenatal maternal levels of PCBs or DDE are associated with ADHD diagnosis in the offspring.The investigation was conducted in the Finnish Prenatal Study of ADHD (FIPS-ADHD), a case-control study nested in a national birth cohort. Cases were born in 1998 or 1999 and diagnosed with ADHD (ICD-9 314x or ICD-10 F90. x) according to the national Care Register for Health Care. Each case was individually matched to a control on sex, date, and place of birth. PCB congeners (PCB 74, 99, 118, 138, 153, 156, 170, 180, 183, 187) and DDE were quantified from archived prenatal maternal sera from 359 matched case-control pairs using gas chromatography - high triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Maternal total PCBs were quantified as the sum of concentrations of the measured congeners. Associations with ADHD were examined using conditional logistic regression.Maternal PCB or DDE levels greater than the 75th percentiles of the control distributions showed no evidence of association with offspring ADHD (PCBs: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.63, 1.60), p = 0.98; DDE: aOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.71, 1.81; p = 0.60). Maternal levels of either pollutant dichotomized at the 90th percentile or considered as a continuous variable also did not show evidence for association with offspring ADHD diagnosis.This study did not find evidence for association of maternal prenatal levels of PCBs or DDE with clinical diagnosis of offspring ADHD; however, this does not rule out the possibility of an impact on subclinical phenotypes.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Birth Cohort | Case-Control Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Persistent Organic Pollutants | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Young Adult Other:ADHD | Organochlorines | Persistent organic pollutants | Prenatal |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113145\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2022.113145\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2022.113145"},"212","Pt A","113145","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35314163\",\"35314163\")","v":"35314163"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Pilot study on the concentrations of organochlorine compounds and potentially toxic elements in pregnant women and local food items from the Finnish Lapland.",0,0,"Abass K, Unguryanu T, Junqué E, Mazej D, Tratnik JS, Horvat M, Grimalt JO, Myllynen P, Rautio A","Environmental research","Pilot study on the concentrations of organochlorine compounds and potentially toxic elements in pregnant women and local food items from the Finnish Lapland.    ABSTRACT:  In the Arctic, main sources of persistent organic pollutants and potentially toxic elements are industry and agriculture in the lower latitudes. However, there are also local sources of pollution. Our study was focused on possible pollution in the Finnish Lapland, transferred from the Pechenganikel industrial complex located in the borders of Russia, Finland and Norway. Local food items and blood samples of pregnant women from the Inari municipality were collected and organochlorine compounds (OCs) and metal(oid)s analyzed. Most of the examined food samples showed detectable levels of these compounds. The mean concentrations of DDTs and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) were higher in fish (0.18-0.32 ng/g and 0.34-0.64 ng/g, respectively), than in the other food groups (0.027-0.047 ng/g and 0.11-0.20 ng/g, respectively). PCBs were found at the highest concentrations in blood samples of the pregnant women, and congeners 153 and 118 were dominant. The mean concentration of PCB153, 0.29 μg/kg serum lipid, was lower than those described in many other studies. Concerning DDTs, the 4,4'-DDT/4,4'-DDE ratio, 0.092, in the blood samples was lower than that observed in the food items, 0.25-0.71, reflecting old uses of the DDT pesticide. None of the observed levels of selected potentially toxic elements in blood samples and in food items exceeded the known safe limits. Higher concentrations of PCB52 and γ-HCH were observed in the serum of pregnant women who consumed greater amounts of meat, and berries and mushrooms, respectively. The OC concentrations from the pregnant women currently studied were lower than those observed fourteen years ago with pregnant women from the same municipality. Compounds whose occurrence is likely related to a long-distance transport showed clear decreases, e.g., 63% for PCBs, and for those from pesticides, decreases were 93% and 97% for 4,4'-DDE and β-HCH, respectively. No obvious influence from the Pechenganikel complex is observed from the results.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Finland | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr | Pesticides/majr/analysis | Pilot Projects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr | Pregnancy | Pregnant Women Other:Arctic areas | Maternal exposure | Organochlorine compounds | Organochlorine pesticides | Polychlorobiphenyls | Potentially toxic elements |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113122\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2022.113122\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2022.113122"},"211","","113122","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35307419\",\"35307419\")","v":"35307419"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Exposure patterns, chemical structural signatures, and health risks of pesticides in breast milk: A multicenter study in China.",0,0,"Dong Y, Yin S, Zhang J, Guo F, Aamir M, Liu S, Liu K, Liu W","The Science of the total environment","Exposure patterns, chemical structural signatures, and health risks of pesticides in breast milk: A multicenter study in China.    ABSTRACT:  China is the world's largest pesticide user. These chemicals are bioaccumulative in the human body, and eventually could be transferred from the mother to the fetus/infant via placental and breastfeeding transport, which might pose developmental deficiency risks. In this study, human biomonitoring of legacy pesticides was conducted in three Chinese cities using 60 breast milk samples. The patterns, chemical structural signatures, and the estimated daily intake of pesticides were assessed. The median concentration of HCB (57.8 ng g-1 lw, Interquartile range: 28.5-76.9 ng g-1 lw) was the highest among all pesticides, whereas the HCHs, DDXs, TCVP, and heptachlor were also detected. A significantly different pattern of pesticides was found among three sampling cities: the Mianyang cases were mostly DDXs oriented while the Wuhan and Hangzhou cases were under HCB, HCHs, TCVP, and heptachlor influences. Maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI were found to be the influencing factors for the pesticides in the breast milk, and dietary preferences were an important factor in the exposure scenario. Chemical structural signatures indicated that for HCHs and DDXs the exposure was mostly historical, while the lindane and dicofol exposure may exist among the volunteering mothers. The EF for chiral pesticides did not deviate significantly from the racemic value. The risk from breastfeeding was negligible according to the Chinese and UN standard, while some cases from Hangzhou and Wuhan exceeded the Canadian restrictions. Thus, the adverse health effects of chemical exposure by dietary intake for infants need to be closely monitored in future studies.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Heptachlor MeSH:  | Canada | China | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Heptachlor/analysis | Hexachlorobenzene/analysis | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis | Infant | Milk, Human/chemistry | Pesticides/majr/analysis | Placenta/chemistry | Pregnancy Other:Breast milk | Breastfeeding | Chemical structural signature | Dietary intake | Pesticides |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154617\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154617\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154617"},"830","","154617","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D006533:Heptachlor|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35016863\",\"35016863\")","v":"35016863"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organochlorines and metals and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC8917058\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Rokoff LB, Shoaff JR, Coull BA, Enlow MB, Bellinger DC, Korrick SA","Environmental research","Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organochlorines and metals and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence.    ABSTRACT:  Although prenatal chemical exposures influence neurobehavior, joint exposures are not well explored as risk factors for internalizing disorders through adolescence.To evaluate associations of prenatal organochlorine and metal exposures, considered individually and as a mixture, with mid-childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms.Participants were 468 children from a prospective cohort recruited at birth (1993-1998) in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Organochlorines (hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyls) and metals (lead, manganese) were analyzed in cord blood. Internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive, somatic) were assessed via multiple informants on the Conners' Rating Scale (CRS) at 8-years and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) at 15-years; higher T-scores indicate greater symptoms. Overall and sex-specific covariate-adjusted associations were evaluated using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) and five-chemical linear regression models.The cohort was socioeconomically diverse (35% household income <$20,000; 55% maternal ≤ high school education at birth). Most chemical concentrations were consistent with background levels [e.g., median (range) cord blood lead: 1.1 (0-9.4) μg/dL]. BKMR suggested linear associations and no interactions between chemicals. The overall mixture was positively associated with Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and BASC-2 Self Report of Personality (SRP) anxiety and depressive symptoms, and negatively with somatic symptoms. Prenatal lead was positively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms [1.56 (95% CI: 0.50, 2.61) BASC-2 SRP Anxiety score increase per doubling lead]. For CRPS and BASC-2 SRP, a doubling of cord blood manganese was positively associated with internalizing symptoms for girls [e.g., 3.26 (95% CI: 0.27, 6.25) BASC-2 SRP Depression score increase], but not boys. Organochlorine exposures were not adversely associated with internalizing symptoms.Low-level prenatal lead exposure was positively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms, and prenatal manganese exposure was positively associated with internalizing symptoms for girls from mid-childhood through adolescence. In utero neurotoxicant metal exposures may contribute to the emergence of anxiety and depression.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Bayes Theorem | Child | Female | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Infant, Newborn | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Prospective Studies Other:Chemical mixtures | Children's health | Internalizing symptoms | Metals | Organochlorines | Prenatal exposure |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.112701\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2022.112701\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2022.112701"},"208","","112701","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34902316\",\"34902316\")","v":"34902316"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Effects of different DDE exposure paradigms on testicular steroid hormone secretion and hepatic oxidative stress in male Long-Evans rats.",0,0,"Molina EM, Kavazis AN, Mendonça MT, Akingbemi BT","General and comparative endocrinology","Effects of different DDE exposure paradigms on testicular steroid hormone secretion and hepatic oxidative stress in male Long-Evans rats.    ABSTRACT:  Chronic exposure to low doses of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment continues to be a major health issue. Due to concerns about the effects in humans and wildlife, use of persistent organic pollutants, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is prohibited. However, their ubiquitous nature and persistence allows them to remain in the environment at low levels for decades. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is the most persistent metabolite of DDT and has been shown to cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hormonal disorders, and induce oxidative stress in many organisms. Although the effects of acute exposure to DDT and its metabolite DDE have been extensively studied, the chronic effects of sub-lethal DDE exposure at levels comparable to those found in the environment have not been well documented. Long-Evans male rats were used to determine the effect of relatively chronic and short term DDE (doses ranged from 0.001 to 100 μg/L) exposure on endocrine function and oxidative stress at different developmental time points. We found that circulating serum testosterone (T) levels were significantly decreased and T secretion in testicular explants were significantly influenced in a dose dependent manner in both pre-pubertal and pubertal male rats after DDE exposure, with pubertal rats being the most affected contrary to our original prediction. Additionally, exposure to DDE increased expression of protein oxidation indicating a possible increase in cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. This study suggests that chronic exposures to environmentally relevant levels of DDE affected testicular function and decreased T secretion with implications for reproductive capacity.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hormones|Steroids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Hormones | Male | Oxidative Stress/majr | Rats | Rats, Long-Evans | Steroids Other:Chronic exposure | DDE | Hormone secretion | Oxidative stress |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113963\",\"10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113963\")","v":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113963"},"317","","113963","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006728:Hormones|D013256:Steroids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34859763\",\"34859763\")","v":"34859763"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Sex specific associations between in utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants and allergy-related outcomes in childhood: The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort (Crete, Greece).",0,0,"Margetaki K, Alexaki M, Vittorakis E, Roumeliotaki T, Leventakou V, Bempi V, Chalkiadaki G, Kyrtopoulos SA, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Stephanou EG, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L, Vafeiadi M","Journal of developmental origins of health and disease","Sex specific associations between in utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants and allergy-related outcomes in childhood: The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort (Crete, Greece).    ABSTRACT:  Accumulating evidence suggests that in utero exposures can influence the development of the immune system. Few studies have investigated whether prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with allergy-related phenotypes in childhood, nor explored sex differences. We examined the association between prenatal exposure to POPs and offspring allergic outcomes in early and mid-childhood. We included 682 mother-child pairs from the prospective birth cohort Rhea. We measured dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 6 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in maternal first trimester serum. Parents completed the questionnaires adapted from the International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) for allergy-related phenotypes when their children were 4 and 6 years old. We used Poisson regression models to estimate Risk Ratios. Prenatal HCB was associated with increased risk for rhinoconjunctivitis at 6 years (RR (95% CI): 2.5; (1.3, 4.8) for a doubling in the exposure). Among girls, prenatal DDE was associated with increased risk for current wheeze, current asthma and current rhinoconjunctivitis at 4 years (RR (95%CI): 1.4 (0.8, 2.6), 1.6 (1.1, 2.4) and 1.8 (1.0, 3.3) and p-interaction = 0.035, 0.027 and 0.059, respectively), with increased risk for current rhinoconjunctivitis at 6 years (RR (95%CI): 1.7 (0.7, 3.8) and p-interaction = 0.028) and total PCBs were associated with increased risk for current eczema at 4 years (RR (95%CI): 2.1 (1.1, 4.2) and p-interaction = 0.028). In boys, prenatal DDE was associated with decreased risk for current wheeze and current asthma at 4 years. Our findings suggest that even low levels of exposure to POPs prenatally may affect the development of childhood allergy-related outcomes in a sex and age-specific manner.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Asthma/majr/epidemiology/etiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Female | Greece/epidemiology | Hexachlorobenzene/adverse effects | Humans | Hypersensitivity/majr/epidemiology/etiology | Male | Mother-Child Relations | Persistent Organic Pollutants | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Prospective Studies | Respiratory Sounds/etiology | Rheiformes/majr Other:DDE | HCB | PCB | allergic disease |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S2040174421000660\",\"10.1017/S2040174421000660\")","v":"10.1017/S2040174421000660"},"13","5","566-574","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34391732\",\"34391732\")","v":"34391732"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Effects of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants on neonatal Outcomes:A mother-child cohort (Shanghai, China).",0,0,"Wang SS, Lu AX, Cao LL, Ran XF, Wang YQ, Liu C, Yan CH","Environmental research","Effects of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants on neonatal Outcomes:A mother-child cohort (Shanghai, China).    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), known as common environmental pollutants, which have adverse effects on neurobehavioral development, are widely applied in industry and agriculture. However, evidence about neurodevelopmental toxicity of POPs in humans is limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to POPs and birth outcome of the newborn including birth length, weight, and head circumference. In this study, 1522 mother-child pairs were included in this study and cord blood samples were collected, which were detected to determine exposure level of 37 POPs in total. After delivery, the neonatal anthropometric indices detection (birth length, weight, and head circumference) was performed. According to the multivariate linear regression, the newborn with high detection rates (≥75 percentile) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in the umbilical cord blood were demonstrated negative relationship with birth head circumference after adjusting for confounding factors, but not related with birth length and weight. After confirming that there was a nonlinear relationship between HCB and birth head circumference based on sex stratification through the generalized additive model (GAM), further two-piecewise linear regression model was conducted to explore the saturation threshold effect between HCB and birth head circumference, which showed cord serum HCB concentration greater than 0.5 μg/L was negatively associated with birth head circumference in girls. Our study provided evidence for the adverse influence of HCB, β-HCH and p,p'-DDE exposure during pregnancy on the birth head circumference of offspring. Although HCB induced reduction of birth head circumference was found in girls, the mechanism of gender difference remained unclear. Further studies are needed to explore the effect of POPs on the growth and development of offspring based on in vivo or in vitro experimental models.Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | China/epidemiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Mother-Child Relations | Persistent Organic Pollutants | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology Other:Birth outcome | Neurodevelopment | Newborn | Persistent organic pollutants |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111767\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2021.111767\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2021.111767"},"203","","111767","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34052433\",\"34052433\")","v":"34052433"},0,0,0,0,2021,"1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) as endocrine disruptors in human and wildlife: A possible implication of mitochondria.",1,0,"Burgos-Aceves MA, Migliaccio V, Di Gregorio I, Paolella G, Lepretti M, Faggio C, Lionetti L","Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) as endocrine disruptors in human and wildlife: A possible implication of mitochondria.    ABSTRACT:  1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and its main metabolite 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) act as endocrine disruptors in humans and wildlife. Immunomodulatory functions have also been attributed to both xenobiotics. DDT was banned in the 1970s due to its toxicity, but it is still produced and used for indoor residual spraying with disease vector control purposes. Due to their persistence and lipophilic properties, DDT and DDE can bioaccumulate through the food chain, being stored in organisms' adipose depots. Their endocrine disruptor function is mediated by agonist or antagonist interaction with nuclear receptors. Present review aimed to provide an overview of how DDT and DDE exposure impacts reproductive and immune systems with estrogen-disrupting action in humans and wildlife. Studies showing DDT and DDE impact on mitochondrial function and apoptosis pathway will also be reviewed, suggesting the hypothesis of direct action on mitochondrial steroid receptors.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Receptors, Steroid|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Wild | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Humans | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Mitochondria/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Receptors, Steroid/metabolism Other:Environmental pollutants | Immune system | Mitochondria | Reproductive system | Steroid receptors |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2021.103684\",\"10.1016/j.etap.2021.103684\")","v":"10.1016/j.etap.2021.103684"},"87","","103684","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D011987:Receptors, Steroid|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33948847\",\"33948847\")","v":"33948847"},0,0,0,0,2021,"An environmental risk assessment for a DDX-contaminated agricultural area in Turkey: soil vs. plant or human vs. animal.",0,0,"Korucu MK, Elibol PS, Isleyen M","Environmental science and pollution research international","An environmental risk assessment for a DDX-contaminated agricultural area in Turkey: soil vs. plant or human vs. animal.    ABSTRACT:  This study is the first research attempt to assess the environmental risks of an agricultural area contaminated with the p,p'-DDT and its metabolites (DDX) on human and terrestrial species through exposure to soil and agricultural products, simultaneously. The study was carried out for a DDX-contaminated agricultural area in Turkey. Soil samples obtained in two different harvest applications were analyzed in terms of DDX levels. Similarly, stem, leaf, and fruit samples of an agricultural product grown on the same soils were analyzed. Using the results of these analyses, DDX intake values were calculated for 5 different human receptor groups, 4 different bird species, and 4 different mammal species, and the risk values were calculated by using a stochastic approach based on a Monte Carlo simulation. Findings indicated a substantial level of carcinogenic risk in the human receptor groups. Furthermore, a significant risk of reproductive toxicity was determined for the birds and mammals. The findings prominently showed that these risks can develop not only through exposure to DDX-contaminated soils but also through the consumption of plants grown on these soils.© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Soil|Soil Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Humans | Risk Assessment | Soil/majr | Soil Pollutants/majr/analysis | Turkey Other:Acute and reproductive toxicity | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk | Ecological risk assessment | Human health risk assessment | Pesticides |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14154-4\",\"10.1007/s11356-021-14154-4\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-021-14154-4"},"28","36","50127-50140","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D012987:Soil|D012989:Soil Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33847092\",\"33847092\")","v":"33847092"},0,0,0,0,2021,"The effect of DDE and dieldrin and their parental substances (DDT and aldrin) on PGE2 and PGF2α release from bovine endometrial explants collected during 120 to 180 days of the gestational period.",0,0,"Mlynarczuk J, Wrobel MH, Dobrzyn K","Polish journal of veterinary sciences","The effect of DDE and dieldrin and their parental substances (DDT and aldrin) on PGE2 and PGF2α release from bovine endometrial explants collected during 120 to 180 days of the gestational period.    ABSTRACT:  Dieldrin and DDE are environmental metabolites of the organochlorine pesticides aldrin and DDT, respectively. During pregnancy, these chemicals can quickly infiltrate through the placental barrier, accumulate in amniotic fluid and fetus, and act as endocrine disruptors (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DDE and dieldrin and their parental substances at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml on secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α from bovine endometrial explants (120-150 and 151-180 days of pregnancy) after 24 hr of incubation with EDs. The mRNA expression of COX2, PGES and PGFS and the concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2α were measured. EDs did not affect (p>0.05) COX2 gene expression, but DDT and DDE decreased (p⟨0.05) PGES expression and PGE2 secretion in the explants from 120-150 days of pregnancy. Depending on the dose, DDT and DDE increased (p⟨0.05) PGFS expression and PGF2α secretion from the explants from 120-150 days and decreased PGF2α secretion (p⟨0.05) from the explants from 151-180 days of pregnancy. Aldrin and dieldrin decreased (p⟨0.05) PGFS expression and PGF2α secretion from all explants. In summary, EDs disrupt the secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α by influencing the gene expression of PGES and PGFS.Copyright© by the Polish Academy of Sciences.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|RNA, Messenger|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Dinoprost|DDT|Cyclooxygenase 2|Dieldrin|Dinoprostone|Aldrin MeSH:  | Aldrin/pharmacology/toxicity | Animals | Cattle/majr/physiology | Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/metabolism | DDT/pharmacology/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/pharmacology/toxicity | Dieldrin/pharmacology/toxicity | Dinoprost/majr/genetics/metabolism | Dinoprostone/majr/genetics/metabolism | Endometrium/majr/drug effects | Female | Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity | Pregnancy | RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism | Tissue Culture Techniques/veterinary Other:cattle | endometrium | pesticides | pregnancy | prostaglandin secretion |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2020.135813\",\"10.24425/pjvs.2020.135813\")","v":"10.24425/pjvs.2020.135813"},"24","1","5-12","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D015237:Dinoprost|D003634:DDT|D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2|D004026:Dieldrin|D015232:Dinoprostone|D000452:Aldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33824444\",\"33824444\")","v":"33824444"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Persistent organic pollutants in pregnant women potentially affect child development and thyroid hormone status.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC8904258\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Krönke AA, Jurkutat A, Schlingmann M, Poulain T, Nüchter M, Hilbert A, Kiviranta H, Körner A, Vogel M, Söder O, Bornehag CG, Kiess W","Pediatric research","Persistent organic pollutants in pregnant women potentially affect child development and thyroid hormone status.    ABSTRACT:  Potentially harmful effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on prenatal development and the endocrine system have been controversially discussed.Working with a German cohort of 324 pregnant women, we assessed POP levels and used robust linear regression models to determine potential associations between maternal POP concentrations and pre- and postnatal development in the children, as well as the thyroid hormone status of the mother and child.Maternal p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and most measured PCBs positively correlated with postnatal weight gain. We detected no correlation between newborn birth weight and head circumference, respectively, and maternal PCB and p,p'-DDE serum levels, while body length at birth was negatively associated with the maternal serum concentration of PCB 183. Maternal p,p'-DDE and nearly all PCB serum levels showed a negative correlation with maternal free triiodothyronine (FT3). p,p'-DDE and PCB 74 and 118 were negatively associated with maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. In addition, we identified significant associations between maternal POP levels and thyroid hormone parameters of the child.These results indicate that POP exposure likely affects different aspects of pre- and postnatal development and impacts the thyroid hormone status of both mother and child.Pregnant women in a German cohort display a substantial accumulation of POPs. Body mass index and age influence maternal serum POP levels. Maternal POP levels show correlations with the child's length at birth and weight gain, and FT3 levels in the mother and child. Our data provide additional evidence for the potentially harmful influence of POPs. Our data indicate that POPs influence pre- and postnatal development.© 2021. The Author(s).  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Thyroid Hormones|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Child | Child Development | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Persistent Organic Pollutants | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Pregnant Women | Thyroid Hormones | Weight Gain",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01488-5\",\"10.1038/s41390-021-01488-5\")","v":"10.1038/s41390-021-01488-5"},"91","3","690-698","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D013963:Thyroid Hormones|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33794904\",\"33794904\")","v":"33794904"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Developmental exposure to DDT or DDE alters sympathetic innervation of brown adipose in adult female mice.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC8017793\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"vonderEmbse AN, Elmore SE, Jackson KB, Habecker BA, Manz KE, Pennell KD, Lein PJ, La Merrill MA","Environmental health : a global access science source","Developmental exposure to DDT or DDE alters sympathetic innervation of brown adipose in adult female mice.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to the bioaccumulative pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and obesity in humans and experimental animals. These effects appear to be mediated by reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, which is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Although the neurotoxicity of DDT is well-established, whether DDT alters sympathetic innervation of BAT is unknown. We hypothesized that perinatal exposure to DDT or DDE promotes thermogenic dysfunction by interfering with sympathetic regulation of BAT thermogenesis.Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were administered environmentally relevant concentrations of DDTs (p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT) or DDE (p,p'-DDE), 1.7 mg/kg and 1.31 mg/kg, respectively, from gestational day 11.5 to postnatal day 5 by oral gavage, and longitudinal body temperature was recorded in male and female offspring. At 4 months of age, metabolic parameters were measured in female offspring via indirect calorimetry with or without the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist, CL 316,243. Immunohistochemical and neurochemical analyses of sympathetic neurons innervating BAT were evaluated.We observed persistent thermogenic impairment in adult female, but not male, mice perinatally exposed to DDTs or p,p'-DDE. Perinatal DDTs exposure significantly impaired metabolism in adult female mice, an effect rescued by treatment with CL 316,243 immediately prior to calorimetry experiments. Neither DDTs nor p,p'-DDE significantly altered BAT morphology or the concentrations of norepinephrine and its metabolite DHPG in the BAT of DDTs-exposed mice. However, quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a 20% decrease in sympathetic axons innervating BAT in adult female mice perinatally exposed to DDTs, but not p,p'-DDE, and 48 and 43% fewer synapses in stellate ganglia of mice exposed to either DDTs or p,p'-DDE, respectively, compared to control.These data demonstrate that perinatal exposure to DDTs or p,p'-DDE impairs thermogenesis by interfering with patterns of connectivity in sympathetic circuits that regulate BAT.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adipose Tissue, Brown/majr/drug effects/innervation/metabolism | Animals | Body Temperature/drug effects | DDT/majr/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Female | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Stellate Ganglion/drug effects | Tissue Distribution Other:Brown adipose tissue | DDT | Obesogen | P,p’-DDE | Perinatal exposure | Sympathetic innervation | Synaptic connectivity | Thermogenesis |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00721-2\",\"10.1186/s12940-021-00721-2\")","v":"10.1186/s12940-021-00721-2"},"20","1","37","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33756427\",\"33756427\")","v":"33756427"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Identification of common genetic variants associated with serum concentrations of p, p'-DDE in non-occupational populations in eastern China.",0,0,"Li S, Shao W, Wang C, Wang L, Xia R, Yao S, Du M, Ji X, Chu H, Zhang Z, Wang M, Wang SL","Environment international","Identification of common genetic variants associated with serum concentrations of p, p'-DDE in non-occupational populations in eastern China.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is the major and most stable toxic metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a well-known organochlorine pesticide banned worldwide in the 1980s. However, it remains easy to detect in humans, and internal levels vary widely among individuals. In the present study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (511 subjects) and two replications (812 and 1030 subjects) were performed in non-occupational populations in eastern China. An estimated dietary intake (EDI) of p, p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE was calculated by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the determination of 195 food and 85 drinking water samples. In addition, functional verifications of susceptible loci were performed by dual-luciferase reporter, immunoblotting and metabolic activity assays in vitro. p, p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). A common loci rs3181842 (high linkage equilibrium with rs2279345) in CYP2B6 at 19p13.2 were found to be strongly associated with low serum levels of p, p'-DDE in this population in GWAS and were verified by two replications and combined analysis of 2353 subjects (P = 1.00 × 10-22). In addition, p, p'-DDE levels were significantly lower in subjects with the rs3181842 C allele than in those carrying the normal genotype, even in individuals with similar EDIs of p, p'-DDT. Furthermore, the rs3181842 C allele functionally led to low CYP2B6 expression and activity, resulting in a low metabolic capacity for the formation of p, p'-DDE from p, p'-DDT. The study highlighted that CYP2B6 variants were more relevant than environmental exposure to internal p, p'-DDE exposure, which is important information for DDT risk assessments.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | China | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Genome-Wide Association Study/majr | Humans | Tandem Mass Spectrometry Other:CYP2B6 variant | Dietary intake estimation | Genome-wide association study | Metabolic capacity | p, p′-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106507\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2021.106507\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2021.106507"},"152","","106507","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33745400\",\"33745400\")","v":"33745400"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Maternal pesticide exposure and its relation to childhood cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.",1,0,"Iqbal S, Ali S, Ali I","International journal of environmental health research","Maternal pesticide exposure and its relation to childhood cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.    ABSTRACT:  This umbrella review summarizes the available meta-analyses elucidating the effects of maternal pesticide exposure on adverse health outcomes in children particularly the risk of childhood cancer. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus with 10-years temporal restriction and with search terms of ('pesticides') and ('maternal' or 'pregnancy' or 'gestational' or 'perinatal' or 'children' or 'infants' or 'birth weight' or 'gestational age' or 'cancer' or 'tumor' or 'malignancy' or 'carcinoma') and ('meta-analysis' or 'systematic review'). Using relative risk estimates, e.g., odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), ß coefficients, and 95% confidence interval (CI) as a prerequisite for inclusion/exclusion criteria a total of 19 eligible meta-analyses were included. The results showed that maternal domestic/occupational pesticide exposure increases the risk for childhood leukaemia. The overall OR regarding the risk of pesticide exposure and leukaemia was 1.23 to 1.57 with heterogeneity I2 values that varied between 12.9% and 73%. Some studies found that exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-153) pesticides appears to decrease infant birth weight to some extent [p,p´-DDE (ß = -0.007 to -0.008)] and [PCB-153 (ß = -0.15 to -0.17)]Needing more studies on this relationship, our study found that pesticide exposure is a risk factor for leukaemia in children.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Birth Weight | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Female | Humans | Infant | Leukemia/majr | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Risk Factors Other:Pesticides | birth weight | childhood cancer | leukaemia | meta-analyses |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2021.1900550\",\"10.1080/09603123.2021.1900550\")","v":"10.1080/09603123.2021.1900550"},"32","7","1609-1627","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33387882\",\"33387882\")","v":"33387882"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Effects of organochlorine exposure on male reproductive disorders in an electronic waste area of South China.",0,0,"Lin BG, Chen CR, Chen XC, Qiao J, Yan QX, Yang P, Chen WL, Li LZ, Qiu PC, Ding C, Huang DJ, Yu YJ","Environment international","Effects of organochlorine exposure on male reproductive disorders in an electronic waste area of South China.    ABSTRACT:  Several studies suggest that organochlorine exposure can affect male reproductive functions, causing poor semen quality, endocrine disruption, or dysregulation of thyroid hormones. This study uses multiple linear regression (MLR) models to analyze the correlation between male reproductive functions and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners or p,p'-DDE levels in serum, semen, and indoor dust samples. Multiple comparisons were all adjusted using the false discovery rate (FDR). The results revealed that the PCB congener levels in seminal plasma were significantly associated with the quality parameters of human semen (i.e., sperm count, morphology, and motility) and thyroid hormones after adjusting for covariates, e.g., associations of the sperm concentration with levels of CB105 (β = -0.323, 95% CI: -0.561, -0.085, p = 0.009), CB44 (β = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.290, 0.880, p < 0.001), and CB66 (β = -0.435, 95% CI: -0.728, -0.143, p = 0.004) in the seminal plasma were observed. Correlations between serum pollutants levels and the semen quality, reproductive hormones, or thyroid hormones were also observed. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the quantification of PCBs in seminal plasma can better describe male reproductive disorders than that in serum or dust. Organochlorine exposure measured in serum or dust, especially in seminal plasma, was associated with semen quality, as well as reproductive and thyroid hormones, thus suggesting that the impacts of persistent pollutants on male reproductive health require further investigation.Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | China | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Electronic Waste/majr | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Humans | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Semen Analysis Other:PCBs | Reproduction hormone | Semen quality | Thyroid hormone | p,p'-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106318\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2020.106318\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2020.106318"},"147","","106318","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132122\",\"33132122\")","v":"33132122"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Effects of DDT, DDE, aldrin and dieldrin on prostaglandin, oxytocin and steroid hormone release from smooth chorion explants of cattle.",0,0,"Mlynarczuk J, Górska M, Wrobel MH","Animal reproduction science","Effects of DDT, DDE, aldrin and dieldrin on prostaglandin, oxytocin and steroid hormone release from smooth chorion explants of cattle.    ABSTRACT:  Chlorooganic xenobiotics (XBs) such as DDT, DDE, aldrin and dieldrin interfere with release of hormones from chorionic villi that are necessary for sustaining the normal course pregnancy: prostaglandins (PGs), oxytocin (OT), progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). Approximately 20 %-40 % of these hormones originate from the smooth chorion. The aim of current studies was to investigate effects of these XBs on synthesis and release of PGE2, PGF2α, OT, P4 and E2 from explants of smooth chorion of cattle, obtained during the120-150 and 151-180 day gestational period. Explants were incubated with DDT, DDE, aldrin or dieldrin at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/mL for 24 h, and concentrations of PGE2, PGF2α, OT, P4 and E2 in post incubation medium and the relative abundances of COX-2, PTGES, AKR1B1, NP-I/OT, PAM, HSD3B, and CYP19A1 mRNA transcripts in tissue explants were determined. The XBs did not have effects on cell viability in explants (P > 0.05), however, there were effects on prostaglandins, OT and P4 secretion and relative abundance of mRNA transcript for genes encoding the main enzymes involved in synthesis of these hormones (P < 0.05). The XBs that were evaluated did not have effects on E2 synthesis and secretion (P > 0.05). In summary, XBs evaluated in the present study had effects on the pattern of prostaglandin secretion, and can increase OT and P4 release from smooth chorion explants. Because XBs inhibit hormonal action throughout the chorion, there is an increase in risk of abortions or premature births in animals.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Insecticides|Prostaglandins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Oxytocin|DDT|Dieldrin|Aldrin MeSH:  | Aldrin/toxicity | Animals | Cattle | Chorion/majr/cytology/drug effects | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Dieldrin/toxicity | Female | Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/majr/genetics/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Oxytocin/majr/genetics/metabolism | Pregnancy | Prostaglandins/majr/genetics/metabolism | Tissue Culture Techniques Other:Cow | Estradiol | Hormones secretion | Organochlorine insecticides | Oxytocin | Progesterone | Prostaglandins | Smooth chorion |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106623\",\"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106623\")","v":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106623"},"223","","106623","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D007306:Insecticides|D011453:Prostaglandins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D010121:Oxytocin|D003634:DDT|D004026:Dieldrin|D000452:Aldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33099138\",\"33099138\")","v":"33099138"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Association between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and neurodevelopment in early life: A mother-child cohort (Shanghai, China).",0,0,"Wang S, Hu C, Lu A, Wang Y, Cao L, Wu W, Li H, Wu M, Yan C","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","Association between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and neurodevelopment in early life: A mother-child cohort (Shanghai, China).    ABSTRACT:  As common environmental pollutants, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are widely applied in industry and agriculture have adverse effects on neurodevelopment. However, evidence on the neurotoxicity of POPs in neural development of offspring is limited. This study explored the relationship between prenatal exposure to POPs and neurodevelopment of 18-month-old toddlers in a mother-child cohort in Shanghai, China. In this study, we determined exposure levels of 37 POPs in cord blood serum collected at the time of delivery. The detection rate of pollutants HCB, β-HCH, and p,p'-DDE was higher than 60%, so these will be discussed in the following analysis. From birth to approximately 18 months, we followed up infants to longitudinally explore whether POPs influenced their language, motor, and cognitive development according to a Bayley-Ⅲ assessment . Based on multivariable regression analyses, the β-HCH concentration in cord serum was negatively related to motor development scores in children at 18 months by adjusting for the covariates, but there was no change in language and cognition. Further piecewise linear regression analysis showed that a cord serum β-HCH concentration greater than 0.2 μg/L had a significantly negative correlation with the motor development scores. p,p'-DDE was positively associated with language development at 18 months before and after adjusting for covariates. But prenatal HCB levels were not associated with any of the Bayley-Ⅲ subscales at 18 months. We concluded that prenatal exposure to β-HCH might have adverse effects on infants' motor development. The minimum harmful concentration of β-HCH was estimated at 0.2 μg/L in cord serum. The unexpected positive association between p,p'-DDT and language development could be due to live birth bias.Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Child, Preschool | China/epidemiology | Cohort Studies | DDT | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Environmental Pollutants/toxicity | Female | Fetal Blood | Hexachlorocyclohexane | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/toxicity | Infant | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Mothers | Persistent Organic Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology Other:Bayley-Ⅲ | Infants | Neurodevelopment | Persistent organic pollutants |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111479\",\"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111479\")","v":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111479"},"208","","111479","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002701\",\"33002701\")","v":"33002701"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Early-life exposure to multiple persistent organic pollutants and metals and birth weight: Pooled analysis in four Flemish birth cohorts.",0,0,"Govarts E, Portengen L, Lambrechts N, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Covaci A, Nelen V, Nawrot TS, Loots I, Sioen I, Baeyens W, Morrens B, Schoeters G, Vermeulen R","Environment international","Early-life exposure to multiple persistent organic pollutants and metals and birth weight: Pooled analysis in four Flemish birth cohorts.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal chemical exposure has frequently been associated with reduced fetal growth although results have been inconsistent. Most studies associate single pollutant exposure to this health outcome, even though this does not reflect real life situations as humans are exposed to many pollutants during their life time. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent environmental chemicals and birth weight using multipollutant models.We combined exposure biomarker data measured in cord blood samples of 1579 women from four Flemish birth cohorts collected over a 10 years' time period. The common set of available and detectable exposure measures in these cohorts are three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (138, 153 and 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and the metals cadmium and lead. Multiple linear regression (MLR), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), penalized regression using minimax concave penalty (MCP) and Bayesian Adaptive Sampling (BAS) were applied to assess the influence of multiple pollutants in a single analysis on birth weight, adjusted for a priori selected covariates.In the pooled dataset, a median (P25-P75) birth weight and gestational age of 3420 (3140-3700) grams and 39 (39-40) weeks was observed respectively. The median contaminant levels in cord blood were: 15.8, 26.5, 18.0, 16.9 and 91.5 ng/g lipid for PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180, HCB and p,p'-DDE, respectively, 0.075 µg/L for cadmium and 9.7 µg/L for lead. According to the applied statistical methods for multipollutant assessment, p,p'-DDE and PCB 180 were most consistently associated with birth weight. In addition, PCB 153 was selected when applying MCP and BAS. An inverse association with birth weight was found for the PCB congeners, while an increased birth weight was observed for elevated levels of p,p'-DDE.Assessing the health risk of combinations of exposure biomarkers reflects better real-world situations and thereby allows more effective risk assessment. Our results add to the existing evidence based on detrimental effects of PCBs on birth weight and indicate a possible increase in birth weight due to p,p'-DDE (while correcting for PCBs).Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Bayes Theorem | Birth Weight | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis | Female | Humans | Persistent Organic Pollutants | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Pregnancy Other:Birth weight | Multipollutant models | Organochlorine compounds | Pooled analysis |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106149\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2020.106149\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2020.106149"},"145","","106149","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32913222\",\"32913222\")","v":"32913222"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Prenatal environmental exposures and associations with teen births.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC7943647\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"DeVille NV, Khalili R, Levy JI, Korrick SA, Vieira VM","Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","Prenatal environmental exposures and associations with teen births.    ABSTRACT:  Children's prenatal exposure to multiple environmental chemicals may contribute to subsequent deficits in impulse control, predisposing them to risk-taking.Our goal was to investigate associations between prenatal exposure mixtures and risk of teen birth, a manifestation of high-risk sexual activity, among 5865 girls (1st generation) born in southeast Massachusetts from 1992-1998.Exposures included prenatal modeled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), ρ,ρ'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). We fit adjusted generalized additive models with multivariable smooths of exposure mixtures, 1st generation infant's birth year, and maternal age at 1st generation birth. Predicted odds ratios (ORs) for teen birth were mapped as a function of joint exposures. We also conducted sensitivity analyses among 1st generation girls with measured exposure biomarkers (n = 371).The highest teen birth risk was associated with a mixture of high prenatal HCB, Hg, Pb, and PCB, but low DDE exposure, with similar associations in sensitivity analyses. The highest OR predicted for girls born in 1995 to mothers of median age (26 years) was at the 95th percentile of the HCB and PCB exposure distributions (OR = 3.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.29, 32.4). Additionally, girls born earlier in the study period or to teen mothers were at increased risk of teen birth.Prenatal environmental chemical exposures and sociodemographic characteristics may interact to substantially increase risk of teen births.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Humans | Infant | Massachusetts/epidemiology | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology Other:Environmental mixtures | Metals | Modeled exposures | Organochlorines | Prenatal exposures | Teen birth |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-020-00262-9\",\"10.1038/s41370-020-00262-9\")","v":"10.1038/s41370-020-00262-9"},"31","2","197-210","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853661\",\"32853661\")","v":"32853661"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Exposure to DDT from indoor residual spraying and biomarkers of inflammation among reproductive-aged women from South Africa.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC7658024\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Cupul-Uicab LA, Bornman R, Archer JI, Kudumu MO, Travlos GS, Wilson RE, Whitworth KW","Environmental research","Exposure to DDT from indoor residual spraying and biomarkers of inflammation among reproductive-aged women from South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  Evidence from animal studies suggests that DDT and DDE can adversely affect immuno-competence while human data are less conclusive. We aimed to assess the association of plasma concentrations of DDT and DDE with biomarkers of inflammation among reproductive-aged women residing in homes sprayed with DDT through Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS).This study included 416 women from the Study of Women and Babies, South Africa (2010-2011). DDT, DDE, and biomarkers of inflammation (immunoglobulins A, G and M, interleukins 1β, 6, and 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were quantified in plasma. Linear regression was used to assess associations of DDT and DDE with each natural log-transformed biomarker. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, parity, income, and season; beta estimates were expressed as percent differences.Compared to women with the lowest plasma concentrations of DDT and DDE, those with the highest concentrations of both compounds had higher levels IL-1β, IL6, and TNF- α. While associations were statistically significant for both DDT and DDE, the magnitude of the associations was slightly stronger for DDT. Compared to women in the lowest quintile of DDT, women in the highest quintile were estimated to have 53.0% (95%CI: 21.7%, 84.4%), 28.1% (95%CI: 6.4%, 49.8%), and 26.6% (95%CI: 12.0%, 41.1%) higher levels of IL-1β, IL6, and TNF- α, respectively.Our results suggest that increased plasma concentrations of DDT and DDE resulting from exposure to IRS may increase concentrations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers among reproductive-aged women in South Africa.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Aged | Animals | Biomarkers | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Female | Humans | Inflammation/chemically induced | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | South Africa Other:Africa | DDE | DDT indoor residual spraying | Immune biomarkers | Reproductive-aged women |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110088\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2020.110088\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2020.110088"},"191","","110088","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32738723\",\"32738723\")","v":"32738723"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Foraging behavior, contaminant exposure risk, and the stress response in wild California condors (Gymnogyps californianus).",0,0,"Glucs ZE, Smith DR, Tubbs CW, Bakker VJ, Wolstenholme R, Dudus K, Burnett LJ, Clark M, Clark M, Finkelstein ME","Environmental research","Foraging behavior, contaminant exposure risk, and the stress response in wild California condors (Gymnogyps californianus).    ABSTRACT:  Wild California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) are frequently exposed to lead via lead-based ammunition ingestion, and recent studies indicate significant exposure to organochlorines (e.g. dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) for condors feeding on beach-cast marine mammals. We investigated the influence of contaminant exposure on condor glucocorticoid response through comparisons between wild and captive populations and identification of modifiers of glucocorticoid release in wild condors. We assessed the glucocorticoid response to routine trapping and handling events through measurement of plasma corticosterone and urate glucocorticoid metabolites (GCM). Comparison of peak urate GCM levels showed wild condors exhibited higher responses to handling-associated stressors (2300 ± 1400 ng/g dry wt, average ± SD, n = 27) than captive condors (910 ± 490 ng/g dry wt., n = 6, U = 28, p = 0.003). Multiple linear regression models and an information theoretic approach (AICc) identified several extrinsic variables (e.g., time captive in flight pen before sample collection) that were negatively associated with plasma corticosterone and urate GCM levels in wild condors, which explained ~25% of glucocorticoid variation. When accounting for these extrinsic variables we found that behavioral variables associated with increased lead and organochlorine exposure risk were positively associated with GCM levels, explaining an additional 15% of glucocorticoid variation among wild condors. Days absent from management area, a variable associated with reduced survival attributed to increased lead exposure risk, had a positive influence on plasma corticosterone levels (β = 53 ± 20 SE) and peak urate GCM levels (β = 1090 ± 586 SE). Years observed feeding on marine mammals, a variable positively associated with DDE and PCB exposure, positively influenced peak urate GCM (β = 1100 ± 520 SE) and the magnitude of GCM response (peak GCM - 1st urate GCM) (β = 1050 ± 500 SE). Our findings suggest that individual propensities for contaminant-associated foraging behaviors predict higher stress-induced glucocorticoid levels in wild condors, and that accounting for variables associated with trapping and handling is essential for assessing the impact of environmental stressors such as contaminants on the condor stress response. As an abnormal glucocorticoid response to stress is associated with reduced reproduction and survival in vertebrates, this work indicates the need for further investigations into the physiological impacts of sub-lethal contaminant exposures in scavenging species worldwide.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Birds | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109905\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2020.109905\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2020.109905"},"189","","109905","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32702712\",\"32702712\")","v":"32702712"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Exposure to polychlorinated compounds and cryptorchidism; A nested case-control study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC7377911\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Axelsson J, Scott K, Dillner J, Lindh CH, Zhang H, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A","PloS one","Exposure to polychlorinated compounds and cryptorchidism; A nested case-control study.    ABSTRACT:  Maldescended testes or cryptorchidism is a genital birth defect that affects 2-9% of all male new-borns. Over the last 40 years there have been reports of increased prevalence in countries like the US, the UK and the Scandinavian countries. This possible increase has in some studies been linked to a foetal exposure to chemical pollutants. In this matched case-control study, we analysed maternal serum samples in early pregnancy for three different organochlorine compounds, to investigate whether the levels were associated with the risk of cryptorchidism.Maternal serum samples taken during the first trimester of pregnancy from 165 cases (boys born with cryptorchidism) and 165 controls, matched for birth year and maternal age, parity and smoking habits during the pregnancy, were retrieved from the Southern Sweden Maternity Biobank. The samples were analysed for 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Associations between exposure and cryptorchidism were evaluated by conditional logistic regression.We found no statistically significantly associations between exposure to these compounds and cryptorchidism, either when the exposure variables were used as a continuous variable, or when the exposure levels were divided in quartiles.We found no evidence of an association between maternal levels of PCB-153, p,p'-DDE or HCB during the pregnancy and the risk of having cryptorchidism in the sons.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Cryptorchidism/majr/blood/chemically induced/epidemiology/pathology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Hexachlorobenzene/blood/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood/toxicity | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood/chemically induced/epidemiology | Sweden/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236394\",\"10.1371/journal.pone.0236394\")","v":"10.1371/journal.pone.0236394"},"15","7","e0236394","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299029\",\"32299029\")","v":"32299029"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Associations between prenatal exposure to DDT and DDE and allergy symptoms and diagnoses in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), South Africa.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC7336873\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Huq F, Obida M, Bornman R, Di Lenardo T, Chevrier J","Environmental research","Associations between prenatal exposure to DDT and DDE and allergy symptoms and diagnoses in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide that is banned internationally except for use as part of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) programs to control malaria. Although animal studies show that DDT and its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) affect the immune system and may cause allergies, no studies have examined this question in populations where IRS is conducted. The aim of our study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to DDT and DDE is associated with allergy symptoms and diagnose among South African children living in an area where IRS is conducted. To accomplish this aim, we used data from the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), an ongoing birth cohort study of 752 children born between 2012 and 2013 in the rural Vhembe district of Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal peripartum serum concentrations of DDT and DDE, and administered a questionnaire to the caregivers of 658 children aged 3.5 years to collect information on allergy symptoms and diagnoses as well as potential confounders using validated instruments. Using multiple logistic regression models, we found positive associations between DDT and DDE serum concentrations and most of the allergy symptoms and diagnoses. Maternal DDT (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.5 per 10-fold increase, 95% Confidence interval, CI = 1.0, 2.3) and DDE (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.8, 2.4) serum concentrations were most strongly associated with caregiver report of wheezing or whistling in the chest. Concentrations of DDT and/or DDE were also associated with increased odds of children's chests sounding wheezy during or after exercise, itchy rashes coming and going for at least six months, diagnosis of food allergy, and diagnosis of dust or dust mites allergy but confidence intervals crossed the null. Results suggest that prenatal exposure to DDT, and possibly DDE, is associated with elevated odds of wheezing among children from an IRS area.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Child | Child, Preschool | Cohort Studies | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Female | Humans | Hypersensitivity/majr/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology | Infant | Insecticides/majr | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Mothers | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | South Africa/epidemiology Other:Allergies | Asthma | DDE | DDT | Indoor residual spraying | Insecticides | Wheezing |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109366\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2020.109366\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2020.109366"},"185","","109366","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569158\",\"31569158\")","v":"31569158"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Birth Characteristics: The Upstate KIDS Study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC7047652\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Bell GA, Perkins N, Buck Louis GM, Kannan K, Bell EM, Gao C, Yeung EH","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Birth Characteristics: The Upstate KIDS Study.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be associated with obesogenic effects in offspring. Our study is the first to investigate associations between concentrations of POPs from newborn dried blood spots (DBS) and birth characteristics.Concentrations of 10 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 (PBDE-47), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) were measured from DBSs collected at birth from 2,065 singleton infants. DBS samples were pooled in groups of five and assayed together to reach limits of detection. Differences in risk of large for gestational age (LGA, defined as >90th percentile of birth weight for sex and gestational age), small for gestational age (SGA, <10th), and preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) were estimated using logistic regression per unit (ng/ml) increase in concentration of each chemical, adjusting for individual-level covariates, including maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy BMI, education, parity, smoking, and infant sex while assuming a gamma distribution and using multiple imputation to account for pools.There were 215 (11.3%) singletons born LGA, 158 (7.5%) born SGA, and 157 (7.6%) born preterm. Higher concentrations of POPs were positively associated with slightly higher risk of LGA and higher birth weight.Relationships between POPs measured in newborn DBS and birth size were mixed. Pooled analysis methods using DBS could address challenges in limits of detection and costs for population-based research.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Birth Weight/majr/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dried Blood Spot Testing | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Infant, Newborn/blood | Infant, Small for Gestational Age/blood | Logistic Models | Male | Maternal Age | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Premature Birth/majr/blood/epidemiology | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001095\",\"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001095\")","v":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001095"},"30 Suppl 2","Suppl 2","S94-S100","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31499584\",\"31499584\")","v":"31499584"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Full-Life Cycle Toxicity Assessment of Sediment-Bound DDT and Its Degradation Products on Chironomus dilutus.",0,0,"Ma P, Li H, You J","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Full-Life Cycle Toxicity Assessment of Sediment-Bound DDT and Its Degradation Products on Chironomus dilutus.    ABSTRACT:  Because of its hydrophobicity and persistence, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is ubiquitous in sediments and poses significant risk to benthic organisms. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the long-term toxicity of DDT. However, limited information is available on its chronic toxicity to benthic invertebrates. Full-life cycle toxicity of sediment-bound DDT to Chironomus dilutus was assessed. Median lethal concentrations (with 95% confidence limits) of DDT and its degradation products (DDX) to C. dilutus were 334 (165-568), 21.4 (11.2-34.3), and 7.50 (4.61-10.6) nmol/g organic carbon after 10-, 20-, and 63-d exposure, respectively. In addition, median effect concentrations of DDX were 20.0 (15.0-25.3), 7.13 (4.10-10.5), and 8.92 (3.32-15.1) nmol/g organic carbon for growth, emergence, and reproduction, respectively. A toxicity spectrum was established to visually summarize chronic effects of DDX to midges. In addition, DDT degraded to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) during sediment aging, and their toxicity differed from that of the parent compound. Predicted toxic units of DDX in porewater were utilized to distinguish between toxicity from DDT and that of DDD and DDE. The results showed that DDD was the main contributor to the toxicity in C. dilutus. To improve the accuracy of sediment risk assessment of DDT, the composition of DDX should be considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2698-2707. © 2019 SETAC.© 2019 SETAC.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Chironomidae/majr/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism | DDT/majr/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Geologic Sediments/majr/chemistry | Lethal Dose 50 | Life Cycle Stages | Reproduction/drug effects | Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry/toxicity Other:Chironomus dilutus | DDT | Degradation products | Full-life cycle toxicity assessment | Sediment |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4593\",\"10.1002/etc.4593\")","v":"10.1002/etc.4593"},"38","12","2698-2707","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31488269\",\"31488269\")","v":"31488269"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Early-Life Environmental Exposures and Blood Pressure in Children.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC8713646\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Warembourg C, Maitre L, Tamayo-Uria I, Fossati S, Roumeliotaki T, Aasvang GM, Andrusaityte S, Casas M, Cequier E, Chatzi L, Dedele A, Gonzalez JR, Gražulevičienė R, Haug LS, Hernandez-Ferrer C, Heude B, Karachaliou M, Krog NH, McEachan R, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Petraviciene I, Quentin J, Robinson O, Sakhi AK, Slama R, Thomsen C, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, West J, Wright J, Vrijheid M, Basagaña X","Journal of the American College of Cardiology","Early-Life Environmental Exposures and Blood Pressure in Children.    ABSTRACT:  Growing evidence exists about the fetal and environmental origins of hypertension, but mainly limited to single-exposure studies. The exposome has been proposed as a more holistic approach by studying many exposures simultaneously.This study aims to evaluate the association between a wide range of prenatal and postnatal exposures and blood pressure (BP) in children.Systolic and diastolic BP were measured among 1,277 children from the European HELIX (Human Early-Life Exposome) cohort aged 6 to 11 years. Prenatal (n = 89) and postnatal (n = 128) exposures include air pollution, built environment, meteorology, natural spaces, traffic, noise, chemicals, and lifestyles. Two methods adjusted for confounders were applied: an exposome-wide association study considering the exposures independently, and the deletion-substitution-addition algorithm considering all the exposures simultaneously.Decreases in systolic BP were observed with facility density (β change for an interquartile-range increase in exposure: -1.7 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.5 to -0.8 mm Hg]), maternal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl 118 (-1.4 mm Hg [95% CI: -2.6 to -0.2 mm Hg]) and child concentrations of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE: -1.6 mm Hg [95% CI: -2.4 to -0.7 mm Hg]), hexachlorobenzene (-1.5 mm Hg [95% CI: -2.4 to -0.6 mm Hg]), and mono-benzyl phthalate (-0.7 mm Hg [95% CI: -1.3 to -0.1 mm Hg]), whereas increases in systolic BP were observed with outdoor temperature during pregnancy (1.6 mm Hg [95% CI: 0.2 to 2.9 mm Hg]), high fish intake during pregnancy (2.0 mm Hg [95% CI: 0.4 to 3.5 mm Hg]), maternal cotinine concentrations (1.2 mm Hg [95% CI: -0.3 to 2.8 mm Hg]), and child perfluorooctanoate concentrations (0.9 mm Hg [95% CI: 0.1 to 1.6 mm Hg]). Decreases in diastolic BP were observed with outdoor temperature at examination (-1.4 mm Hg [95% CI: -2.3 to -0.5 mm Hg]) and child DDE concentrations (-1.1 mm Hg [95% CI: -1.9 to -0.3 mm Hg]), whereas increases in diastolic BP were observed with maternal bisphenol-A concentrations (0.7 mm Hg [95% CI: 0.1 to 1.4 mm Hg]), high fish intake during pregnancy (1.2 mm Hg [95% CI: -0.2 to 2.7 mm Hg]), and child copper concentrations (0.9 mm Hg [95% CI: 0.3 to 1.6 mm Hg]).This study suggests that early-life exposure to several chemicals, as well as built environment and meteorological factors, may affect BP in children.Copyright © 2019 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Blood Pressure/drug effects | Blood Pressure Determination/methods/statistics & numerical data | Built Environment | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/classification/prevention & control | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Europe/epidemiology | Female | Holistic Health | Humans | Hypertension/majr/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control | Insecticides/adverse effects/analysis | Male | Meteorological Concepts | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood/diagnosis/epidemiology Other:blood pressure | chemicals | children | cohort | environment | epidemiology | exposome |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.069\",\"10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.069\")","v":"10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.069"},"74","10","1317-1328","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31323350\",\"31323350\")","v":"31323350"},0,0,0,0,2020,"In utero exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and subsequent breast cancer.",0,0,"Cohn BA, La Merrill MA, Krigbaum NY, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Yeh G, Hovey RC, Zimmermann L, Cirillo PM","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","In utero exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and subsequent breast cancer.    ABSTRACT:  We tested the hypothesis that maternal perinatal serum levels of poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) predict risk for breast cancer in daughters in a 54-year follow-up of 9300 daughters born 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies pregnancy cohort. Total cholesterol and PFASs were measured in archived maternal perinatal serum for 102 daughter breast cancer cases diagnosed by age 52, and 310 controls matched on birth year and blood draw trimester. High maternal N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), a precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), in combination with high maternal total cholesterol predicted a 3.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (pinteraction<0.05). Conversely, maternal PFOS was associated with decreased daughters' breast cancer risk. Predictions were robust to alternative modeling and independent of other maternal factors. Future generations continue to be exposed to ubiquitous, persistent PFASs. These findings are relevant to breast cancer prevention if confirmed experimentally and where possible, in additional epidemiology studies of internal doses of PFASs and other chemical mixtures especially during vulnerable windows in early life.Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Fatty Acids|Fluorocarbons|Sulfonic Acids|Triglycerides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Cholesterol|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Breast Neoplasms/majr/epidemiology | California/epidemiology | Case-Control Studies | Cholesterol/blood | Cohort Studies | DDT/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Fatty Acids/majr/blood | Female | Fluorocarbons/majr/blood | Humans | Maternal Exposure/majr | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology | Sulfonic Acids/majr/blood | Triglycerides/blood | Young Adult Other:Breast cancer | CHDS | Child Health and Development StudiesI | Cholesterol | EtFOSAA | In utero window of susceptibility | PFASs | PFOS |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.012\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.012\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.012"},"92","","112-119","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D005227:Fatty Acids|D005466:Fluorocarbons|D013451:Sulfonic Acids|D014280:Triglycerides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D002784:Cholesterol|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31284115\",\"31284115\")","v":"31284115"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Sex and poverty modify associations between maternal peripartum concentrations of DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolites and thyroid hormone levels in neonates participating in the VHEMBE study, South Africa.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6728182\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Chevrier J, Rauch S, Obida M, Crause M, Bornman R, Eskenazi B","Environment international","Sex and poverty modify associations between maternal peripartum concentrations of DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolites and thyroid hormone levels in neonates participating in the VHEMBE study, South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), the application of insecticides on the inside walls of dwellings, is used by 84 countries for malaria control. Although effective in preventing malaria, this practice results in elevated insecticide exposure to >100 million people, most of whom are Africans. Pyrethroid insecticides and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) are currently used for IRS. Animal and in vitro studies suggest that pyrethroids and DDT interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis but human studies are inconsistent and no prior study has investigated this question in a population residing in an area where IRS is conducted. Our objective was thus to evaluate whether prenatal exposure to pyrethroids, DDT or DDT's breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) is associated with altered thyroid hormone levels among neonates from Limpopo, South Africa, where pyrethroids and DDT are used annually to control malaria. We measured serum DDT/E and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in maternal peripartum samples from 717 women participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), a birth cohort study conducted in Limpopo's Vhembe district. We measured total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in dried blood spots collected via heel stick. We found that all pyrethroid metabolites were positively associated with TSH; trans-DCCA and 3-PBA showed the strongest associations with a 12.3% (95%CI = 3.0, 22.3) and 14.0% (95%CI = 0.5, 30.2) change for each 10-fold increase in biomarker concentration, respectively. These associations were substantially stronger among children from households below the South African food poverty line. DDT and DDE were associated with lower total T4 among boys only (β = -0.27 μg/dL per 10-fold increase; 95%CI = -0.47, -0.04). Results suggest that prenatal exposure to DDT, DDE and pyrethroid insecticides is associated with changes in neonatal thyroid hormones consistent with hypothyroidism/hypothyroxinemia and that sex and poverty modify associations. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and examine whether they have implications for child development.Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Thyroid Hormones|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Thyrotropin|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Blacks | Child | Cohort Studies | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Malaria/prevention & control | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Peripartum Period | Poverty/majr | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Sex Factors | South Africa | Thyroid Hormones/majr/blood | Thyrotropin/majr/blood Other:DDT | Indoor residual spraying | Pyrethroid insecticides | Thyroid hormones | Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Thyroxine |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.104958\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2019.104958\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2019.104958"},"131","","104958","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D013963:Thyroid Hormones|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D013972:Thyrotropin|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083466\",\"31083466\")","v":"31083466"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Physiological Adaptation to Simultaneous Chronic Exposure to High-Fat Diet and Dichlorodipheniletylhene (DDE) in Wistar Rat Testis.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6562479\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Migliaccio V, Sica R, Scudiero R, Simoniello P, Putti R, Lionetti L","Cells","Physiological Adaptation to Simultaneous Chronic Exposure to High-Fat Diet and Dichlorodipheniletylhene (DDE) in Wistar Rat Testis.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental chemicals can be introduced by consuming contaminated foods. The environmental chemical dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), a persistent metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), can affect spermatogenesis. Our study aims to evaluate, by using spectrophotometric analyses, western blot, and immunohistochemistry, the adaptive responses in testis of adult rats treated with a non-toxic dose of DDE, alone or in association with a high-fat diet (HFD). Four experimental groups were performed: N (normal diet); D (HFD); D + DDE (HFD + DDE); N + DDE (normal diet + DDE). D group showed a reduction in antioxidant capacity, and increases in lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and proliferation associated with morphological impairment. A reduction in androgen receptor (AR) and serum testosterone levels were also found. DDE-treated groups exhibited higher lipid peroxidation levels compared to N and D, associated with pronounced defect in antioxidant capacity, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, as well as with tissue damage. Moreover, decreases in AR and serum testosterone levels were found in DDE-treated groups vs. N and D. In conclusion, HFD and DDE produced cellular stress leading to antioxidant impairment, apoptosis, and decreases in AR and serum testosterone levels associated with tissue damage. Cellular proliferation could be used as an adaptation to counterbalance the occurred damage, maintaining a pool of tubules that follow physiological maturation.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Antioxidants|Receptors, Androgen|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adaptation, Physiological | Animals | Antioxidants/majr/metabolism | Apoptosis | Cell Proliferation | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Diet, High-Fat/majr/adverse effects | Lipid Peroxidation | Male | Oxidative Stress | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Receptors, Androgen/majr/blood | Spermatogenesis | Testis | Testosterone/majr/blood Other:androgen receptor | apoptosis | cell proliferation | environmental pollutants | hyperlipidic diet | oxidative stress |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8050443\",\"10.3390/cells8050443\")","v":"10.3390/cells8050443"},"8","5","","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000975:Antioxidants|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30759253\",\"30759253\")","v":"30759253"},0,0,0,0,2019,"DDT and Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of Induction Time and Susceptibility Windows.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6695310\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Terry MB","Journal of the National Cancer Institute","DDT and Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of Induction Time and Susceptibility Windows.    ABSTRACT:  In a previous Child Health and Development Studies report, p, p'-DDT was associated with a fivefold increased risk of premenopausal (before age 50 years) breast cancer for women first exposed before puberty. Here we extend our observation to breast cancer diagnosed during early postmenopause (ages 50-54 years) to determine whether age at diagnosis modifies the interaction of DDT with age at exposure.We conducted a second prospective, nested case-control study in the Child Health and Development Studies (153 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 50-54 years and 432 controls matched to cases on birth year). These were analyzed separately and pooled with our previous study (129 breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 31-49 years and 129 controls matched on birth year). Blood samples were obtained during pregnancy (median age, 26 years), 1-3 days after delivery from 1959 to 1967 in Oakland, California. Serum was assayed for p, p'-DDT, o, p'-DDT, and p, p'-DDE. Odds ratios (ORs) below are given for doubling of serum p, p'-DDT. All statistical tests were two-sided.For early postmenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk for all women (ORDDT 50-54 = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.67). This association was accounted for by women first exposed to DDT after infancy (ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure after infancy = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.96 to 4.10 vs ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure during infancy = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.19; Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure = .01). In contrast, for premenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk among women first exposed during infancy through puberty, but not after (ORDDT<50 for first exposure during infancy = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.22 to 11.26, Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure x age at diagnosis = .03).p, p'-DDT was associated with breast cancer through age 54 years. Risk depended on timing of first exposure and diagnosis age, suggesting susceptibility windows and an induction period beginning in early life. DDT appears to be an endocrine disruptor with responsive breast targets from in utero to menopause.© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Breast Neoplasms/majr/blood/chemically induced/epidemiology/pathology | California/epidemiology | Case-Control Studies | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Humans | Middle Aged | Postmenopause/blood | Pregnancy | Premenopause/blood | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology/pathology | Prospective Studies",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djy198\",\"10.1093/jnci/djy198\")","v":"10.1093/jnci/djy198"},"111","8","803-810","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30605280\",\"30605280\")","v":"30605280"},0,0,0,0,2018,"The protein expression disorders of connexins (Cx26, Cx32 and Cx43)and keratin 8 in bovine placenta under the influence of DDT, DDE and PCBs.",0,0,"Wojciechowska A, Młynarczuk J, Kotwica J","Polish journal of veterinary sciences","The protein expression disorders of connexins (Cx26, Cx32 and Cx43)and keratin 8 in bovine placenta under the influence of DDT, DDE and PCBs.    ABSTRACT:  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabo- lite, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) can disturb the secretory function of the ovary and both contractions and secretory function of the uterus during the estrus cycle and pregnancy. Additionally, PCBs can pass through the placental barrier into allantoic and amniotic fluid. The presence of PCBs in these fluids is associated with higher frequency of spontaneous abortions and premature births in humans and animals. Therefore, the effect of PCBs, DDT and DDE on the connexins (Cx26, Cx32 and Cx43) and keratin 8 (KRT8) expression in bovine placentomes was investigated. The placentome slices from the second trimester of pregnancy were incubated with PCB153, 126, 77, DDT and DDE (each at doses of 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml) for 48 h. Then, the slices were stained using immunohistochemistry. The density of Cxs staining was measured with Axio- Vision Rel. 4.8 software in fetal-maternal connections and binuclear cells (BNC). None of the tested xenobiotics (XBs) affected the localization of Cxs and KRT8 in the fetal-maternal connec- tion area, but the XBs affected the density of Cxs in fetal-maternal connections and binuclear cells (BNCs). Depend on the doses, in fetal-maternal connections all used PCBs changed the protein expression of different Cxs, while in BNCs, all tested XBs except DDT increased the ex- pression of Cxs. None of investigated XBs affected on KRT8 expression. In summary, used XBs affect the expression of Cxs and change the quantitative relationships between them. Therefore, XBs can unfavorably influence function of the utero-placental barrier in cows.Copyright© by the Polish Academy of Sciences.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Connexins|Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Keratin-8|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle/majr/genetics/metabolism | Connexins/majr/genetics/metabolism | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/toxicity | Female | Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects | Insecticides/toxicity | Keratin-8/majr/genetics/metabolism | Placenta/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Pregnancy Other:KRT8 | chlorinated xenobiotics | connexins expression | cotyledons | cow |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.24425/124311\",\"10.24425/124311\")","v":"10.24425/124311"},"21","4","721-729","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D017630:Connexins|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D053533:Keratin-8|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30153481\",\"30153481\")","v":"30153481"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Transgenerational impaired spermatogenesis with sperm H19 and Gtl2 hypomethylation induced by the endocrine disruptor p,p'-DDE.",0,0,"Song Y, Yang L","Toxicology letters","Transgenerational impaired spermatogenesis with sperm H19 and Gtl2 hypomethylation induced by the endocrine disruptor p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  The hypothesis of fetal origins unraveled that environmental exposures in early life could alter epigenetic modifications in the male germ-line, increasing the susceptibility to adult-onset diseases for generations. In our previous study, p,p'-dichlorodiphenoxydichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), a representative endocrine disruptor, was found to induce transgenerational impaired male fertility with sperm Igf2 hypomethylation. However, whether other imprinted genes involved remains uncovered. In the present study, we administered p,p'-DDE (100 mg/kg body weight) to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD15. Male F1 offspring were mated with the females from the same group to obtain F2 progeny. F3 progeny was obtained by inter-crossing the control and exposed F2 generation. Gestational exposure to p,p'-DDE impaired the testis histology and decreased the sperm fertility with H19 and Gtl2 hypomethylation in F1 offspring. Interestingly, this impaired spermatogenesis and DNA hypomethylation were maintained through F2 and F3 generations. DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 and 3a were significantly decreased in the embryonic testis of p,p'-DDE-treated F1 and F2 generation and returned to control levels by the F3 generation. p,p'-DDE induced a transgenerational impaired spermatogenesis with altered epigenetic modification, posing significant implications for disease etiology.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|H19 long non-coding RNA|Insecticides|MEG3 non-coding RNA, rat|RNA, Long Noncoding|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | DNA Methylation/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects | Female | Infertility, Male/chemically induced/genetics | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | RNA, Long Noncoding/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Sperm Count | Spermatogenesis/majr/drug effects | Testis/pathology Other:DNA methylation | Imprinted genes | Spermatogenesis | Transgeneration | p,p’-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.015\",\"10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.015\")","v":"10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.015"},"297","","34-41","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA|D007306:Insecticides|C000621783:MEG3 non-coding RNA, rat|D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30111184\",\"30111184\")","v":"30111184"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Association of Maternal Insecticide Levels With Autism in Offspring From a National Birth Cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6377859\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Brown AS, Cheslack-Postava K, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, McKeague IW, Surcel HM, Sourander A","The American journal of psychiatry","Association of Maternal Insecticide Levels With Autism in Offspring From a National Birth Cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a largely unknown etiology. To date, few studies have investigated prenatal exposure to toxins and risk of autism by using maternal biomarkers of exposure. Persistent organic pollutants are lipophilic halogenated organic compounds and include the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), as well as its metabolite p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The objective of this study was to test whether elevated maternal levels of persistent organic pollutants are associated with autism among offspring.The investigation was derived from the Finnish Prenatal Study of Autism, a national birth cohort study based on a nested case-control design. Cases of autism among children born between 1987 and 2005 were ascertained by national registry linkages. In cases of childhood autism and matched control subjects (778 matched case-control pairs), maternal serum specimens from early pregnancy were assayed for levels of p,p'-DDE and total levels of PCBs.The odds of autism among offspring were significantly increased with maternal p,p'-DDE levels that were in the highest 75th percentile, with adjustment for maternal age, parity, and history of psychiatric disorders (odds ratio=1.32, 95% CI=1.02, 1.71). The odds of autism with intellectual disability were increased by greater than twofold with maternal p,p'-DDE levels above this threshold (odds ratio=2.21, 95% CI=1.32, 3.69). There was no association between total levels of maternal PCBs and autism.These findings provide the first biomarker-based evidence that maternal exposure to insecticides is associated with autism among offspring. Although further research is necessary to replicate this finding, this study has implications for the prevention of autism and may provide a better understanding of its pathogenesis.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Air Pollutants|Insecticides|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Air Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Autistic Disorder/majr/chemically induced | Child | Cohort Studies | Female | Finland | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Intellectual Disability/chemically induced | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Sex Factors Other:Autism | Birth Cohort | Epidemiology | Neurodevelopment | Persistent Organic Pollutant |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101129\",\"10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101129\")","v":"10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101129"},"175","11","1094-1101","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000393:Air Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30059857\",\"30059857\")","v":"30059857"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Do chlorinated insecticides (aldrin and DDT) or products of their transformations (dieldrin and DDE) impair signal transfer from regulators (oxytocin and relaxin) of bovine myometrium motility in vitro?",0,0,"Wrobel MH","Environmental research","Do chlorinated insecticides (aldrin and DDT) or products of their transformations (dieldrin and DDE) impair signal transfer from regulators (oxytocin and relaxin) of bovine myometrium motility in vitro?    ABSTRACT:  Aldrin, dieldrin, and DDT are chlorinated insecticides that are unintentionally widespread in the environment. It was previously shown that all of the aforementioned compounds increased secretion of ovarian oxytocin (OT), which is a potent uterotonic agent. However, only DDT and its metabolite (DDE) promoted, while aldrin and dieldrin inhibited basal and OT-stimulated myometrial contractions in cows. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of these treatments on the reception and further transmission of the OT-signal for myometrial contractions and on the levels of contractile-associated integral proteins (caveolin; CAV) and gap junction proteins (GAPs). Moreover, their effect on reception of signal for the relaxation of myometrium was also studied. Myometrial strips or cells from non-pregnant (8-12 days of oestrous cycle) or late pregnant (5-8 months) cows were incubated with the studied compounds at environmentally relevant dose (10 ng/ml), which was chosen according to the previous studies. DDT and DDE increased the CAV protein level, while dieldrin decreased the GAPs level. None of the studied compounds affected mRNA expression of the OT receptor and expression of the second messengers (DAG, IP3, PKC, MLCK). Oppositely, DDE and dieldrin decreased mRNA expression of the relaxin (RLX) receptor. Changes in the amount of contractile-associated integral proteins may be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying the adverse effects of the studied insecticides on myometrial motility. Admittedly, none of the studied compounds impaired the reception or further intracellular transmission of the OT signal to promote contractions during the oestrous cycle, while they showed potential to impair the transmission the signal between cells as well as to diminish the effects of one of the primary inhibitor (RLX) of myometrial contractions during gestation.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Oxytocin|Relaxin|DDT|Dieldrin|Aldrin MeSH:  | Aldrin/majr/toxicity | Animals | Cattle | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Dieldrin/toxicity | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Myometrium/majr/drug effects/physiology | Oxytocin/majr/physiology | Pregnancy | Relaxin/majr/physiology | Signal Transduction | Uterine Contraction/drug effects Other:Chlorinated insecticides | Cow | Myometrium | Oxytocin | Relaxin |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.027\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.027\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.027"},"167","","234-239","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D010121:Oxytocin|D012065:Relaxin|D003634:DDT|D004026:Dieldrin|D000452:Aldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29929241\",\"29929241\")","v":"29929241"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Blood concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs in harriers breeding in Spain and Kazakhstan.",0,0,"Espín S, Terraube J, Arroyo B, Camarero PR, Mateo R, Limiñana R, Vázquez-Pumariño X, Pinilla A, García JT, Mougeot F","The Science of the total environment","Blood concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs in harriers breeding in Spain and Kazakhstan.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine compounds (OC) are of interest in current biomonitoring studies because of their well-known persistence, accumulation capacity and the adverse effects they caused in the past. P,p'-DDE has been shown to cause severe reproductive failures and population declines in birds of prey. However, there are knowledge gaps regarding OC exposure for some species (e.g. harriers), the historical record and the broader picture. The main goal was to evaluate exposure to p,p'-DDE and PCBs in two raptor species: Montagu's and pallid harriers (Circus pygargus and Circus macrourus), and to investigate if birds from different breeding areas and wintering grounds differ in pollutant levels. For this purpose, we collected blood of adult and nestling Montagu's and pallid harriers breeding in the natural steppes of Kazakhstan, and adult and nestling Montagu's harriers breeding in agricultural and natural habitats of Spain, in 2007-2008. We determined the blood concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs. Adult harriers generally showed higher concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs than nestlings, probably because they had more time for a progressive accumulation of these compounds due to a higher intake than excretion rate. The p,p'-DDE concentrations in adults were equivalent in all the studied areas. The ratio p,p'-DDE/PCB 153 was higher in adults than in nestlings, suggesting that a portion of the p,p'-DDE in adult harriers may have come from p,p'-DDT applied in the past in the wintering areas. Overall, the concentrations of p,p'-DDE and ∑PCBs reported were generally low and below any demonstrated threshold of harm.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animal Migration | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Ecosystem | Environmental Monitoring | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Falconiformes/majr/blood | Kazakhstan | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Spain Other:DDE | Migratory birds | Montagu's harrier | PCBs | Pallid harrier | Raptor |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.210\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.210\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.210"},"624","","1287-1297","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29906263\",\"29906263\")","v":"29906263"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6108579\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Huang J, Eskenazi B, Bornman R, Rauch S, Chevrier J","Environmental health perspectives","Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides, conducted in low- and middle-income countries to control malaria, may result in high exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or pyrethroids. Animal studies suggest in utero exposure to these chemicals may increase childhood infection frequency.We investigated associations between maternal DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentration and child infection associations in an IRS setting in which susceptibility factors are common and infections are leading causes of child morbidity and mortality.Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we measured serum DDT/E and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in peripartum samples from 674 women participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mother, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) study. Counts of persistent child fevers, otitis media, and severe sore throat between 1 and 2 y of age were ascertained from maternal interviews. Associations between DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentrations and infections were estimated using zero-inflated Poisson regression. We estimated relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) with poverty, maternal energy intake, and maternal HIV status.Concentrations of DDT/E, particularly p,p'-DDE, were associated with higher rates of persistent fevers [IRR=1.21 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.46)], for a 10-fold increase in p,p'-DDE). This association was stronger among children from households below versus above the South African food poverty line [IRR=1.31 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.59) vs. IRR=0.93 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.25), respectively] and for children whose mothers had insufficient versus sufficient caloric intake during pregnancy [IRR=1.30 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.58) vs. IRR=0.96 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.28), respectively].In utero IRS insecticide exposure may increase childhood infection rates. This was particularly apparent among children from poorer households or whose mothers had low energy intake during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2657.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Child, Preschool | DDT/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Humans | Infant | Infections/majr/epidemiology | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood/urine | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Peripartum Period | Poverty | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology | Pyrethrins/majr/adverse effects/urine | South Africa/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP2657\",\"10.1289/EHP2657\")","v":"10.1289/EHP2657"},"126","6","067006","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29723838\",\"29723838\")","v":"29723838"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Alterations in oxidative responses and post-translational modification caused by p,p´-DDE in Mus spretus testes reveal Cys oxidation status in proteins related to cell-redox homeostasis and male fertility.",0,0,"Alhama J, Fuentes-Almagro CA, Abril N, Michán C","The Science of the total environment","Alterations in oxidative responses and post-translational modification caused by p,p´-DDE in Mus spretus testes reveal Cys oxidation status in proteins related to cell-redox homeostasis and male fertility.    ABSTRACT:  The major derivate of DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p´-DDE), is a persistent pollutant previously associated with oxidative stress. Additionally, p,p´-DDE has been linked to several metabolic alterations related to sexual function in rodents. In this study, we analysed the effects of a non-lethal p,p´-DDE dose to Mus spretus mice in testes, focusing on oxidative damage to biomolecules, defence mechanisms against oxidative stress and post-translational protein modifications. No increase in lipid or DNA oxidation was observed, although antioxidative enzymatic defences and redox status of glutathione were altered in several ways. Global protein carbonylation and phosphorylation were significantly reduced in testes from p,p´-DDE-exposed mice; however, the total redox state of Cys thiols did not exhibit a defined pattern. We analysed the reversible redox state of specific Cys residues in detail with differential isotopic labelling and a shotgun labelling-based MS/MS proteomic approach for identification and quantification of altered peptides. Our results show that Cys residues are significantly affected by p,p´-DDE in several proteins related to oxidative stress and/or male fertility, particularly those participating in fertilization, sperm capacitation and blood coagulation. These molecular changes could explain the sexual abnormalities previously described in p,p´-DDE exposed organisms.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Fertility | Homeostasis/drug effects | Male | Mice | Oxidation-Reduction | Oxidative Stress | Protein Processing, Post-Translational | Proteomics | Tandem Mass Spectrometry | Testis/majr/drug effects/physiology | Toxicity Tests Other:Label-based redox proteomic | Mice testes | Organochlorine pesticides | Oxidative stress | Post-translational modifications | Reproduction |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.305\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.305\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.305"},"636","","656-669","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29621723\",\"29621723\")","v":"29621723"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Persistent organic pollutants as predictors of increased FSH:LH ratio in naturally cycling, reproductive age women.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5983370\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Gallo MV, Ravenscroft J, Carpenter DO, Schell LM, Akwesasne Task Force On The Environme","Environmental research","Persistent organic pollutants as predictors of increased FSH:LH ratio in naturally cycling, reproductive age women.    ABSTRACT:  Although several recent studies suggest endocrine disrupting compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p', DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), target different organs and systems in the body, their impact on female reproductive function in humans is not well characterized. We seek to determine the relationship between several known endocrine disrupting compounds and a marker of ovarian responsivity, the FSH:LH ratio (higher ratio indicates less ovarian responsivity). For this analysis, 169 naturally cycling women between 21 and 38 years of age completed interviews and had their blood drawn on day 3 of their menstrual cycle for analyses of toxicants, gonadal sex hormones (E2 and P4), and gonadotropins (FSH and LH). PCB congeners were classified into five groups based on their environmental persistence, distribution in human tissue, and toxicological action, reflecting the structure, mechanism, and known biological activity of individual PCB congeners. For every unit (ppb) increase in the level of the estrogenic PCB group, there was a 5-fold greater risk of a FSH:LH ratio ≥ 2, controlling for individual differences in age, percent body fat, cycle day 3 estradiol levels, parity, alcohol use and cigarette smoking in the past year (exp[ß] = 5; p = ≤0.01). PCB congeners identified as estrogenic were analyzed individually, and, of the 19 potentially estrogenic congeners, five were significantly, and positively related to an increased FSH:LH ratio. Four of these congeners are non-persistent, easily volatilize in the environment, and are easily metabolized, and hence, are indicative of very recent or current exposure. p,p'-DDE and HCB were not associated with FSH:LH ratio. We find a clinical indicator of ovarian responsivity, FSH:LH ratio, is associated with a specific group of estrogenic PCBs. These congeners may become airborne when they volatilize from dredged PCB-contaminated soil or from indoor PCB-containing window caulk and sealants in older buildings leading to inhalation exposure. PCB exposure, particularly to non-persistent, estrogenic congeners, may pose an unrecognized threat to female fecundity within the general population.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Follicle Stimulating Hormone|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Aged | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Female | Follicle Stimulating Hormone | Humans | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Pregnancy | Young Adult Other:Endocrine disrupting chemicals | FSH | FSH:LH ratio | Follicle stimulating hormone | HCB | LH | Luteinizing hormone | Mohawk | Native American | Ovarian responsivity | PCBs | Persistent organic pollutants | Polychlorinated biphenyls | p,p′-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.021\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.021\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.021"},"164","","556-564","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29554563\",\"29554563\")","v":"29554563"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Transcriptome signatures of p,p´-DDE-induced liver damage in Mus spretus mice.",0,0,"Morales-Prieto N, Ruiz-Laguna J, Sheehan D, Abril N","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Transcriptome signatures of p,p´-DDE-induced liver damage in Mus spretus mice.    ABSTRACT:  The use of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane) in some countries, although regulated, is contributing to an increased worldwide risk of exposure to this organochlorine pesticide or its derivative p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene]. Many studies have associated p,p'-DDE exposure to type 2 diabetes, obesity and alterations of the reproductive system, but their molecular mechanisms of toxicity remain poorly understood. We have addressed this issue by using commercial microarrays based on probes for the entire Mus musculus genome to determine the hepatic transcriptional signatures of p,p'-DDE in the phylogenetically close mouse species Mus spretus. High-stringency hybridization conditions and analysis assured reliable results, which were also verified, in part, by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and/or enzymatic activity. Our data linked 198 deregulated genes to mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbations of central signaling pathways (kinases, lipids, and retinoic acid) leading to enhanced lipogenesis and aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, cell proliferation and testosterone catabolism and excretion. Alterations of transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in testosterone catabolism and excretion would explain the relationships established between p,p´-DDE exposure and reproductive disorders, obesity and diabetes. Further studies will help to fully understand the molecular basis of p,p´-DDE molecular toxicity in liver and reproductive organs, to identify effective exposure biomarkers and perhaps to design efficient p,p'-DDE exposure counteractive strategies.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hazardous Substances|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/analysis | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Hazardous Substances/majr/toxicity | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis | Liver/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Mice | Pesticides/analysis | Reproduction | Testosterone | Transcriptome/physiology Other:Aerobic glycolysis | Endocrine-disrupting properties | Heterologous microarrays | Mus spretus | p,p´-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.005\",\"10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.005\")","v":"10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.005"},"238","","150-167","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015386:Hazardous Substances|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481894\",\"29481894\")","v":"29481894"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Dietary Se supplementation partially restores the REDOX proteomic map of M. spretus liver exposed to p,p'-DDE.",0,0,"Morales-Prieto N, Ruiz-Laguna J, Abril N","Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association","Dietary Se supplementation partially restores the REDOX proteomic map of M. spretus liver exposed to p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  The toxicity of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), a contaminant and metabolite derivative of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] is partially mediated by reactive oxygen species. Protein cysteine-based regulatory switches and subsequent alterations of the overall hepatic metabolism are triggered by p,p'-DDE through the disruption of the cellular redox status. The consequences are reproductive impairment, metabolic disorders, diabetes, neurotoxicity and cancer. In recent years, the risk of p,p'-DDE exposure has increased worldwide, reflecting the rise of mosquito-borne diseases in tropical countries that produce and export contaminated foods. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in animal nutrition with antioxidant properties that protects against the toxicity of some xenobiotics. We analyzed the ability of diet Se-supplementation to prevent damages induced by p,p'-DDE in the liver of M. spretus mice, by using redox proteomics based on the determination of the redox status of protein Cys residues. Se selectively acted on specific target, restoring the redox status and functionality of some membrane proteins involved in mitochondrial functionality, protein transport, cell signaling and protein metabolism. However, the Se-enriched diet did not completely prevent the metabolic shift caused by p,p'-DDE exposure that leads to disturbed lipogenesis, hepatic steatosis and alterations in the synthesis of hormones and other cell signals.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Proteins|Reactive Oxygen Species|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Selenium MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Wild | DDT/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Dietary Supplements/majr/analysis | Liver/majr/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism | Mice | Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects | Pesticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Proteins/chemistry/metabolism | Proteomics | Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism | Selenium/majr/administration & dosage | Signal Transduction/drug effects Other:Dietary supplement | Mus spretus | Organochlorine pesticides | Oxidative modifications | Redox proteomics | Selenium |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.047\",\"10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.047\")","v":"10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.047"},"114","","292-301","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D011506:Proteins|D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D012643:Selenium|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29373146\",\"29373146\")","v":"29373146"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Alterations in male reproductive hormones in relation to environmental DDT exposure.",0,0,"Bornman M, Delport R, Farías P, Aneck-Hahn N, Patrick S, Millar RP, de Jager C","Environment international","Alterations in male reproductive hormones in relation to environmental DDT exposure.    ABSTRACT:  DDT [1, 1, 1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] compounds are used for indoor residual spraying (IRS) to control malaria mosquitoes. DDT is an endocrine disruptor chemical in experimental conditions, but little is known of adverse effects related to living conditions with continual uptake across a time span by all possible means of exposure. Based on estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic effects found in animal studies, we hypothesized that chronic DDT/DDE exposures in men may be associated with changes in male reproductive hormones. We tested this hypothesis by compared the magnitude and direction of associations between DDT and DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene) concentrations and male reproductive hormones in samples collected from IRS and non-IRS areas. We sampled a cross-section of 535 men (aged 18-40 years). Men living in IRS villages had significantly higher DDT and DDE concentrations compared with men from non-IRS villages. Men with DDT or DDE uptake (as reflected in detectable plasma concentrations) had significantly higher total-, free and bio-available testosterone (T), and lower follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations; lower luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were only evident with DDT uptake. To establish a dose-dependent effect, four sub-categories were defined. Men with the highest DDT (74-519 μg/g) and DDE (173-997 μg/g) concentrations had significantly higher total-, free and bio-available T, and lower FSH concentrations compared with subjects with non-detectable isomer concentrations. Estradiol concentrations were significantly higher in men with DDT and DDE concentrations in both the third (DDE: 27-172 μg/g; DDT: 5-73 μg/g) and fourth (DDE: 173-997 μg/g; DDT: 74-519 μg/g) categories. Men from IRS villages were significantly more likely to have higher total and bioavailable T as well as higher estradiol concentrations OR = 2.5 (95% CI 1.2, 3.2); OR 2.5 (95% CI 1.6, 4.0) and OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.3, 4.1) compared to men from non-IRS villages, after controlling for age, BMI, personal use of pesticides, and smoking. Men living in IRS villages with life-long exposure (17.6 (±6) years) at the current residence with multiple exposure modalities incurred the highest degree of physiological imbalance over and above circulating isomer concentrations. Further studies are needed to elucidate the health implications of these findings.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Pesticides|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Animals | Cross-Sectional Studies | Culicidae | DDT/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/adverse effects | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Estradiol/majr/blood | Humans | Malaria/prevention & control | Male | Pesticides | Testosterone/majr/blood | Young Adult Other:DDT | Estradiol | Malaria | Male reproductive hormones | Testosterone |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.039\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.039\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.039"},"113","","281-289","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D010575:Pesticides|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29318322\",\"29318322\")","v":"29318322"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Placentas Sampled from Women in Croatia and an Evaluation of Their DNA Damaging Potential In Vitro.",0,0,"Želježić D, Herceg Romanić S, Klinčić D, Matek Sarić M, Letinić JG","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Placentas Sampled from Women in Croatia and an Evaluation of Their DNA Damaging Potential In Vitro.    ABSTRACT:  This study investigated the levels and distribution of 17 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (HCB, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT) in placenta samples from women living in the coastal area of Croatia. During November 2012 to February 2013, 51 placenta samples were collected from healthy mothers. This study presents the first report about Croatian placenta samples. Each of the analysed compounds were found in all of the samples; all of the maximum values were < 1 ng g-1 w.w., and the highest median value found for PCB-28 was 11.2 pg g-1 w.w. PCBs and organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) present in placenta samples were tested for their genotoxic potential using the alkaline comet assay. The alkaline comet assay is one of the most reliable methods in assessing the DNA lesions that occurs in direct interaction of a chemical and the genome. The detected levels of PCBs and OCPs in the placenta did not pose a significant risk to the children's DNA during embryonic and foetal growth following short-term exposure. PCB and OCP concentrations in the placenta samples did not induce any significant primary damage to DNA in terms of DNA strand breaks and changes in the primary chemical structure, which could be detected by the alkaline comet assay.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Adult | Comet Assay | Croatia | DDT/analysis | DNA Damage/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Exposure/majr/analysis | Female | Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Placenta/majr/chemistry | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0503-9\",\"10.1007/s00244-017-0503-9\")","v":"10.1007/s00244-017-0503-9"},"74","2","284-291","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|C040534:alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|C081766:2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29287179\",\"29287179\")","v":"29287179"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Exposure to DDT and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among South African women from an indoor residual spraying region: The VHEMBE study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6118349\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Murray J, Eskenazi B, Bornman R, Gaspar FW, Crause M, Obida M, Chevrier J","Environmental research","Exposure to DDT and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among South African women from an indoor residual spraying region: The VHEMBE study.    ABSTRACT:  Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), the use of insecticides inside residences for malaria control, may cause elevated exposure to insecticides such as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT). Evidence suggests that DDT exposure may increase blood pressure but no study has investigated associations with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in an IRS area. We measured the serum concentration of DDT and its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethylene (DDE) at the time of delivery among 733 rural South African women participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE). We also collected data on HDP diagnosis through questionnaires administered to participants and medical record abstraction. We used multiple logistic regression models to examine the relation between DDT/E and HDP. p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE serum concentrations were associated with HDP based on self-report (OR = 1.50; 95%CI = 1.10, 2.03 for p,p'-DDT and OR = 1.58; 95%CI = 1.09, 2.28 for p,p'-DDE) and medical records (OR = 1.32; 95%CI = 0.99, 1.75 for p,p'-DDT and OR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.03, 2.09 for p,p'-DDE). p,p'-DDE was also associated with gestational hypertension (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.07). Exposure to DDT and DDE may be associated with elevated risks of HDP in South African women residing in an area sprayed for malaria control.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Female | Humans | Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/majr/chemically induced | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Maternal Exposure | Mothers | Pregnancy Other:DDE | DDT | Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | Indoor Residual Spraying | Preeclampsia | South Africa |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.006\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.006\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.006"},"162","","49-54","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29195489\",\"29195489\")","v":"29195489"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Secondary sex ratio in relation to exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene and methylmercury.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5717715\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Timmermann CAG, Choi AL, Petersen MS, Nielsen F, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Weihe P, Grandjean P","International journal of circumpolar health","Secondary sex ratio in relation to exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene and methylmercury.    ABSTRACT:  This study was undertaken to assess the potential impact of maternal exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and methylmercury on the secondary sex ratios (the ratio of male to female live births) over a span of 23 years. The study includes prospective data from three Faroese birth cohorts, with a total of 2,152 healthy mother-child dyads recruited between 1986 and 2009. The Faroe Islands is a subarctic fishing community, where pilot whale meat and blubber are part of the traditional marine diet. Exposures were measured in maternal hair, serum or umbilical cord blood. Confounder adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between maternal exposures and the secondary sex ratio. A doubling in ΣPCB, p,p'-DDE and mercury concentrations were associated with increased odds by 8% (95% CI = 0-16%), 7% (95% CI = 0-14%) and 9% (95% CI = 2-17%), respectively, of giving birth to a boy. In conclusion, maternal exposure to ΣPCB, DDE and methylmercury was associated with a slightly increased secondary sex ratio. The impact of paternal exposures could not be taken into account and deserves attention.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Methylmercury Compounds|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Animals | Arctic Regions/epidemiology | Denmark/epidemiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Food Contamination | Humans | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Methylmercury Compounds/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Pregnancy | Prospective Studies | Sex Ratio/majr | Whales, Pilot | Young Adult Other:Contaminants | DDE | Faroe islands | PCB | methylmercury | pilot whale | sex ratio |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2017.1406234\",\"10.1080/22423982.2017.1406234\")","v":"10.1080/22423982.2017.1406234"},"76","1","1406234","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D008767:Methylmercury Compounds|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28841520\",\"28841520\")","v":"28841520"},0,0,0,0,2017,"In utero exposure to DDT and incidence of diarrhea among boys from tropical Mexico.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5623652\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Cupul-Uicab LA, Terrazas-Medina EA, Hernández-Ávila M, Longnecker MP","Environmental research","In utero exposure to DDT and incidence of diarrhea among boys from tropical Mexico.    ABSTRACT:  A higher incidence rate (IR) of acute gastrointestinal (GI) infections associated with prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE was suggested by the results in two studies. Given the high mortality rate due to childhood diarrhea in some countries with ongoing use of DDT, additional data on this association is relevant for those making decisions about vector-borne disease control.To evaluate whether higher levels of prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT increase the risk of having diarrhea in a birth cohort of boys from tropical Mexico.Our analysis was based on 747 boys whose exposure was measured in maternal serum collected at delivery (2002-2003). Mothers reported the number of diarrhea episodes of their children during in-person interviews. The median age of the children at their last interview was 21.4 months. Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) of diarrhea by levels of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT.Overall, there were 1.7 episodes of diarrhea per child-year. Among those in the highest category of exposure (> 9µg DDE/g serum lipid), the aIRR for diarrhea was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.30) compared to those in the lowest category of exposure (≤ 3µg/g). Among boys living in the urban area, the corresponding aIRR was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07-1.80). Among rural boys, no associations emerged.Although the results were consistent with a small positive association, the overall estimate was not precise. While urban boys in this study appeared to be more susceptible to DDE-associated diarrhea, a ready explanation for such increased susceptibility was not apparent.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | DDT/majr/toxicity | Diarrhea/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Incidence | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/toxicity | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Mexico/epidemiology | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Tropical Climate Other:Boys | Diarrhea | Prenatal exposure | p,p′-DDE | p,p′-DDT |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.027\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.027\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.027"},"159","","331-337","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28392238\",\"28392238\")","v":"28392238"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Organochloride pesticides modulated gut microbiota and influenced bile acid metabolism in mice.",0,0,"Liu Q, Shao W, Zhang C, Xu C, Wang Q, Liu H, Sun H, Jiang Z, Gu A","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Organochloride pesticides modulated gut microbiota and influenced bile acid metabolism in mice.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) can persistently accumulate in body and threaten human health. Bile acids and intestinal microbial metabolism have emerged as important signaling molecules in the host. However, knowledge on which intestinal microbiota and bile acids are modified by OCPs remains unclear. In this study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p'-DDE) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) for 8 weeks. The relative abundance and composition of various bacterial species were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bile acid composition was analyzed by metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS. The expression of genes involved in hepatic and enteric bile acids metabolism was measured by real-time PCR. Expression of genes in bile acids synthesis and transportation were measured in HepG2 cells incubated with p, p'-DDE and β-HCH. Our findings showed OCPs changed relative abundance and composition of intestinal microbiota, especially in enhanced Lactobacillus with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. OCPs affected bile acid composition, enhanced hydrophobicity, decreased expression of genes on bile acid reabsorption in the terminal ileum and compensatory increased expression of genes on synthesis of bile acids in the liver. We demonstrated that chronic exposure of OCPs could impair intestinal microbiota; as a result, hepatic and enteric bile acid profiles and metabolism were influenced. The findings in this study draw our attention to the hazards of chronic OCPs exposure in modulating bile acid metabolism that might cause metabolic disorders and their potential to cause related diseases in human.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Bile Acids and Salts|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|RNA, Ribosomal, 16S|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Animals | Bile Acids and Salts/majr/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Gastrointestinal Microbiome/majr/drug effects | Hexachlorocyclohexane/metabolism/toxicity | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Intestines | Lipid Metabolism/drug effects | Liver/chemistry | Male | Mice | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Pesticides/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Other:Bile acids metabolism | Intestinal microbiota | Organochloride pesticides |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.068\",\"10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.068\")","v":"10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.068"},"226","","268-276","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001647:Bile Acids and Salts|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28089717\",\"28089717\")","v":"28089717"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human follicular fluid and in vitro fertilization outcomes, a pilot study.",0,0,"Bloom MS, Fujimoto VY, Storm R, Zhang L, Butts CD, Sollohub D, Jansing RL","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human follicular fluid and in vitro fertilization outcomes, a pilot study.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitously distributed among the U.S. population and adversely impact human reproduction. These compounds have been detected in human ovarian follicular fluid (FF), where they directly contact a developing oocyte. As a pilot investigation, we measured 43 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and its persistent metabolite p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in residual FF collected from 32 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). We identified significant inverse associations between higher levels of PCB congeners and indicators of ovarian reserve (e.g., antral follicle count), follicular response to administered gonadotropins (e.g., peak estradiol, number of oocytes retrieved, endometrial thickness), intermediate IVF endpoints (e.g., oocyte fertilization and embryo quality), and clinical IVF outcomes (e.g., embryo implantation and live birth), after adjusting for body mass index, cigarette smoking, race, and age. Our results suggest that ongoing exposure to POPs impacts IVF and merit confirmation in a larger and more definitive future study.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | DDT/majr/analysis/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/toxicity | Embryo Implantation/drug effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/toxicity | Female | Fertilization in Vitro/majr | Follicular Fluid/majr/chemistry | Humans | Multivariate Analysis | Pilot Projects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Predictive Value of Tests | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology Other:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) | Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) | Follicular fluid | In vitro fertilization (IVF) | Infertility | Organochlorine pesticides | Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | Reproduction |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.004\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.004\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.004"},"67","","165-173","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27988188\",\"27988188\")","v":"27988188"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Environmental exposure to DDT and its metabolites in cord serum: Distribution, enantiomeric patterns, and effects on infant birth outcomes.",0,0,"Xu C, Yin S, Tang M, Liu K, Yang F, Liu W","The Science of the total environment","Environmental exposure to DDT and its metabolites in cord serum: Distribution, enantiomeric patterns, and effects on infant birth outcomes.    ABSTRACT:  Previous in vivo studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is endocrine disrupting, and may cause adverse health risks to newborns. In this cross-sectional study, non-invasive cord serum samples were collected from maternal-neonate pairs of an island population. Concentrations of DDT and its metabolites were analyzed to provide insights into the environmental exposure patterns and to elucidate their effects on birth outcomes. The average concentrations of p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and total DDTs were 0.463, 0.293, 0.089, 0.098, 0.441 and 1.384μgg-1 lipid weight, respectively. Several maternal characteristics were identified as influencing factors on the environmental exposure distribution. The isomer ratios of individual components and the enantiomeric patterns of o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT indicated that historical technical DDT remains the predominant exposure source, though new sources of dicofol-type of DDT pollution must not be ignored. Using multivariable linear regression, increasing p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT levels were found to be significantly associated with an increase in neonatal birth weight, which deserves additional attention to obesity risks. No other birth outcome was found to be significant regarding DDT exposure. These findings raise the awareness of the prenatal risk of DDT and its metabolites among infants in contaminated areas.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Birth Weight | Cross-Sectional Studies | DDT/majr/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene | Environmental Exposure/majr/analysis | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/chemistry | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr Other:Birth outcomes | Cord serum | DDT | Enantiomeric patterns | Environmental exposure |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.196\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.196\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.196"},"580","","491-498","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27894940\",\"27894940\")","v":"27894940"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Changes in the mRNA expression of structural proteins, hormone synthesis and secretion from bovine placentome sections after DDT and DDE treatment.",0,0,"Wojciechowska A, Mlynarczuk J, Kotwica J","Toxicology","Changes in the mRNA expression of structural proteins, hormone synthesis and secretion from bovine placentome sections after DDT and DDE treatment.    ABSTRACT:  Disorders in the barrier function and secretory activity of the placenta can be caused by xenobiotics (XB) present in the environment and their accumulation in tissues of living organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,-bis-4-chlorophenyl-ethane (DDT) and its metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-4-chlorophenyl-ethene (DDE) (for 24 or 48h) at doses of 1, 10 or 100ng/ml on the function of cow placentome sections in the second trimester of pregnancy. DDT and DDE affected neither (P>0.05) the viability nor hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1α) mRNA expression of the sections. XB decreased (P<0.05) connexin (Cx) 26, 32, 43 and placenta-specific 1 (PLAC-1) mRNA expression but did not affect (P>0.05) keratin 8 (KRT8) mRNA expression. DDT and DDE also reduced (P<0.05) prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) synthase (PGFS) mRNA expression, while DDT increased (P<0.05) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthase (PGES) mRNA expression. Neither cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA expression nor PGF2α and PGE2 secretion were affected. Both DDT and DDE increased (P<0.05) neurophysin I/oxytocin (NP1/OT) mRNA expression and oxytocin (OT), oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) secretion while DDT stimulated only 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) mRNA expression (P<0.05). In summary, DDT and DDE impaired the barrier function and secretory activity of the placenta. Thus, these compounds can disrupt trophoblast invasion, myometrium contractility and gas/nutrient exchange throughout pregnancy in cows.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Connexins|Insecticides|PLAC1 protein, human|Placental Hormones|Pregnancy Proteins|RNA, Messenger|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Connexins/biosynthesis/genetics | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental | Insecticides/toxicity | Placenta/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Placental Hormones/majr/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics | RNA, Messenger/majr/biosynthesis/genetics Other:Connexins | DDE | DDT | Oxytocin | Placenta | Prostaglandins |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.016\",\"10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.016\")","v":"10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.016"},"375","","1-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D017630:Connexins|D007306:Insecticides|C415583:PLAC1 protein, human|D010926:Placental Hormones|D011257:Pregnancy Proteins|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27640133\",\"27640133\")","v":"27640133"},0,0,0,0,2016,"p,p'-Dichlordiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) can elicit antiandrogenic and estrogenic modes of action in the amphibian Xenopus laevis.",0,0,"Hoffmann F, Kloas W","Physiology & behavior","p,p'-Dichlordiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) can elicit antiandrogenic and estrogenic modes of action in the amphibian Xenopus laevis.    ABSTRACT:  p,p'-Dichlordiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is a metabolite of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), an organochloride which was massively used from its discovery in 1939 until the early 1970's. Due to the tremendous half-life of DDT and DDE, both substances are to date environmentally relevant. Furthermore, DDT is still employed in many African countries in the context of the WHO's antimalaria campaign. In amphibians, DDE was found to act as antiandrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), whereas in other species DDE was found to act as an estrogen. To determine the mode of action (MOA) of DDE in adult male Xenopus laevis, we exposed adult male frogs to different concentrations of DDE, as well as to the estrogenic EDC ethinylestradiol (EE2) and the antiandrogenic fungicide vinclozolin (VIN) for four consecutive nights. We then analyzed the mate calling behavior, which was previously shown to be affected by (anti)androgenic and (anti)estrogenic EDC in a MOA-specific manner, in order to assess whether DDE exposure results in estrogen-specific or antiandrogen-specific alterations of the mate calling behavior. Our results demonstrate that DDE alters the reproductive behavior of male X. laevis. Lowered sexual arousal of exposed males was indicated by a decreased production of advertisement calls and higher amounts of calls that suggest a sexually unaroused state of the males. Our results further indicate that DDE can display both, estrogenic and antiandrogenic MOA, either of which can have adverse effects on reproductive physiology and behavior in X. laevis. The disruption of the affected mating behavior, which is crucial for a successful reproduction, might result in a reduced reproductive success of DDE exposed animals.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Insecticides|Oxazoles|Estrone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|vinclozolin MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacology | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/pharmacology | Estradiol/pharmacology | Estrone/majr/pharmacology | Female | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology | Male | Oxazoles/pharmacology | Vocalization, Animal/majr/drug effects | Xenopus laevis Other:Antiandrogenic modes of action | Calling behavior | Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) | Estrogenicity | Xenopus laevis | p,p′-Dichlordiphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE) |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.012\",\"10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.012\")","v":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.012"},"167","","172-178","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D007306:Insecticides|D010080:Oxazoles|D004970:Estrone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|C025643:vinclozolin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27728883\",\"27728883\")","v":"27728883"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Pesticides in human milk of Western Australian women and their influence on infant growth outcomes: A cross-sectional study.",0,0,"Du J, Gridneva Z, Gay MCL, Trengove RD, Hartmann PE, Geddes DT","Chemosphere","Pesticides in human milk of Western Australian women and their influence on infant growth outcomes: A cross-sectional study.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants in human milk (HM) at high levels are considered to be detrimental to the breastfed infant. To determine the pesticide concentration in HM, a pilot cross-sectional study of 40 Western Australian (WA) women was carried out. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with a validated QuEChERS was used for the analysis of 88 pesticides in HM. p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with a mean concentration of 62.8 ± 54.5 ng/g fat was found, whereas other organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids were not detected in HM. Overall, no association was observed between HM p,p'-DDE concentrations and maternal age, parity, body mass index and percentage fat mass. Furthermore, for the first time no significant association was found between p,p'-DDE concentrations in HM and infant growth outcomes such as weight, length, head circumference and percentage fat mass. The calculated daily intake was significantly different to the estimated daily intake of total DDTs and was well below the guideline proposed by WHO. The DDTs levels in WA have also significantly decreased by 42 - fold since the 1970s and are currently the lowest in Australia.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Anthropometry | Australia | Body Composition | Breast Feeding | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/pharmacology | Female | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Humans | Infant | Lactation | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Milk, Human/majr/chemistry | Parity | Pesticides/majr/analysis/pharmacology | Pregnancy | Tandem Mass Spectrometry Other:Calculated daily intake | Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry | Human milk | Persistent organic pollutants | Pesticide residues | Western Australia |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.005\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.005\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.005"},"167","","247-254","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27457477\",\"27457477\")","v":"27457477"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure and anogenital distance in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study, South Africa.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6150713\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Bornman MS, Chevrier J, Rauch S, Crause M, Obida M, Sathyanarayana S, Barr DB, Eskenazi B","Andrology","Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure and anogenital distance in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study, South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is used for malaria control by 10 countries, nine of which are in Africa. Technical DDT contains various isomers with 65-80% insecticidal p,p'-DDT and 15-21% o,p'-DDT, an estrogenic chemical, while the persistent metabolite of p,p'-DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), is an antiandrogen. In utero antiandrogenic exposure reduces anogenital distance in animal models and the anal position index in a single study. This study examined the associations between mother's serum DDT and DDE levels at delivery and anogenital distance in their children at birth and age 1 year. Data were collected as part of the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), a birth cohort study located in rural South Africa. DDT and DDE concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from 752 mothers at delivery. Anogenital distance measurements, taken at birth (n = 671) and age 1 year (n = 674), included anofourchette and anoclitoral distances in girls, and anoscrotal and anopenile lengths in boys. We also measured anococcygeal and coccyx-fourchette distances in girls, while in boys, we measured anococcygeal and coccyx-scrotal distances as well as penile length and penile width. The anal position index is calculated for both sexes as anoscrotal/coccyx-scrotal in boys and anofourchette/coccyx-fourchette in girls. We found no associations between p,p'-DDT/-DDE or o,p'-DDT and anogenital distance measurements at birth in either boys or girls. At 1 year, o,p'-DDE was negatively associated with anofourchette in girls (β =-1.32 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.27, -0.38) and positively associated with penile width in boys (β = 0.30 mm, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.60). The results do not suggest an overt antiandrogenic or estrogenic effect on anogenital distance after long-term DDT exposure. These weak associations may be due to chance.© 2016 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Anthropometry | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Genitalia, Female/majr/abnormalities/drug effects | Genitalia, Male/majr/abnormalities/drug effects | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Pest Control | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | South Africa | Urogenital Abnormalities/majr/blood/chemically induced Other:Anogenital distance | boys | dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene | dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | girls |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/andr.12235\",\"10.1111/andr.12235\")","v":"10.1111/andr.12235"},"4","4","608-15","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27421580\",\"27421580\")","v":"27421580"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Environmental factors, epigenetics, and developmental origin of reproductive disorders.",1,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5233640\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Ho SM, Cheong A, Adgent MA, Veevers J, Suen AA, Tam NNC, Leung YK, Jefferson WN, Williams CJ","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Environmental factors, epigenetics, and developmental origin of reproductive disorders.    ABSTRACT:  Sex-specific differentiation, development, and function of the reproductive system are largely dependent on steroid hormones. For this reason, developmental exposure to estrogenic and anti-androgenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with reproductive dysfunction in adulthood. Human data in support of \"Developmental Origins of Health and Disease\" (DOHaD) comes from multigenerational studies on offspring of diethylstilbestrol-exposed mothers/grandmothers. Animal data indicate that ovarian reserve, female cycling, adult uterine abnormalities, sperm quality, prostate disease, and mating behavior are susceptible to DOHaD effects induced by EDCs such as bisphenol A, genistein, diethylstilbestrol, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene, phthalates, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Mechanisms underlying these EDC effects include direct mimicry of sex steroids or morphogens and interference with epigenomic sculpting during cell and tissue differentiation. Exposure to EDCs is associated with abnormal DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifications, as well as altered expression of genes important for development and function of reproductive tissues. Here we review the literature exploring the connections between developmental exposure to EDCs and adult reproductive dysfunction, and the mechanisms underlying these effects.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors MeSH:  | Animals | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Epigenesis, Genetic/majr/drug effects | Female | Gestational Age | Humans | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/genetics | Reproduction/majr/drug effects/genetics Other:DNA methylation | Developmental programming | Epigenetic reprogramming | Histone modification | Non-coding RNA | Reproductive behaviors | Reproductive dysfunction | Transgenerational transmission |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.011\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.011\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.011"},"68","","85-104","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27420117\",\"27420117\")","v":"27420117"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Effects of anti-androgens cyproterone acetate, linuron, vinclozolin, and p,p'-DDE on the reproductive organs of the copepod Acartia tonsa.",0,0,"Watermann BT, Albanis TA, Galassi S, Gnass K, Kusk KO, Sakkas VA, Wollenberger L","Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering","Effects of anti-androgens cyproterone acetate, linuron, vinclozolin, and p,p'-DDE on the reproductive organs of the copepod Acartia tonsa.    ABSTRACT:  The study was performed to detect the effects of anti-androgenic compounds on the reproduction. In this paper alterations observed in the marine calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa exposed to environmental concentrations of cyproterone acetate (CPA), linuron (LIN), vinclozolin (VIN), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) for 21 days covering a full life cycle are described. Histological alterations were studied with a focus on reproductive organs, gonad and accessory sexual glands. Exposure to ≥1.2 µg L(-1) CPA caused degeneration of spermatocytes and deformation of the spermatophore in males. In a single male exposed to 33 µg L(-1) CPA, an ovotestis was observed. In CPA exposed females, enhancement of oogenesis, increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proliferation occurred. Exposure of males to ≥12 µg L(-1) LIN caused degenerative effects in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids, and at 4.7 µg L(-1) LIN, the spermatophore wall displayed an irregular formation. In LIN exposed females, no such structural alterations were found; however, the proliferation index was reduced at 29 µg L(-1) LIN. At an exposure concentration of ≥100 µg L(-1) VIN, distinct areas in male gonad were stimulated, whereas others displayed a disturbed spermatogenesis and a deformed spermatophore wall. In VIN exposed female A. tonsa, no effects were observed. Male A. tonsa exposed to p,p'-DDE displayed an impairment of spermatogenesis in all stages with increased degrees of apoptosis. In p,p'-DDE-exposed females, a statistical significant increase of the proliferation index and an intensification of oogenesis were observed at 0.0088 µg L(-1).  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Oxazoles|Linuron|Cyproterone Acetate|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|vinclozolin MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Animals | Copepoda/majr/drug effects | Cyproterone Acetate/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Gonads/majr/drug effects | Linuron/majr/toxicity | Male | Oogenesis/drug effects | Oxazoles/majr/toxicity | Spermatogenesis/drug effects | Spermatogonia/drug effects Other:Comparative pathology | crustacea | endocrine disruption | histology | invertebrate |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2016.1199769\",\"10.1080/10934529.2016.1199769\")","v":"10.1080/10934529.2016.1199769"},"51","13","1111-20","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D010080:Oxazoles|D008044:Linuron|D017373:Cyproterone Acetate|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C025643:vinclozolin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27391359\",\"27391359\")","v":"27391359"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Transcriptional networks associated with the immune system are disrupted by organochlorine pesticides in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) ovary.",0,0,"Martyniuk CJ, Doperalski NJ, Feswick A, Prucha MS, Kroll KJ, Barber DS, Denslow ND","Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","Transcriptional networks associated with the immune system are disrupted by organochlorine pesticides in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) ovary.    ABSTRACT:  Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) inhabiting Lake Apopka, Florida are exposed to high levels of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and dietary uptake is a significant route of exposure for these apex predators. The objectives of this study were to determine the dietary effects of two organochlorine pesticides (p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; p, p' DDE and methoxychlor; MXC) on the reproductive axis of largemouth bass. Reproductive bass (late vitellogenesis) were fed one of the following diets: control pellets, 125ppm p, p'-DDE, or 10ppm MXC (mg/kg) for 84days. Due to the fact that both p,p' DDE and MXC have anti-androgenic properties, the anti-androgenic pharmaceutical flutamide was fed to a fourth group of largemouth bass (750ppm). Following a 3 month exposure, fish incorporated p,p' DDE and MXC into both muscle and ovary tissue, with the ovary incorporating 3 times more organochlorine pesticides compared to muscle. Endpoints assessed were those related to reproduction due to previous studies demonstrating that these pesticides impact the reproductive axis and we hypothesized that a dietary exposure would result in impaired reproduction. However, oocyte distribution, gonadosomatic index, plasma vitellogenin, and plasma sex steroids (17β-estradiol, E2 and testosterone, T) were not different between control animals and contaminant-fed largemouth bass. Moreover, neither p, p' DDE nor MXC affected E2 or T production in ex vivo oocyte cultures from chemical-fed largemouth bass. However, both pesticides did interfere with the normal upregulation of androgen receptor that is observed in response to human chorionic gonadotropin in ex vivo cultures, an observation that may be related to their anti-androgenic properties. Transcriptomics profiling in the ovary revealed that gene networks related to cell processes such as leukocyte cell adhesion, ossification, platelet function and inhibition, xenobiotic metabolism, fibrinolysis, and thermoregulation were altered by p, p' DDE, MXC, and flutamide. Interestingly, immune-related gene networks were suppressed by all three chemicals. The data suggest that p, p' DDE and flutamide affected more genes in common with each other than either chemical with MXC, consistent with studies suggesting that p, p' DDE is a more potent anti-androgen than MXC. These data demonstrate that reproductive health was not affected by these specific dietary treatments, but rather the immune system, which may be a significant target of organochlorine pesticides. The interaction between the reproductive and immune systems should be considered in future studies on these legacy and persistent pesticides.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Methoxychlor MeSH:  | Animals | Bass/majr/genetics/immunology | Body Burden | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Diet | Female | Gene Regulatory Networks/majr/drug effects | Immune System/drug effects | Methoxychlor/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Ovary/majr/drug effects/immunology | Pesticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Transcriptome/drug effects/immunology | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/metabolism/toxicity Other:Apex predator | Immunosuppression | Legacy pesticides | Reproductive axis | T-cells |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.009\",\"10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.009\")","v":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.009"},"177","","405-16","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D008731:Methoxychlor|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26928317\",\"26928317\")","v":"26928317"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Effects of environmental endocrine disruptors, including insecticides used for malaria vector control on reproductive parameters of male rats.",0,0,"Patrick SM, Bornman MS, Joubert AM, Pitts N, Naidoo V, de Jager C","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Effects of environmental endocrine disruptors, including insecticides used for malaria vector control on reproductive parameters of male rats.    ABSTRACT:  The male reproductive system is sensitive to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical developmental windows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in utero-, during lactation- and directly to 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and a mixture of DDT, deltamethrin (DM), p-nonylphenol (p-NP) and phytoestrogens, at concentrations found in a malaria-area. After dosing for 104 days, histological assessments and reproductive-endpoints were assessed. The anogenital distance (AGD) (P=0.005) was shorter in the mixture-exposed group, while the prostate mass (P=0.018) was higher in the DDT-exposed group. A higher testicular mass and abnormal histology was observed in the DDT-(P=0.019), DDE-(P=0.047) and mixture-exposed (P<0.005) groups. This study shows that in utero-, lactational- and direct exposure to EDCs present in a malaria-area negatively affects male reproductive parameters in rats. These findings raise concerns to EDC-exposures to mothers living in malaria-areas and the reproductive health of their male offspring.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Insecticides|Nitriles|Phenols|Pyrethrins|decamethrin|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|nonylphenol|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Female | Genitalia, Male/majr/abnormalities/drug effects/pathology | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Liver/drug effects/pathology | Malaria/prevention & control | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Mosquito Control | Mosquito Vectors | Nitriles/toxicity | Organ Size/drug effects | Phenols/toxicity | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/toxicity | Rats, Sprague-Dawley Other:DDE | DDT | Deltamethrin | Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals | Phytoestrogens | South Africa | p-Nonylphenol |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.02.015\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.02.015\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.02.015"},"61","","19-27","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D007306:Insecticides|D009570:Nitriles|D010636:Phenols|D011722:Pyrethrins|C017180:decamethrin|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C025256:nonylphenol|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26801515\",\"26801515\")","v":"26801515"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L68) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L68),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L68) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L68),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L68) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L68),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B68:D68)","v":0},2016,"Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sperm DNA methylation changes in Arctic and European populations.",0,0,"Consales C, Toft G, Leter G, Bonde JP, Uccelli R, Pacchierotti F, Eleuteri P, Jönsson BA, Giwercman A, Pedersen HS, Struciński P, Góralczyk K, Zviezdai V, Spanò M","Environmental and molecular mutagenesis","Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sperm DNA methylation changes in Arctic and European populations.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane], are environmental contaminants with potential endocrine disrupting activity. DNA methylation levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes have been associated with serum concentrations of POPs in Greenland Inuit and Korean populations. Greenland Inuits are characterized by the highest worldwide POP levels. In this cross-sectional study we evaluated the relationship between serum POP concentrations and DNA methylation levels in sperm of non-occupationally exposed fertile men from Greenland, Warsaw (Poland), and Kharkiv (Ukraine). Serum levels of PCB-153 [1,2,4-trichloro-5-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)benzene], as a proxy of the total PCBs body burden, and of p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene], the main metabolite of DDT were measured. Sperm DNA methylation level was assessed globally by flow cytometric (FCM) immunodetection of 5-methyl-cytosines and at specific repetitive DNA sequences (Alu, LINE-1, Satα) by PCR-pyrosequencing after bisulfite conversion. Multivariate linear regression analysis was applied to investigate correlations between serum POP concentrations and DNA methylation. No consistent associations between exposure to POPs and sperm DNA methylation at repetitive DNA sequences were detected. A statistically significant global decrease in methylation was associated with exposure to either POP by FCM analysis. This is the first study to investigate environmental exposure to POPs and DNA methylation levels considering sperm as the target cells. Although POP exposure appears to have a limited negative impact on sperm DNA methylation levels in adult males, the global hypomethylation detected by one of the methods applied suggests that further investigation is warranted.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Alu Elements | DDT/toxicity | DNA Methylation/majr/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects | Greenland | Humans | Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements | Male | Poland | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects/physiology | Ukraine Other:epidemiology | epigenetics | human spermatozoa | p,p′-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane] | polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.21994\",\"10.1002/em.21994\")","v":"10.1002/em.21994"},"57","3","200-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26753749\",\"26753749\")","v":"26753749"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Temporal and latitudinal trends of p,p'-DDE in eggs and carcasses of North American birds from 1980 to 2005.",1,0,"Mora MA, Durgin B, Hudson LB, Jones E","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Temporal and latitudinal trends of p,p'-DDE in eggs and carcasses of North American birds from 1980 to 2005.    ABSTRACT:  The use of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in agriculture in the United States and Canada was prohibited in the early 1970s; however, it continued to be used restrictively in Mexico until 2000. Forty years later, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), continues to be detected in eggs and bird carcasses in North America. The use of DDE has been associated with reproductive failure of several avian species, primarily through eggshell thinning. To assess the temporal and latitudinal distribution of p,p'-DDE in North America, the authors examined DDE concentrations reported in bird tissues in the scientific literature published between 1980 and 2009. Overall, the majority of supported models suggested that DDE concentrations in birds were greater in the upper mid-latitudes (38°-48°) than in other parts of North America. However, spatial trends of DDE seemed to be influenced by regions with large amounts of data, such as the Great Lakes area. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE in eggs averaged 2.5 μg/g, 3.2 μg/g, and 29.5 μg/g wet weight in 1980 and decreased to 1.64 μg/g, 0.87 μg/g, and 1.01 μg/g wet weight by the mid-2000s for the central, eastern, and western North America regions, respectively. The results indicate that, over time, all DDE residues observed in birds have decreased significantly in North America. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1340-1348. © 2016 SETAC.© 2016 SETAC.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/metabolism/physiology | Bone and Bones/majr/chemistry | DDT/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring/majr/methods | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | North America | Ovum/majr/chemistry | Reproduction/drug effects Other:Birds | North America | Persistent organic pollutants | Trends | p,p′-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3360\",\"10.1002/etc.3360\")","v":"10.1002/etc.3360"},"35","6","1340-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26691841\",\"26691841\")","v":"26691841"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Label-free based quantitative proteomics analysis of primary neonatal porcine Leydig cells exposed to the persistent contaminant 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE.",0,0,"Kalayou S, Granum C, Berntsen HF, Groseth PK, Verhaegen S, Connolly L, Brandt I, de Souza GA, Ropstad E","Journal of proteomics","Label-free based quantitative proteomics analysis of primary neonatal porcine Leydig cells exposed to the persistent contaminant 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  Evidence that persistent environmental pollutants may target the male reproductive system is increasing. The male reproductive system is regulated by secretion of testosterone by testicular Leydig cells, and perturbation of Leydig cell function may have ultimate consequences. 3-Methylsulfonyl-DDE (3-MeSO2-DDE) is a potent adrenal toxicants formed from the persistent insecticide DDT. Although studies have revealed the endocrine disruptive effect of 3-MeSO2-DDE, the underlying mechanisms at cellular level in steroidogenic Leydig cells remains to be established. The current study addresses the effect of 3-MeSO2-DDE on viability, hormone production and proteome response of primary neonatal porcine Leydig cells. The AlamarBlue™ assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Solid phase radioimmunoassay was used to measure concentration of hormones produced by both unstimulated and Luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated Leydig cells following 48h exposure. Protein samples from Leydig cells exposed to a non-cytotoxic concentration of 3-MeSO2-DDE (10 μM) were subjected to nano-LC-MS/MS and analyzed on a Q Exactive mass spectrometer and quantified using label-free quantitative algorithm. Gene Ontology (GO) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were carried out for functional annotation and identification of protein interaction networks. 3-MeSO2-DDE regulated Leydig cell steroidogenesis differentially depending on cell culture condition. Whereas its effect on testosterone secretion at basal condition was stimulatory, the effect on LH-stimulated cells was inhibitory. From triplicate experiments, a total of 6804 proteins were identified in which the abundance of 86 proteins in unstimulated Leydig cells and 145 proteins in LH-stimulated Leydig cells was found to be significantly regulated in response to 3-MeSO2-DDE exposure. These proteins not only are the first reported in relation to 3-MeSO2-DDE exposure, but also display small number of proteins shared between culture conditions, suggesting the action of 3-MeSO2-DDE on several targeted pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2-signaling, and glutathione-mediated detoxification. Further identification and characterization of these proteins and pathways may build our understanding to the molecular basis of 3-MeSO2-DDE induced endocrine disruption in Leydig cells.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Proteome|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/pharmacology | Leydig Cells/majr/metabolism/pathology | Male | Proteome/majr/metabolism | Proteomics/majr | Swine Other:3-Methylsulfonyl-DDE | Endocrine disruption | IPA | Leydig cells | Persistent organic pollutants | Proteomics | Steroidogenesis | Sus scrofa |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.007\",\"10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.007"},"137","","68-82","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D020543:Proteome|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C055238:1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26606134\",\"26606134\")","v":"26606134"},0,0,0,0,2016,"p,p'-DDE Induces Gonadal Intersex in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations: Comparison with o,p'-DDT.",0,0,"Sun J, Wang C, Peng H, Zheng G, Zhang S, Hu J","Environmental science & technology","p,p'-DDE Induces Gonadal Intersex in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations: Comparison with o,p'-DDT.    ABSTRACT:  Previous studies have reported high body burdens of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in wild fishes worldwide. This study evaluated the adverse effects of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and o,p'-DDT on gonadal development and reproduction by exposing transgenic Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) from hatch for 100 days. While both p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT induced intersex in male medaka, the lowest observable effective concentration (LOEC) of o,p'-DDT was 57.7 ng/g ww, about 5-fold lower than that (272 ng/g ww) of p,p'-DDE. Since LOECs of both chemicals were comparable to the body concentrations in wild fish, DDT contamination would likely contribute to the occurrence of intersex observed in wild fish. Exposure to o,p'-DDT resulted in much higher expression of vitellogenin in liver of males than p,p'-DDE, accordant with the higher potency of o,p'-DDT than p,p'-DDE to induce intersex. This phenomenon could be partly explained by the significantly elevated levels of 17β-estradiol in plasma of males exposed to o,p'-DDT, in addition to its estrogenic activity via the estrogen receptor. Significantly lower fertilization (p = 0.006) and hatchability (p = 0.019) were observed in the 13 intersex males. This study for the first time demonstrated the induction of intersex and reproductive effects of p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT at environmentally relevant concentrations.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Vitellogenins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|DDT|o,p'-DDT MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Disorders of Sex Development/majr/chemically induced | Estradiol/analysis/metabolism | Gonads/majr/drug effects | Male | Oryzias | Vitellogenins/analysis/metabolism | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05042\",\"10.1021/acs.est.5b05042\")","v":"10.1021/acs.est.5b05042"},"50","1","462-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014819:Vitellogenins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D003634:DDT|C016340:o,p'-DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26414943\",\"26414943\")","v":"26414943"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Prenatal DDT and DDE exposure and child IQ in the CHAMACOS cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5152618\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Gaspar FW, Harley KG, Kogut K, Chevrier J, Mora AM, Sjödin A, Eskenazi B","Environment international","Prenatal DDT and DDE exposure and child IQ in the CHAMACOS cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Although banned in most countries, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) continues to be used for vector control in some malaria endemic areas. Previous findings from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort study found increased prenatal levels of DDT and its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) to be associated with altered neurodevelopment in children at 1 and 2years of age. In this study, we combined the measured maternal DDT/E concentrations during pregnancy obtained for the prospective birth cohort with predicted prenatal DDT and DDE levels estimated for a retrospective birth cohort. Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) and linear regression models, we evaluated the relationship of prenatal maternal DDT and DDE serum concentrations with children's cognition at ages 7 and 10.5years as assessed using the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and 4 subtest scores (Working Memory, Perceptual Reasoning, Verbal Comprehension, and Processing Speed) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). In GEE analyses incorporating both age 7 and 10.5 scores (n=619), we found prenatal DDT and DDE levels were not associated with Full Scale IQ or any of the WISC subscales (p-value>0.05). In linear regression analyses assessing each time point separately, prenatal DDT levels were inversely associated with Processing Speed at age 7years (n=316), but prenatal DDT and DDE levels were not associated with Full Scale IQ or any of the WISC subscales at age 10.5years (n=595). We found evidence for effect modification by sex. In girls, but not boys, prenatal DDE levels were inversely associated with Full Scale IQ and Processing Speed at age 7years. We conclude that prenatal DDT levels may be associated with delayed Processing Speed in children at age 7years and the relationship between prenatal DDE levels and children's cognitive development may be modified by sex, with girls being more adversely affected.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | California | Child | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Cognition/majr/drug effects | Cohort Studies | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Humans | Intelligence Tests/majr | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood/chemically induced/psychology | Prospective Studies | Retrospective Studies Other:Back-extrapolation | Children's health | Cognitive development | Environmental exposures | Persistent organic pollutants |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.004\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.004\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.004"},"85","","206-12","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26333063\",\"26333063\")","v":"26333063"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and offspring allergic sensitization and lung function at 20 years of age.",0,0,"Hansen S, Strøm M, Olsen SF, Dahl R, Hoffmann HJ, Granström C, Rytter D, Bech BH, Linneberg A, Maslova E, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Halldorsson TI","Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology","Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and offspring allergic sensitization and lung function at 20 years of age.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been associated with asthma medication use and self-reported symptoms, but associations with lung function and allergic sensitization have been minimally explored. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between prenatal exposures to POPs and allergic sensitization and lung function in 20-year-old offspring.In a Danish cohort of 965 pregnant women established in 1988-1989, six polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) were quantified in archived maternal serum drawn in gestational week 30 (n = 872). Among those with available maternal exposure information, at age 20, 421 offspring attended attended a clinical examination including measurements of allergic sensitization (serum-specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kUA /L) (n = 418) and lung function [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC)] (n = 414).There were no associations between maternal concentrations of POPs and offspring allergic sensitization at 20 years of age. Maternal concentrations of POPs were, however, positively associated with offspring airway obstruction (FEV1 /FVC < 75%). Compared to offspring in the first tertile of exposure, offspring in the third tertile of dioxin-like PCB exposure had an OR of 2.96 (95% CI: 1.14-7.70). Similar associations for non-dioxin-like PCBs, HCB, and p,p'-DDE were 2.68 (1.06-6.81), 2.63 (1.07, 6.46), and 2.87 (1.09, 7.57), respectively. No associations were observed with reduced lung function (FEV1 % of predicted value < 90%).Our data indicate that prenatal exposure to POPs appears to be associated with airway obstruction but not allergic sensitization at 20 years of age. The findings support that chronic obstructive lung diseases may have at least part of their origins in early life.© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Chromatography, Gas | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Hexachlorobenzene/adverse effects | Humans | Hypersensitivity/majr/epidemiology | Male | Mass Spectrometry | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/majr/epidemiology | Respiratory Function Tests | Young Adult Other:allergic sensitization | lung function | persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | prenatal exposure |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12631\",\"10.1111/cea.12631\")","v":"10.1111/cea.12631"},"46","2","329-36","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26298464\",\"26298464\")","v":"26298464"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Persistent Organic Pollutant Determination in Killer Whale Scat Samples: Optimization of a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method and Application to Field Samples.",0,0,"Lundin JI, Dills RL, Ylitalo GM, Hanson MB, Emmons CK, Schorr GS, Ahmad J, Hempelmann JA, Parsons KM, Wasser SK","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Persistent Organic Pollutant Determination in Killer Whale Scat Samples: Optimization of a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method and Application to Field Samples.    ABSTRACT:  Biologic sample collection in wild cetacean populations is challenging. Most information on toxicant levels is obtained from blubber biopsy samples; however, sample collection is invasive and strictly regulated under permit, thus limiting sample numbers. Methods are needed to monitor toxicant levels that increase temporal and repeat sampling of individuals for population health and recovery models. The objective of this study was to optimize measuring trace levels (parts per billion) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated-diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclobenzene, in killer whale scat (fecal) samples. Archival scat samples, initially collected, lyophilized, and extracted with 70 % ethanol for hormone analyses, were used to analyze POP concentrations. The residual pellet was extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Method detection limits ranged from 11 to 125 ng/g dry weight. The described method is suitable for p,p'-DDE, PCBs-138, 153, 180, and 187, and PBDEs-47 and 100; other POPs were below the limit of detection. We applied this method to 126 scat samples collected from Southern Resident killer whales. Scat samples from 22 adult whales also had known POP concentrations in blubber and demonstrated significant correlations (p < 0.01) between matrices across target analytes. Overall, the scat toxicant measures matched previously reported patterns from blubber samples of decreased levels in reproductive-age females and a decreased p,p'-DDE/∑PCB ratio in J-pod. Measuring toxicants in scat samples provides an unprecedented opportunity to noninvasively evaluate contaminant levels in wild cetacean populations; these data have the prospect to provide meaningful information for vital management decisions.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Monitoring/majr | Feces/majr/chemistry | Female | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis | Whale, Killer/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0218-8\",\"10.1007/s00244-015-0218-8\")","v":"10.1007/s00244-015-0218-8"},"70","1","9-19","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26125556\",\"26125556\")","v":"26125556"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Detecting Associations between Early-Life DDT Exposures and Childhood Growth Patterns: A Novel Statistical Approach.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4488365\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Heggeseth B, Harley K, Warner M, Jewell N, Eskenazi B","PloS one","Detecting Associations between Early-Life DDT Exposures and Childhood Growth Patterns: A Novel Statistical Approach.    ABSTRACT:  It has been hypothesized that environmental exposures at key development periods such as in utero play a role in childhood growth and obesity. To investigate whether in utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE), is associated with childhood physical growth, we took a novel statistical approach to analyze data from the CHAMACOS cohort study. To model heterogeneity in the growth patterns, we used a finite mixture model in combination with a data transformation to characterize body mass index (BMI) with four groups and estimated the association between exposure and group membership. In boys, higher maternal concentrations of DDT and DDE during pregnancy are associated with a BMI growth pattern that is stable until about age five followed by increased growth through age nine. In contrast, higher maternal DDT exposure during pregnancy is associated with a flat, relatively stable growth pattern in girls. This study suggests that in utero exposure to DDT and DDE may be associated with childhood BMI growth patterns, not just BMI level, and both the magnitude of exposure and sex may impact the relationship.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Body Mass Index | Cohort Studies | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Obesity | Pediatric Obesity/majr/chemically induced | Polychlorinated Biphenyls | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Sex Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131443\",\"10.1371/journal.pone.0131443\")","v":"10.1371/journal.pone.0131443"},"10","6","e0131443","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26115335\",\"26115335\")","v":"26115335"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Prenatal Phthalate, Perfluoroalkyl Acid, and Organochlorine Exposures and Term Birth Weight in Three Birth Cohorts: Multi-Pollutant Models Based on Elastic Net Regression.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4786980\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Lenters V, Portengen L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BA, Lindh CH, Piersma AH, Toft G, Bonde JP, Heederik D, Rylander L, Vermeulen R","Environmental health perspectives","Prenatal Phthalate, Perfluoroalkyl Acid, and Organochlorine Exposures and Term Birth Weight in Three Birth Cohorts: Multi-Pollutant Models Based on Elastic Net Regression.    ABSTRACT:  Some legacy and emerging environmental contaminants are suspected risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction. However, the evidence is equivocal, in part due to difficulties in disentangling the effects of mixtures.We assessed associations between multiple correlated biomarkers of environmental exposure and birth weight.We evaluated a cohort of 1,250 term (≥ 37 weeks gestation) singleton infants, born to 513 mothers from Greenland, 180 from Poland, and 557 from Ukraine, who were recruited during antenatal care visits in 2002-2004. Secondary metabolites of diethylhexyl and diisononyl phthalates (DEHP, DiNP), eight perfluoroalkyl acids, and organochlorines (PCB-153 and p,p´-DDE) were quantifiable in 72-100% of maternal serum samples. We assessed associations between exposures and term birth weight, adjusting for co-exposures and covariates, including prepregnancy body mass index. To identify independent associations, we applied the elastic net penalty to linear regression models.Two phthalate metabolites (MEHHP, MOiNP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and p,p´-DDE were most consistently predictive of term birth weight based on elastic net penalty regression. In an adjusted, unpenalized regression model of the four exposures, 2-SD increases in natural log-transformed MEHHP, PFOA, and p,p´-DDE were associated with lower birth weight: -87 g (95% CI: -137, -340 per 1.70 ng/mL), -43 g (95% CI: -108, 23 per 1.18 ng/mL), and -135 g (95% CI: -192, -78 per 1.82 ng/g lipid), respectively; and MOiNP was associated with higher birth weight (46 g; 95% CI: -5, 97 per 2.22 ng/mL).This study suggests that several of the environmental contaminants, belonging to three chemical classes, may be independently associated with impaired fetal growth. These results warrant follow-up in other cohorts.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Caprylates|Environmental Pollutants|Fluorocarbons|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Phthalic Acids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|perfluorooctanoic acid|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Biomarkers/blood | Birth Weight/majr/drug effects | Caprylates/majr/blood/toxicity | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Europe | Female | Fluorocarbons/majr/blood/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood/toxicity | Infant, Newborn | Linear Models | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Phthalic Acids/majr/blood/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/etiology/physiopathology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408933\",\"10.1289/ehp.1408933\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1408933"},"124","3","365-72","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D002210:Caprylates|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D005466:Fluorocarbons|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010795:Phthalic Acids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25910281\",\"25910281\")","v":"25910281"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Association of Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Traits in Early Childhood: The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort (Crete, Greece).",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4590761\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Vafeiadi M, Georgiou V, Chalkiadaki G, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Karachaliou M, Fthenou E, Venihaki M, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Kyrtopoulos SA, Oken E, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L","Environmental health perspectives","Association of Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Traits in Early Childhood: The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort (Crete, Greece).    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may increase risk of obesity later in life.We examined the relation of in utero POPs exposure to offspring obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors at 4 years of age in the Rhea mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece (n = 689).We determined concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in first-trimester maternal serum. We measured child weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thicknesses, blood pressure (BP), blood levels of lipids, C-reactive protein, and adipokines at 4 years of age. Childhood obesity was defined using age- and sex-specific cut points for body mass index (BMI) as recommended by the International Obesity Task Force.On multivariable regression analyses, a 10-fold increase in HCB was associated with a higher BMI z-score (adjusted β = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.86), obesity [relative risk (RR) = 8.14; 95% CI: 1.85, 35.81], abdominal obesity (RR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.08, 11.28), greater sum of skinfold thickness (β = 7.71 mm; 95% CI: 2.04, 13.39), and higher systolic BP (β = 4.34 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.63, 8.05) at 4 years of age. Prenatal DDE exposure was associated with higher BMI z-score (β = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.5), abdominal obesity (RR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.70, 8.30), and higher diastolic BP (β = 1.79 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.13, 3.46). PCBs were not significantly associated with offspring obesity or cardiometabolic risk factors.Prenatal exposure to DDE and HCB was associated with excess adiposity and higher blood pressure levels in early childhood.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Anthropometry/majr | Blood Chemical Analysis | Blood Pressure/majr | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Greece/epidemiology | Hexachlorobenzene/toxicity | Humans | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Middle Aged | Pediatric Obesity/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Risk Factors | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409062\",\"10.1289/ehp.1409062\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1409062"},"123","10","1015-21","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25885170\",\"25885170\")","v":"25885170"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Motor development following in utero exposure to organochlorines: a follow-up study of children aged 5-9 years in Greenland, Ukraine and Poland.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4332728\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Høyer BB, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Pedersen HS, Góralczyk K, Chumak L, Jönsson BA, Bonde JP, Toft G","BMC public health","Motor development following in utero exposure to organochlorines: a follow-up study of children aged 5-9 years in Greenland, Ukraine and Poland.    ABSTRACT:  Prior studies on the association between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and child motor development have found contradicting results. Using data collected in the INUENDO cohort in Kharkiv (Ukraine), Warsaw (Poland) and Greenland (N = 1,103) between the years 2002 and 2012, we examined relations of prenatal exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) on motor development and developmental milestones; crawling, standing-up and walking.CB-153 and p,p'-DDE were measured in maternal blood in second or third trimester of pregnancy. Motor development was measured in terms of the parentally assessed screening tool Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 and developmental milestones were assessed via retrospective parental reports of child age at the first time of crawling, standing-up and walking.We saw no associations between tertiles of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE or log-transformed exposures and retrospective reports of the developmental milestones crawling, standing-up and walking in infancy or the motor skills measured as developmental coordination disorder at young school age.In utero exposure to CB-153 and p,p'-DDE was not associated with parentally retrospectively assessed developmental milestones in infancy or parentally assessed motor skills at young school age. The use of a more sensitive outcome measure may be warranted if subtle effects should be identified.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Child | Child Development/majr/drug effects/physiology | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Greenland | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Poland | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy/blood | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Retrospective Studies | Ukraine",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1465-3\",\"10.1186/s12889-015-1465-3\")","v":"10.1186/s12889-015-1465-3"},"15","","146","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25813841\",\"25813841\")","v":"25813841"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis) breeding at Península Valdés, Argentina.",0,0,"Torres P, Miglioranza KS, Uhart MM, Gonzalez M, Commendatore M","The Science of the total environment","Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis) breeding at Península Valdés, Argentina.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in blubber from 35 dead Southern Right Whales (SRW - Eubalaena australis) stranded at Península Valdés, Argentina. The life cycle includes a feeding period in high productivity areas of the South West Atlantic and a reproductive period in coastal template waters of Argentina. Organochlorine pesticides showed higher concentrations (22.6±13.8 ng·g(-1)ww) than PCBs (7.5±10 ng·g(-1)ww). Among pesticides, HCHs, DDTs, endosulfans, dieldrin, chlordans, heptachlor epoxide, and trans-nonachlor were detected. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT were present in 69% and 26% of samples, respectively. p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratio showed low values (<0.33) as a result of aged DDT inputs. However, the occurrence of only p,p'-DDT in some samples suggests a recent pesticide input. α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio (<DL-0.37) indicated no recent contribution of technical HCH mixture and/or current use of lindane. Dieldrin was present in 77% of the samples and endosulfan was detected in all samples with predominance of α- (75%) over β-endosulfan (19%) and scarce contribution of endosulfan sulphate (7%), suggesting a recent input of this insecticide to the environment in the SRW foraging area. A predominance of pentachlorobiphenyls was observed. In 21 samples at least one PCB indicator was found and PCB #118, highly toxic, contributed in 5% to total PCBs. Although all these organochlorine compounds are forbidden they were bioaccumulated in the blubber of SRW with a predominance of endosulfans, the more recently used pesticide. The absence of data on chemical pollutants in stranded dead whales is highlighted as a priority for research. This is the first study on levels, compositional patterns, and organochlorine sources in SRW. Moreover, more research including milk, and other tissues/organs is recommended considered that in the studied specimens, mostly calves, pollutants are likely transferred from the mother during pregnancy and nursing.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl|alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|nonachlor|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|endosulfan sulfate|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Endosulfan MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism | Endosulfan/analogs & derivatives/metabolism | Environmental Monitoring/majr | Female | Hexachlorocyclohexane/metabolism | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/metabolism | Pesticides/majr/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/metabolism | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/metabolism | Whales/majr/metabolism Other:Bioaccumulation | OCPs | PCBs | Península Valdés | South West Atlantic | Southern Right Whales |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.064\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.064\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.064"},"518-519","","605-15","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|C070055:2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl|C040534:alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|C001870:nonachlor|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|C544689:endosulfan sulfate|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D004726:Endosulfan|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25742056\",\"25742056\")","v":"25742056"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Infant Growth: A Pooled Analysis of Seven European Birth Cohorts.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4492262\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Iszatt N, Stigum H, Verner MA, White RA, Govarts E, Murinova LP, Schoeters G, Trnovec T, Legler J, Pelé F, Botton J, Chevrier C, Wittsiepe J, Ranft U, Vandentorren S, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Klümper C, Weisglas-Kuperus N, Polder A, Eggesbø M","Environmental health perspectives","Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Infant Growth: A Pooled Analysis of Seven European Birth Cohorts.    ABSTRACT:  Infant exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may contribute to obesity. However, many studies so far have been small, focused on transplacental exposure, used an inappropriate measure to assess postnatal exposure through breastfeeding if any, or did not discern between prenatal and postnatal effects.We investigated prenatal and postnatal exposure to POPs and infant growth (a predictor of obesity).We pooled data from seven European birth cohorts with biomarker concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB-153) (n = 2,487), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) (n = 1,864), estimating prenatal and postnatal POPs exposure using a validated pharmacokinetic model. Growth was change in weight-for-age z-score between birth and 24 months. Per compound, multilevel models were fitted with either POPs total exposure from conception to 24 months or prenatal or postnatal exposure.We found a significant increase in growth associated with p,p'-DDE, seemingly due to prenatal exposure (per interquartile increase in exposure, adjusted β = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.22). Due to heterogeneity across cohorts, this estimate cannot be considered precise, but does indicate that an association with infant growth is present on average. In contrast, a significant decrease in growth was associated with postnatal PCB-153 exposure (β = -0.10; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.01).To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date of POPs exposure and infant growth, and it contains state-of-the-art exposure modeling. Prenatal p,p'-DDE was associated with increased infant growth, and postnatal PCB-153 with decreased growth at European exposure levels.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Body Height/drug effects | Body Weight/drug effects | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Europe | Female | Growth/majr/drug effects | Humans | Infant | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1308005\",\"10.1289/ehp.1308005\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1308005"},"123","7","730-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25710247\",\"25710247\")","v":"25710247"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Anti-Müllerian hormone and lifestyle, reproductive, and environmental factors among women in rural South Africa.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4385457\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Whitworth KW, Baird DD, Steiner AZ, Bornman RM, Travlos GS, Wilson RE, Longnecker MP","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","Anti-Müllerian hormone and lifestyle, reproductive, and environmental factors among women in rural South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  Few data exist regarding anti-Müllerian hormone, a marker of ovarian reserve, in relation to environmental factors with potential ovarian toxicity.This analysis included 420 women from Limpopo, South Africa studied in 2010-2011. Women were administered comprehensive questionnaires, and plasma concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane were determined. We used separate multivariable models to examine the associations between natural log-transformed anti-Müllerian hormone concentration (ng/ml) and each of the lifestyle, reproductive, and environmental factors of interest, adjusted for age, body mass index, education, and parity.The median age of women was 24 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 22 to 26); the median anti-Müllerian hormone concentration was 3.1 ng/ml (IQR = 2.0 to 6.0). Women who reported indoor residual spraying in homes with painted walls (indicative of exposure to pyrethroids) had 25% lower (95% confidence interval [CI] = -39%, -8%) anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations compared with women who reported no spraying. Little evidence of decreased anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations was observed among women with the highest dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane levels. Compared with women who used an electric stove, no association was observed among women who cooked indoors over open wood fires. The findings also suggested lower anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations among women who drank coffee (-19% [95% CI = -31%, -5%]) or alcohol (-21% [95% CI = -36%, -3%]).These are among the first data regarding anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations relative to pesticides and indoor air pollution. Our results are suggestive of decreased ovarian reserve associated with exposure to pyrethroid pesticides, which is consistent with laboratory animal data.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Anti-Mullerian Hormone|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Anti-Mullerian Hormone/majr/blood | DDT/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Female | Gravidity/drug effects | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Life Style/majr | Parity/drug effects | Pregnancy | Reproductive Health/majr/statistics & numerical data | Rural Population/statistics & numerical data | South Africa/epidemiology | Surveys and Questionnaires | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000265\",\"10.1097/EDE.0000000000000265\")","v":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000000265"},"26","3","429-35","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677940\",\"25677940\")","v":"25677940"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Circumpolar contamination in eggs of the high-Arctic ivory gull Pagophila eburnea.",0,0,"Lucia M, Verboven N, Strøm H, Miljeteig C, Gavrilo MV, Braune BM, Boertmann D, Gabrielsen GW","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Circumpolar contamination in eggs of the high-Arctic ivory gull Pagophila eburnea.    ABSTRACT:  The ivory gull Pagophila eburnea is a high-Arctic species threatened by climate change and contaminants. The objective of the present study was to assess spatial variation of contaminant levels (organochlorines [OCs], brominated flame retardants [BFRs], perfluorinated alkyl substances [PFASs], and mercury [Hg]) in ivory gulls breeding in different areas across the Arctic region as a baseline for potential future changes associated with climate change. Contaminants were already determined in eggs from Canada (Seymour Island; except PFASs), Svalbard in Norway (Svenskøya), and 3 sites in Russia (Nagurskoe, Cape Klyuv, and Domashny). New data from Greenland allowed the investigation of a possible longitudinal gradient of contamination. The most quantitatively abundant OCs were p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorobiphenyls. Mercury concentrations were higher in Canada compared with other colonies. Eggs from Nagurskoe often were characterized by higher OC and BFR concentrations. Concentrations gradually decreased in colonies situated east of Nagurskoe. In contrast, PFAS concentrations, especially perfluorooctanoate and perfluorononanoate, were higher in Greenland. Some of the contaminants, especially Hg and p,p'-DDE, exceeded published thresholds known to disrupt the reproductive success of avian species. Overall, the levels of OCs, BFRs, and PFASs did not suggest direct lethal exposure to these compounds, but their potential synergetic/additive sublethal effects warrant monitoring.© 2015 SETAC.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Flame Retardants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury MeSH:  | Animals | Arctic Regions | Charadriiformes/majr/growth & development/metabolism | Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid | Climate Change | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/toxicity | Flame Retardants/analysis/toxicity | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis/toxicity | Mercury/analysis/toxicity | Ovum/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/toxicity | Principal Component Analysis | Tandem Mass Spectrometry Other:Arctic | Ivory gull | Perfluorinated alkyl substances | Persistent organic pollutants |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2935\",\"10.1002/etc.2935\")","v":"10.1002/etc.2935"},"34","7","1552-61","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D005411:Flame Retardants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25618547\",\"25618547\")","v":"25618547"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Developmental neurotoxicity of persistent organic pollutants: an update on childhood outcome.",1,0,"Berghuis SA, Bos AF, Sauer PJ, Roze E","Archives of toxicology","Developmental neurotoxicity of persistent organic pollutants: an update on childhood outcome.    ABSTRACT:  Organohalogens are persistent organic pollutants that have a wide range of chemical application. There is growing evidence that several of these chemical compounds interfere with human development in various ways. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the relationship between various persistent organic pollutants and childhood neurodevelopmental outcome from studies from the past 10 years. This review focuses on exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and in addition on exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A, and perfluorinated compounds and their associations with neurodevelopmental outcome in childhood, up to 18 years of age. This review shows that exposure to environmental chemicals affects neurodevelopmental outcome in children. Regarding exposure to PCBs and OH-PCBs, most studies report no or inverse associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Regarding exposure to PBDEs, lower mental development, psychomotor development and IQ were found at preschool age, and poorer attention at school age. Regarding exposure to DDE, most studies reported inverse associations with outcome, while others found no associations. Significant relations were particularly found at early infancy on psychomotor development, on attention and ADHD, whereas at school age, no adverse relationships were described. Additionally, several studies report gender-related vulnerability. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of prenatal and childhood exposure to these environmental chemicals, on sex-specific and combined exposure effects of environmental chemicals, and on possible mechanisms by which these chemicals have their effects on neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzhydryl Compounds|Environmental Pollutants|Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|Phenols|Phthalic Acids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|bisphenol A MeSH:  | Adolescent | Animals | Benzhydryl Compounds/toxicity | Child | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/toxicity | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Neurodevelopmental Disorders/majr/chemically induced | Neurotoxicity Syndromes/majr/etiology | Phenols/toxicity | Phthalic Acids/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-015-1463-3\",\"10.1007/s00204-015-1463-3\")","v":"10.1007/s00204-015-1463-3"},"89","5","687-709","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|D010636:Phenols|D010795:Phthalic Acids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C006780:bisphenol A|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25572880\",\"25572880\")","v":"25572880"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure and establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation in Mexican preschooler.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4385466\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Osorio-Valencia E, Torres-Sánchez L, López-Carrillo L, Cebrián ME, Rothenberg SJ, Hernández Chávez Mdel C, Schnaas L","Neurotoxicology","Prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure and establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation in Mexican preschooler.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE is associated with impairments in motor development during the first year of life, with no related repercussions on mental or motor development at 12-30 months and with impairments in cognitive areas, but not in perceptual and motor areas at preschool age. However, its association with particular psychomotor factors, such as establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation, essential elements to the overall learning and specifically reading, writing and spelling in preschoolers, has not been independently evaluated, since cognitive and motor areas have only been explored globally.To determine the association between prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and the establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation in children 5 years of age.Establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation was evaluated using the McCarthy Scale of Children's Abilities, with 167 children 5 years of age who participated in a birth cohort in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The information available for each child included: serum concentrations of p,p'-DDE of the mother during at least one trimester of pregnancy, mothers' intelligence quotients, stimulation at home and anthropometry. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the association between prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and lateralization and a multiple linear regression model was used for the association with spatial orientation.A two-fold increase in p,p'-DDE in lipid base during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with a significant reduction, -0.18 points (95% CI -0.41; 0.04, in the spatial orientation index, with no impairment in the establishment of hemispheric dominance. Attending preschool and the maternal intelligence quotient were the main determinants of spatial orientation and the establishment of hemispheric dominance.Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE may affect the 5 year old's ability to identify spatial orientation of oneself and surrounding objects. Given the observed role of attending preschool in the functions studied, early attendance in formal education might serve as a stimulation strategy for preschoolers. These preliminary results should be verified and expanded in further prospective studies with DDE.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Functional Laterality/majr/drug effects | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Intelligence/drug effects | Male | Maternal Exposure | Mexico | Neuropsychological Tests | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/psychology | Prospective Studies | Spatial Processing/majr/drug effects Other:DDE | Lateralization | McCarthy Scales | Spatial orientation |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.011\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.011\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.011"},"47","","1-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25410718\",\"25410718\")","v":"25410718"},0,0,0,0,2016,"p,p'-DDE damages spermatogenesis via phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway.",0,0,"Quan C, Shi Y, Wang C, Wang C, Yang K","Environmental toxicology","p,p'-DDE damages spermatogenesis via phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway.    ABSTRACT:  One, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism by which p,p'-DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate some mechanisms involved in this process, including the mitochondria apoptosis pathway and the role of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Puberty male SD rats were given different doses of p,p'-DDE (0, 20, 60, 100 mg/kg body weight), after the treatment, the semen quality was evaluated. Western blotting was used to detect the PHGPx protein expression. Furthermore, real-time PCR was used to analyze the genetic expression of PHGPx, Bax, Cytochrom C (Cyt C), Apaf-1, and caspase-3 in the testis. Results indicated that after the exposure, sperm malformation rate showed a significant rise compared with the control group, and meanwhile, the sperm density and sperm motility parameters were reduced to some extent in different treated groups. The mitochondria apoptosis pathway was activated. And remarkably, the expression of PHGPx protein was greatly reduced by the exposure. We conclude that p,p'-DDE can damage spermatogenesis via PHGPx depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Apaf1 protein, rat|Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1|Water Pollutants, Chemical|bcl-2-Associated X Protein|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Cytochromes c|Hydrogen Peroxide|Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase|Glutathione Peroxidase|Caspase 3 MeSH:  | Animals | Apoptosis/majr/drug effects | Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1/genetics/metabolism | Caspase 3/genetics/metabolism | Cytochromes c/genetics/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Glutathione Peroxidase/majr/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism | Humans | Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism | Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects | Male | Mitochondria/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatogenesis/majr/drug effects | Testis/metabolism | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/chemistry/toxicity | bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics/metabolism Other:PHGPx | mitochondria apoptosis pathway | p,p'-DDE | reproductive toxicity | spermatogenesis |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.22072\",\"10.1002/tox.22072\")","v":"10.1002/tox.22072"},"31","5","593-600","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","C506594:Apaf1 protein, rat|D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D045304:Cytochromes c|D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide|D000080662:Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase|D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase|D053148:Caspase 3|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25370968\",\"25370968\")","v":"25370968"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Persistent organochlorine pollutants and human reproductive health.",1,0,"Toft G","Danish medical journal","Persistent organochlorine pollutants and human reproductive health.    ABSTRACT:  The present dissertation focuses on the reproductive health effects in humans from four diverse populations, including an Inuit population from Greenland, a Swedish population of fishermen and fishermen's wives, and urban populations from the cities of Warsaw in Poland and Kharkiv in Ukraine, representing populations with considerable variations in organochlorine exposure levels due to differences in the consumption of contaminated food items and the period since banning the use of the organochlorines selected in the present study. Due to bioaccumulation and their long half-lives in humans, these compounds are still ubiquitously detected in humans. The study included a total of 2,269 women who provided information via detailed questionnaires and 798 men who provided semen samples. Time to pregnancy varied between the populations included, whereas semen quality was remarkably similar with only minor differences in motility between countries and within regions in Greenland. An extensive quality control programme ensured a low level of variation between analysers in the evaluation of semen quality during semen sample collection. Sperm concentration and morphology were not associated with PCB-153 or DDE exposure, but sperm motility was consistently associated with PCB-153 exposure across populations. Xeno-estrogen, -androgen and dioxin-like activity in serum samples were not consistently associated with semen quality measures, indicating that the associations observed with sperm motility were not caused via direct effects on these receptors. The sperm chromatin structure assay showed a higher level of DNA fragmentation under higher PCB-153 exposure levels in the European populations, but not in the Greenlandic population. Disturbances in the female menstrual cycle were not consistently associated with PCB-153 or DDE exposure across the countries, but our results suggested a higher probability of ever having a spontaneous abortion among women with high PCB-153 or DDE exposure levels. Overall, the results suggest that PCB-153, but probably not DDE, may affect aspects of male and female reproductive functioning in European and Arctic populations at the levels of exposure currently experienced in these populations, although the associations observed did not seem to be a major cause of reduced human fertility.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Fisheries | Food Contamination | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Male | Menstrual Cycle/drug effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Pregnancy | Reproductive Health/majr | Semen Analysis | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Workforce",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"61","11","B4967","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25314142\",\"25314142\")","v":"25314142"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Prenatal exposure to PCB-153, p,p'-DDE and birth outcomes in 9000 mother-child pairs: exposure-response relationship and effect modifiers.",0,0,"Casas M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Martínez D, Ballester F, Basagaña X, Basterrechea M, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Eggesbø M, Fernandez MF, Govarts E, Guxens M, Grimalt JO, Hertz-Picciotto I, Iszatt N, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Kiviranta H, Kogevinas M, Palkovicova L, Ranft U, Schoeters G, Patelarou E, Petersen MS, Torrent M, Trnovec T, Valvi D, Toft GV, Weihe P, Weisglas-Kuperus N, Wilhelm M, Wittsiepe J, Vrijheid M, Bonde JP","Environment international","Prenatal exposure to PCB-153, p,p'-DDE and birth outcomes in 9000 mother-child pairs: exposure-response relationship and effect modifiers.    ABSTRACT:  Low-level exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p-p'-DDE) can impair fetal growth; however, the exposure-response relationship and effect modifiers of such association are not well established. This study is an extension of an earlier European meta-analysis. Our aim was to explore exposure-response relationship between PCB-153 and p-p'-DDE and birth outcomes; to evaluate whether any no exposure-effect level and susceptible subgroups exist; and to assess the role of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG). We used a pooled dataset of 9377 mother-child pairs enrolled in 14 study populations from 11 European birth cohorts. General additive models were used to evaluate the shape of the relationships between organochlorine compounds and birth outcomes. We observed an inverse linear exposure-response relationship between prenatal exposure to PCB-153 and birth weight [decline of 194g (95% CI -314, -74) per 1μg/L increase in PCB-153]. We showed effects on birth weight over the entire exposure range, including at low levels. This reduction seems to be stronger among children of mothers who were non-Caucasian or had smoked during pregnancy. The most susceptible subgroup was girls whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. After adjusting for absolute GWG or estimated fat mass, a reduction in birth weight was still observed. This study suggests that the association between low-level exposure to PCB-153 and birth weight exists and follows an inverse linear exposure-response relationship with effects even at low levels, and that maternal smoking and ethnicity modify this association.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Birth Weight/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome Other:Biomarkers of exposure | Birth weight | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) | Persistent organic pollutants | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.013\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.013\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.013"},"74","","23-31","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278044\",\"25278044\")","v":"25278044"},0,0,0,0,2015,"The PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways elevate thyroid hormone receptor β1 and TRH receptor to decrease thyroid hormones after exposure to PCB153 and p,p'-DDE.",0,0,"Liu C, Li L, Ha M, Qi S, Duan P, Yang K","Chemosphere","The PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways elevate thyroid hormone receptor β1 and TRH receptor to decrease thyroid hormones after exposure to PCB153 and p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  PCBs and DDT cause the disturbance of thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in humans and animals. To test the hypothesis that the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways would play significant roles in TH imbalance caused by PCBs and DDT, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days, and human thyroid follicular epithelial (Nthy-ori 3-1 cell line) were treated with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE for different time. Results showed that serum total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were decreased, whereas serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were not changed. The PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways were activated in vivo and in vitro after the treatment with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE. Moreover, TH receptor β1 (TRβ1) was elevated after the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and was depressed after the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway; TRH receptor (TRHr) was increased after the activation of the ERK pathway and was decreased after the inhibition of the ERK pathway. Though TH receptor α1 (TRα1) level was increased in the hypothalamus, TRα1 and TSHr were not influenced by the status of signaling pathways in in vitro study. Taken together, after exposure to PCB153 and p,p'-DDE, activated PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis via TRβ1 and TRHr and then decrease TH levels, and that would be a potential mechanism by which PCBs and DDT disturb TH homeostasis.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone|Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta|Thyroid Hormones|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Animals | Cell Culture Techniques | Cell Line | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Epithelial Cells/drug effects/metabolism | Humans | Hypothalamus/metabolism | MAP Kinase Signaling System/majr/drug effects | Male | Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/majr/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/majr/metabolism | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/majr/metabolism | Thyroid Gland/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/majr/metabolism | Thyroid Hormones/majr/blood/metabolism Other:ERK | PCB153 | PI3K/Akt | Thyroid hormone receptor β1 | Thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor | p,p′-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.023\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.023\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.023"},"118","","229-38","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D018025:Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone|D037042:Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta|D013963:Thyroid Hormones|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases|D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240159\",\"25240159\")","v":"25240159"},0,0,0,0,2015,"In vitro exposure to the organochlorine p,p'-DDE affects functional human sperm parameters.",0,0,"Tavares RS, Amaral S, Paiva C, Baptista M, Ramalho-Santos J","Chemosphere","In vitro exposure to the organochlorine p,p'-DDE affects functional human sperm parameters.    ABSTRACT:  Although no information exists regarding the levels of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) on reproductive fluids of heavily exposed populations, they are possibly quite high given the serum levels reported so far. In these populations altered semen quality has been reported, although the direct effects of this DDT metabolite on crucial sperm parameters remain largely unexplored. With this in mind, a long-term in vitro incubation that better mimics the putative continuous exposure of spermatozoa to p,p'-DDE in the female reproductive tract in vivo was used. Before compromising sperm viability, continuous p,p'-DDE exposure remarkably decreased sperm motility, possibly due to the combined reduction in the proportion of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP levels, all of which were clearly more affected at 50 and 100 μM p,p'-DDE. Moreover, 25 μM p,p'-DDE was also able to promote a decline in sperm with high MMP, however without significantly affecting motility. On the other hand, p,p'-DDE at the highest concentration strongly inhibited the process of capacitation following 24h of incubation. In conclusion, human sperm function is affected by continuous high p,p'-DDE exposure which may ultimately compromise male fertility. Given our previously findings that showed a non-regulated Ca(2+) entry in the presence of p,p'-DDE, we suggest that this organochlorine may promote mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload which may culminate in a general mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular ATP depletion, thus affecting sperm fertilizing potential. Our findings suggest a broader understanding of the non-genomic mechanism of p,p'-DDE action in human sperm.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Humans | Male | Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial | Semen Analysis | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects Other:Capacitation | Energy status | Human sperm function | Male fertility | Mitochondrial membrane potential | p,p′-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.075\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.075\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.075"},"120","","443-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25222300\",\"25222300\")","v":"25222300"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sperm sex chromosome ratio in men from the Faroe Islands.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4413009\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Kvist L, Giwercman A, Weihe P, Kold Jensen T, Grandjean P, Halling J, Skaalum Petersen M, Lundberg Giwercman Y","Environment international","Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sperm sex chromosome ratio in men from the Faroe Islands.    ABSTRACT:  People in the Arctic as well as fishermen on the polluted Swedish east coast are highly exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These compounds have been shown to affect the sperm Y:X chromosome ratio. In present study, the aim was to investigate whether polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 1,1,-dichloro-2,2,-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDE) influence sperm sex chromosome ratio in Faroese men, and whether these men differ regarding Y:X ratio compared to Greenland Inuit and Swedish fishermen. The study population (n=449) consisted of young men from the general population (n=276) as well as proven fertile men (n=173). The Y:X ratio was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Serum concentrations of POPs were measured using gas chromatography. Associations between POP concentrations and Y:X ratio were calculated using linear and non-linear regression models as well as trend analysis and pairwise comparison of exposure data categorized into quartiles. The selected POPs were associated with Y:X ratio in fertile Faroese men, but not in the total population; p,p'-DDE (95% CI for B=-0.005 to -0.001, p=0.005) and ΣPCB (95% CI for B=-0.005 to -0.001, p=0.012). Since p,p'-DDE and ΣPCB correlated significantly (r=0.927, p<0.001), the results involving the exposure variables can be regarded as a single finding. The Y:X ratio for the total Faroese population was 0.500±0.018, which was statistically significantly lower than in both Inuit and Swedish fishermen (0.512 for both). In conclusion, Faroese men presented with lower Y:X ratio than Greenland Inuit and Swedish fishermen. Although no direct health effects are expected due to the lower Faroese Y:X ratio, it could be indicative of adverse effects on the reproductive system.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Chromosomes, Human, X/majr | Chromosomes, Human, Y/majr | Denmark | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Greenland | Humans | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood | Spermatozoa/chemistry | Sweden Other:PCB | Persistent organic pollutants | Y:X ratio | p,p′-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.001\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.001\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.001"},"73","","359-64","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190505\",\"25190505\")","v":"25190505"},0,0,0,0,2014,"In utero exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and reproductive health in the human male.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4241711\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Vested A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Olsen SF, Bonde JP, Støvring H, Kristensen SL, Halldorsson TI, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Ernst EH, Toft G","Reproduction (Cambridge, England)","In utero exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and reproductive health in the human male.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous, bioaccumulative compounds with potential endocrine-disrupting effects. They cross the placental barrier thereby resulting in in utero exposure of the developing fetus. The objective of this study was to investigate whether maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) during pregnancy are associated with son's semen quality and reproductive hormone levels. During 2008-2009, we recruited 176 male offspring from a Danish cohort of pregnant women who participated in a study in 1988-1989. Each provided semen and blood samples that were analyzed for sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, and morphology, and reproductive hormone levels, respectively. The maternal blood samples were collected in pregnancy week 30 and were analyzed for the concentrations of six PCBs (PCB-118, -138, -153, -156, -170, and -180) and p,p'-DDE. The potential associations between in utero exposure to ΣPCBs (pmol/ml), Σdioxin like-(DL) PCBs (PCB-118 and -156) (pmol/ml), and p,p'-DDE and semen quality and reproductive hormone levels were investigated using multiple regression. Maternal median (range) exposure levels of ΣPCB, ΣDL-PCB, and p,p'-DDE were 10.0 (2.1-35.0) pmol/ml, 0.8 (0.2-2.7) pmol/ml, and 8.0 (0.7-55.3) pmol/ml, respectively, reflecting typical background exposure levels in the late 1980s in Denmark. Results suggested that in utero exposure to ΣPCB, ΣDL-PCB, and p,p'-DDE was not statistically significantly associated with semen quality measures or reproductive hormone levels. Thus, results based on maternal PCB and p,p'-DDE concentrations alone are not indicative of long-term consequences for male reproductive health; however, we cannot exclude that these POPs in concert with other endocrine-modulating compounds may have adverse effects.© 2014 The authors.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Luteinizing Hormone|Follicle Stimulating Hormone|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Estradiol/blood | Female | Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects | Longitudinal Studies | Luteinizing Hormone/blood | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Reproductive Health/majr | Retrospective Studies | Semen Analysis/majr | Surveys and Questionnaires | Testosterone/blood | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/REP-13-0488\",\"10.1530/REP-13-0488\")","v":"10.1530/REP-13-0488"},"148","6","635-46","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D007986:Luteinizing Hormone|D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25113215\",\"25113215\")","v":"25113215"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord serum in a human cohort from South Portugal.",0,0,"Lopes B, Arrebola JP, Serafim A, Company R, Rosa J, Olea N","Chemosphere","Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord serum in a human cohort from South Portugal.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine compounds as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pp'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (pp'DDE) are ubiquitous, resistant to degradation and lipophilic compounds, commonly found in the general population. Prenatal exposure to these compounds has been associated to adverse developmental effects. Levels of PCBs and pp'DDE were investigated in maternal and umbilical cord serum of 68 women/newborns pairs from Algarve, South Portugal. Mean sum PCBs congeners and pp'DDE concentrations were 1.62 ± 0.39 ng mL(-1)and 1.11 ± 0.69 ng mL(-1)-for maternal and 1.45 ± 0.25 ng mL(-1) and 0.85 ± 0.50 ng mL(-1)for cord serum, respectively. Congeners distribution pattern followed the order PCB 153>180>130, both for maternal and cord serum). Significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between maternal and cord serum concentrations. The umbilical cord/maternal serum ratio were 0.90 and 0.76, respectively for ΣPCB and pp'DDE Multivariate analyses relate women in urban centers with higher PCB levels, while higher pp'DDE relates to older primiparous women that live at rural areas. PCBs were also correlated to more portions of fat rich foods, while pp'DDE is associated to higher ingestion of vegetables and fruits. Smoking habits only correlated to maternal PCB. The present work provides, to our knowledge and for the first time, baseline human-biomonitoring data and establishes background ranges of PCB and pp'DDE levels in the maternal and umbilical cord serum in the Algarve region. These compounds exhibited the capacity to pass the placenta barrier and target the fetus. Even in non-industrialized areas, and in non-intensive agriculture areas, like the Southern Portugal, there is a need to take measures to eliminate or minimize the risk of organochlorine exposure during pregnancy.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Eating | Environmental Monitoring | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Humans | Industry | Infant, Newborn | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Portugal | Pregnancy | Young Adult Other:Human biomonitoring | Maternal serum | Organochlorines | PCBs | Umbilical cord | pp′DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.111\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.111\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.111"},"114","","291-302","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084496\",\"25084496\")","v":"25084496"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Interactions between polymorphisms in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway and exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants affect human semen quality.",0,0,"Brokken LJ, Lundberg PJ, Spanò M, Manicardi GC, Pedersen HS, Struciński P, Góralczyk K, Zviezdai V, Jönsson BA, Bonde JP, Toft G, Lundberg Giwercman Y, Giwercman A","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Interactions between polymorphisms in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway and exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants affect human semen quality.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may affect male reproductive function. Many dioxin-like POPs exert their effects by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway. We analysed whether gene-environment interactions between polymorphisms in AHR (R554K) and AHR repressor (AHRR P185A) and serum levels of markers of POP exposure 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) are associated with 21 parameters of male reproductive function in 581 proven-fertile European and Greenlandic men. In Greenlandic men, AHR variants significantly modified the association between serum levels of both p,p'-DDE and CB-153 and inhibin B levels, sperm chromatin integrity, and seminal zinc levels. In the total cohort, interactions between AHRR variants and serum levels of CB-153 were associated with sperm chromatin integrity and the expression of the pro-apoptotic marker protein Fas. The data indicate that susceptibility to adverse effects of POP exposure on male reproductive function is dependent on polymorphisms in genes involved in AHR signalling.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|Repressor Proteins|inhibin B|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Inhibins|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | DNA Fragmentation/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/toxicity | Humans | Inhibins/blood | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/majr | Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/majr/drug effects/genetics | Repressor Proteins/genetics | Semen/drug effects | Semen Analysis/majr | Signal Transduction/majr/drug effects/genetics | Spermatozoa/drug effects Other:Aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor | Cross-sectional studies | DNA damage | Genetic association studies | Gene–environment interaction | Single nucleotide polymorphism |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.073\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.073\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.073"},"49","","65-73","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|D012097:Repressor Proteins|C422364:inhibin B|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D007265:Inhibins|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25062363\",\"25062363\")","v":"25062363"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Prenatal organochlorine and methylmercury exposure and memory and learning in school-age children in communities near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site, Massachusetts.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4216164\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Orenstein ST, Thurston SW, Bellinger DC, Schwartz JD, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Altshul LM, Korrick SA","Environmental health perspectives","Prenatal organochlorine and methylmercury exposure and memory and learning in school-age children in communities near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site, Massachusetts.    ABSTRACT:  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and methylmercury (MeHg) are environmentally persistent with adverse effects on neurodevelopment. However, especially among populations with commonly experienced low levels of exposure, research on neurodevelopmental effects of these toxicants has produced conflicting results.We assessed the association of low-level prenatal exposure to these contaminants with memory and learning.We studied 393 children, born between 1993 and 1998 to mothers residing near a PCB-contaminated harbor in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Cord serum PCB, DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), and maternal peripartum hair mercury (Hg) levels were measured to estimate prenatal exposure. Memory and learning were assessed at 8 years of age (range, 7-11 years) using the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML), age-standardized to a mean ± SD of 100 ± 15. Associations with each WRAML index-Visual Memory, Verbal Memory, and Learning-were examined with multivariable linear regression, controlling for potential confounders.Although cord serum PCB levels were low (sum of four PCBs: mean, 0.3 ng/g serum; range, 0.01-4.4), hair Hg levels were typical of the U.S. fish-eating population (mean, 0.6 μg/g; range, 0.3-5.1). In multivariable models, each microgram per gram increase in hair Hg was associated with, on average, decrements of -2.8 on Visual Memory (95% CI: -5.0, -0.6, p = 0.01), -2.2 on Learning (95% CI: -4.6, 0.2, p = 0.08), and -1.7 on Verbal Memory (95% CI: -3.9, 0.6, p = 0.14). There were no significant adverse associations of PCBs or DDE with WRAML indices.These results support an adverse relationship between low-level prenatal MeHg exposure and childhood memory and learning, particularly visual memory.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Methylmercury Compounds|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury MeSH:  | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/statistics & numerical data | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Hair/chemistry | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects/metabolism/toxicity | Learning/majr/drug effects | Male | Massachusetts/epidemiology | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Memory/majr/drug effects | Mercury/analysis | Methylmercury Compounds/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Multivariate Analysis | Pesticides/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307804\",\"10.1289/ehp.1307804\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1307804"},"122","11","1253-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D008767:Methylmercury Compounds|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24878560\",\"24878560\")","v":"24878560"},0,0,0,0,2014,"PCB153 and p,p'-DDE disorder thyroid hormones via thyroglobulin, deiodinase 2, transthyretin, hepatic enzymes and receptors.",0,0,"Liu C, Ha M, Li L, Yang K","Environmental science and pollution research international","PCB153 and p,p'-DDE disorder thyroid hormones via thyroglobulin, deiodinase 2, transthyretin, hepatic enzymes and receptors.    ABSTRACT:  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT are widespread environmental persistent organic pollutants that have various adverse effects on reproduction, development and endocrine function. In order to elucidate effects of PCBs and DDT on thyroid hormone homeostasis, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with PCB153 and p,p'-DDE intraperitoneally (ip) for five consecutive days and sacrificed within 24 h after the last dose. Results indicated that after combined exposure to PCB153 and p,p'-DDE, total thyroxine , free thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in serum were decreased, whereas free triiodothyronine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone were not affected. Thyroglobulin and transthyretin levels in serum were significantly reduced. mRNA expression of deiodinases 2 (D2) was also suppressed, while D1 and D3 levels were not significantly influenced after combined exposure. PCB153 and p,p'-DDE induced hepatic enzymes, UDPGTs, CYP1A1, CYP2B1, and CYP3A1 mRNA expressions being significantly elevated. Moreover, TRα1, TRβ1, and TRHr expressions in the hypothalamus displayed increasing trends after combined exposure to PCB153 and p,p'-DDE. Taken together, observed results indicate that PCB153 and p,p'-DDE could disorder thyroid hormone homeostasis via thyroglobulin, deiodinase 2, transthyretin, hepatic enzymes, and hormone receptors.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Prealbumin|RNA, Messenger|Receptors, Thyroid Hormone|Triiodothyronine|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Thyrotropin|Thyroglobulin|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Iodide Peroxidase|Cyp3a23-3a1 protein, rat|Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1|Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1|Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A|Glucuronosyltransferase|Thyroxine|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Animals | Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics | Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1/genetics | Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/genetics | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics | Hypothalamus/drug effects/metabolism | Iodide Peroxidase/genetics | Liver/drug effects/enzymology | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Prealbumin/analysis | RNA, Messenger/metabolism | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism | Thyroglobulin/blood | Thyrotropin/blood | Thyroxine/blood | Triiodothyronine/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3093-3\",\"10.1007/s11356-014-3093-3\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-014-3093-3"},"21","19","11361-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D011228:Prealbumin|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone|D014284:Triiodothyronine|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D013972:Thyrotropin|D013954:Thyroglobulin|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D007453:Iodide Peroxidase|C465138:Cyp3a23-3a1 protein, rat|D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1|D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1|D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A|D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase|D013974:Thyroxine|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837163\",\"24837163\")","v":"24837163"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Persistent organic pollutants and children's respiratory health: the role of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers.",0,0,"Gascon M, Sunyer J, Martínez D, Guerra S, Lavi I, Torrent M, Vrijheid M","Environment international","Persistent organic pollutants and children's respiratory health: the role of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers.    ABSTRACT:  Evidence of adverse effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the developmental respiratory and immune systems in children is still limited, and the biological mechanisms behind such effects are not fully understood. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of prenatal DDE, HCB and ΣPCB exposure on children's respiratory health from birth to 14 years and to evaluate the role of immune biomarkers in these associations. We measured prenatal DDE, HCB and ΣPCB levels in 405 participants of the INMA-Menorca birth cohort (Spain) and collected information on wheeze, chest infections, atopy and asthma from birth until the age of 14 years. At age 4 years, 275 children provided serum samples and IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα and C-reactive protein were measured. We applied linear and logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations. Prenatal DDE was associated with wheeze at age 4 years [RR (95% CI) per doubling of concentration=1.35 (1.07, 1.71)], but not thereafter. Prenatal HCB was associated with wheeze [1.58 (1.04, 2.41)] and chest infections [1.89 (1.10, 3.25)] at age 10years. No associations were found with ΣPCBs. IL10 levels increased with increasing POP concentration, with HCB showing the strongest association [β (95% CI)=0.22 (0.02, 0.41)]. IL8, IL10 and TNFα were associated with wheeze and/or chest infections and IL10 was associated with asthma. Prenatal DDE and HCB exposure was associated with respiratory health of children at different ages. This study further suggests a possible role of IL10, but not of the other immune biomarkers examined, as an early marker of chronic immune-related health effects of POPs.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Cytokines|Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Age Factors | Asthma/epidemiology/immunology | Biomarkers/metabolism | Child | Child, Preschool | Cohort Studies | Cytokines/majr/immunology/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/blood/toxicity | Humans | Logistic Models | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology/immunology | Prevalence | Respiratory Sounds/immunology | Respiratory Tract Diseases/majr/epidemiology/immunology | Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/immunology | Spain/epidemiology Other:Asthma | Chest infections | Children | Cytokines | Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) | Wheeze |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.021\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.021\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.021"},"69","","133-40","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D016207:Cytokines|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24832558\",\"24832558\")","v":"24832558"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Endocrine disruption effects of p,p'-DDE on juvenile zebrafish.",0,0,"Monteiro MS, Pavlaki M, Faustino A, Rêma A, Franchi M, Gediel L, Loureiro S, Domingues I, Rendón von Osten J, Mortágua Velho Maia Soares A","Journal of applied toxicology : JAT","Endocrine disruption effects of p,p'-DDE on juvenile zebrafish.    ABSTRACT:  The persistent organic pollutant p,p'-DDE, the major metabolite of the insecticide DDT, has displayed evidence of endocrine disruption through the inhibition of androgen binding to androgen receptors in different species. Although p,p'-DDE was continuously detected in wild fish with abnormal gonad development such as intersex, little is known about its mode of action during gonad development in fish. To elucidate the potential endocrine effects of this pollutant in zebrafish (Danio rerio), juveniles (30 days post hatch) were exposed to p,p'-DDE during the critical window of sexual differentiation. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 20 µg l(-1) over 14 days and were maintained in control water for an additional 4 months. As core endpoints, the vitellogenin (vtg) concentration was measured at the end of exposure, and sex ratio and the gonadosomatic index were assessed 4 months after the end of exposure. An increase in vtg production in whole body homogenate was observed in fish exposed to 0.2 and 2.0 µg l(-1) p,p'-DDE. No significant differences were displayed in morphological parameters such as the gonadosomatic index of males and females or sex ratio. However, exposed females presented histopathological changes that include the reduction of the number of mature oocytes, which might impair their successful reproduction. These results demonstrate the ability of p,p'-DDE to cause endocrine disruption in zebrafish exposed during gonad differentiation of juvenile specimens. Furthermore, vtg induction by p,p'-DDE in juvenile zebrafish arises as a predictive marker for adverse effects of this DDT metabolite on the ovarian function of female zebrafish.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Vitellogenins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Female | Lethal Dose 50 | Male | Ovary/drug effects/growth & development/pathology | Sex Differentiation/majr/drug effects | Sex Ratio | Toxicity Tests, Acute | Toxicity Tests, Subacute | Vitellogenins/metabolism | Zebrafish/majr/growth & development/metabolism Other:Danio rerio | antiandrogen | ecotoxicology | fish | histopathology | persistent organic pollutant | pesticide | vitellogenin |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.3014\",\"10.1002/jat.3014\")","v":"10.1002/jat.3014"},"35","3","253-60","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D014819:Vitellogenins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812027\",\"24812027\")","v":"24812027"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Prenatal and 5-year p,p'-DDE exposures are associated with altered sensory processing in school-aged children in Nunavik: a visual evoked potential study.",0,0,"Cartier C, Muckle G, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Dewailly E, Ayotte P, Chevrier C, Saint-Amour D","Neurotoxicology","Prenatal and 5-year p,p'-DDE exposures are associated with altered sensory processing in school-aged children in Nunavik: a visual evoked potential study.    ABSTRACT:  Due to their geographic location and traditional diet, rich in seafood and marine mammals, the Inuit living in Arctic Quebec are exposed to high amounts of pollutants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). While the adverse developmental effects of these pesticides on child cognitive functions are well known, the effects of developmental exposure to OP on sensory processes have not been investigated. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the effects of prenatal and childhood exposure to 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) and its major metabolite 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), on visual processing in Inuit children in Nunavik (Arctic Québec). p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE concentrations were determined from umbilical cord and 5- and 11-year plasma samples. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were successfully recorded in 150 children at 4 contrast levels (95%, 30%, 12%, and 4%). Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to determine the association between p,p'-DDT, or p,p'-DDE, exposure and VEPs while controlling for the effects of various confounders, including fish nutrients and other contaminants. p,p'-DDE measured in umbilical cord plasma was significantly related to the amplitude of the N150 response at the lowest contrast (4%). In addition, 5-year p,p'-DDE plasma concentration was significantly associated with decreased N75 amplitude. These findings indicate that p,p'-DDE exposure, both pre- and postnatally, during early childhood is associated with visual processing impairment later in life.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Brain/majr/drug effects/physiopathology | Child | DDT/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Evoked Potentials, Visual | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Photic Stimulation | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Quebec Other:Neurotoxicity | Sensory processing | Visual evoked potentials | p,p′-DDE | p,p′-DDT |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2014.04.009\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2014.04.009\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2014.04.009"},"44","","8-16","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24802554\",\"24802554\")","v":"24802554"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and fibroids: results from the ENDO study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4410838\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Trabert B, Chen Z, Kannan K, Peterson CM, Pollack AZ, Sun L, Buck Louis GM","Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and fibroids: results from the ENDO study.    ABSTRACT:  To evaluate the association between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and uterine fibroids, we used previously collected data from a cohort of women aged 18-44 years undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy at 14 participating hospital surgical centers (n=473). POP concentrations were measured in omental fat and serum. Presence of fibroids was defined on the basis of a postoperative diagnosis (n=99). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each POP by biologic medium were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for identified covariates. Concentrations were higher in omental fat than in serum for all POPs. Serum p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) was the only POP associated with fibroids (per 1-SD increase in log-transformed p,p'-DDE OR (95% CI): 1.37 (1.05-1.80)). In analyses excluding women diagnosed with endometriosis, a number of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) measured in omental fat were associated with fibroids (PCB 99: 1.64 (1.08, 2.49); PCB 138: 1.64 (1.03, 2.59); PCB 146: 1.54 (1.01, 2.37); PCB 153: 1.88 (1.12, 3.13); PCB 196: 1.60 (1.02, 2.51); PCB 206: 1.52 (1.01, 2.29)). Although exploratory, our study suggests that PCBs may be associated with fibroids in the absence of other gynecologic disorders such as endometriosis, but the associations varied by biologic media with more POPs emerging when quantified in fat.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/toxicity | Female | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis/toxicity | Intra-Abdominal Fat/chemistry | Leiomyoma/majr/chemically induced | Logistic Models | Odds Ratio | Omentum/chemistry | Risk Factors | Uterine Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2014.31\",\"10.1038/jes.2014.31\")","v":"10.1038/jes.2014.31"},"25","3","278-85","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24793071\",\"24793071\")","v":"24793071"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Association between environmental exposure to p, p'-DDE and lindane and semen quality.",0,0,"Pant N, Shukla M, Upadhyay AD, Chaturvedi PK, Saxena DK, Gupta YK","Environmental science and pollution research international","Association between environmental exposure to p, p'-DDE and lindane and semen quality.    ABSTRACT:  Scientific concern exists about the toxic effect of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p'-DDE) and lindane on male infertility, and the mechanism underlying male reproductive toxicity of this pesticide remains unanswered. We investigated not only the possible association between the chlorinated pesticide levels and semen quality in nonoccupationally exposed men, but also the probable mode of action using mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). A study in 278 men (21-40 years old) who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, KGMU, Lucknow, for semen analysis was conducted. We performed semen analysis according to the WHO guidelines, while p, p'-DDE and lindane analysis was done by the GLC and LPO by the spectrophotometer, and the sperm mitochondrial status, ROS, and SCSA with the flow cytometer. The questionnaire data showed no significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups, i.e., trying to conceive >1 year and proven fertility. However, a significant difference in the concentration of p, p'-DDE and lindane was observed between the groups. When the subjects were divided among four categories by quartile of exposure, the subjects in the highest quartile showed low sperm motility as compared to the subjects in the lowest quartile. Pearson's correlation showed a significant negative correlation between semen p, p'-DDE, lindane level, and sperm quality and positive association with the number of cells with depolarized mitochondria, elevation in ROS production and LPO, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). The findings are suggestive that these toxicants might cause a decline in semen quality, and these effects might be ROS, LPO, and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Reactive Oxygen Species|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Adult | Case-Control Studies | DNA Fragmentation | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Flow Cytometry | Hexachlorocyclohexane/majr/toxicity | Humans | Infertility, Male/majr/chemically induced | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Lipid Peroxidation | Male | Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects | Pregnancy | Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism | Reproduction | Semen Analysis | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatozoa/drug effects/physiology | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2965-x\",\"10.1007/s11356-014-2965-x\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-014-2965-x"},"21","18","11009-16","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24776790\",\"24776790\")","v":"24776790"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Prenatal exposure to DDE and PCB 153 and respiratory health in early childhood: a meta-analysis.",0,0,"Gascon M, Sunyer J, Casas M, Martínez D, Ballester F, Basterrechea M, Bonde JP, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Eggesbø M, Esplugues A, Govarts E, Hannu K, Ibarluzea J, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Klümper C, Koppen G, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Palkovicova L, Pelé F, Polder A, Schoeters G, Torrent M, Trnovec T, Vassilaki M, Vrijheid M","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","Prenatal exposure to DDE and PCB 153 and respiratory health in early childhood: a meta-analysis.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants may affect the immune and respiratory systems, but available evidence is based on small study populations. We studied the association between prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB 153) and children's respiratory health in European birth cohorts.We included 4608 mothers and children enrolled in 10 birth cohort studies from 7 European countries. Outcomes were parent-reported bronchitis and wheeze in the first 4 years of life. For each cohort, we performed Poisson regression analyses, modeling occurrences of the outcomes on the estimates of cord-serum concentrations of PCB 153 and DDE as continuous variables (per doubling exposure) and as cohort-specific tertiles. Summary estimates were obtained through random-effects meta-analyses.The risk of bronchitis or wheeze (combined variable) assessed before 18 months of age increased with increasing DDE exposure (relative risk [RR] per doubling exposure = 1.03 [95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.07]). When these outcomes were analyzed separately, associations appeared stronger for bronchitis. We also found an association between increasing PCB 153 exposure and bronchitis in this period (RR per doubling exposure = 1.06 [1.01-1.12]) but not between PCB 153 and wheeze. No associations were found between either DDE or PCB 153 and ever-wheeze assessed after 18 months. Inclusion of both compounds in the models attenuated risk estimates for PCB 153 tertiles of exposure, whereas DDE associations were more robust.This large meta-analysis suggests that prenatal DDE exposure may be associated with respiratory health symptoms in young children (below 18 months), whereas prenatal PCB 153 levels were not associated with such symptoms.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Bronchitis/chemically induced/epidemiology | Child, Preschool | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Europe/epidemiology | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Male | Poisson Distribution | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Respiratory Sounds/etiology | Respiratory Tract Diseases/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Risk Factors | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000097\",\"10.1097/EDE.0000000000000097\")","v":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000000097"},"25","4","544-53","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24742724\",\"24742724\")","v":"24742724"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and body composition at age 7-9 years.",0,0,"Delvaux I, Van Cauwenberghe J, Den Hond E, Schoeters G, Govarts E, Nelen V, Baeyens W, Van Larebeke N, Sioen I","Environmental research","Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and body composition at age 7-9 years.    ABSTRACT:  The study aim was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the body composition of 7 to 9 year old Flemish children. The subjects were 114 Flemish children (50% boys) that took part in the first Flemish Environment and Health Study (2002-2006). Cadmium, PCBs, dioxins, p,p'-DDE and HCB were analysed in cord blood/plasma. When the child reached 7-9 years, height, weight, waist circumference and skinfolds were measured. Significant associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and indicators of body composition were only found in girls. After adjustment for confounders and covariates, a significant negative association was found in girls between prenatal cadmium exposure and weight, BMI and waist circumference (indicator of abdominal fat) and the sum of four skinfolds (indicator of subcutaneous fat). In contrast, a significant positive association (after adjustment for confounders/covariates) was found between prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure and waist circumference as well as waist/height ratio in girls (indicators of abdominal fat). No significant associations were found for prenatal PCBs, dioxins and HCB exposure after adjustment for confounders/covariates. This study suggests a positive association between prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure and indicators of abdominal fat and a negative association between prenatal cadmium exposure and indicators of both abdominal as well as subcutaneous fat in girls between 7 and 9 years old.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Cadmium|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Body Composition/majr/drug effects | Cadmium/majr/toxicity | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Male | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr Other:Body composition | Children | Endocrine disruptors | Growth | Prenatal exposure |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.019\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.019\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.019"},"132","","24-32","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D002104:Cadmium|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24742723\",\"24742723\")","v":"24742723"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT in relation to lower respiratory tract infections in boys from a highly exposed area of Mexico.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4797060\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Cupul-Uicab LA, Terrazas-Medina EA, Hernández-Ávila M, Longnecker MP","Environmental research","Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT in relation to lower respiratory tract infections in boys from a highly exposed area of Mexico.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major breakdown product of DDT, has been associated with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants. However, epidemiological investigations are limited.To assess the association of prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT with the occurrence of LRTI in boys from Chiapas, a highly exposed area of Mexico.We analyzed data from 747 singleton boys whose prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT was determined in maternal serum drawn at delivery (2002-2003). LRTI (i.e., pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and other illness of the bronchi) experienced by the children were reported by their mothers during in-person interviews. The median age of the children when they were last seen was 21.4 months (quartiles 19.1 and 25.3 months).Median exposure to p,p'-DDE in this population was higher (2.7 µg/g lipid) than recent U.S. levels (0.20 µg/g). There were 0.19 episodes of LRTI per child-year. After adjusting for potential confounders, children in the highest category of p,p'-DDE (>9.00 µg/g) exposure compared to those in the lowest (≤ 3.00 µg/g) had an adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of LRTI of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-1.46). The corresponding aIRR for p,p'-DDT (≥ 2.00 µg/g compared to ≤ 0.25 µg/g) was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.30-1.39).An association of prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT with LRTI during childhood was not supported in this population with relatively high levels of exposure.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Bronchitis/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Child, Preschool | DDT/majr/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Infant | Male | Mexico/epidemiology | Pneumonia/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Young Adult Other:Boys | Lower respiratory tract infections | Prenatal exposure | p,p′-DDE | p,p′-DDT |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.017\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.017\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.017"},"132","","19-23","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24722999\",\"24722999\")","v":"24722999"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and obesity at 9 years of age in the CHAMACOS study cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4036208\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Warner M, Wesselink A, Harley KG, Bradman A, Kogut K, Eskenazi B","American journal of epidemiology","Prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and obesity at 9 years of age in the CHAMACOS study cohort.    ABSTRACT:  In-utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE), has been hypothesized to increase the risk of obesity later in life. We examined the associations of maternal serum concentrations of DDT and DDE during pregnancy with body mass index, obesity, waist circumference, and percentage of body fat in 9-year-old children (n = 261) in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study in the Salinas Valley, California (2000-2010). We found associations between prenatal exposure to DDT and DDE and several measures of obesity at 9 years of age in boys but not in girls. For example, among boys, 10-fold increases in prenatal DDT and DDE concentrations were associated with increased odds of becoming overweight or obese (for o,p'-DDT, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 6.3; for p,p'-DDT, adjusted OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.5; and for p,p'-DDE, adjusted OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 0.94, 4.13). The odds ratios for girls were nonsignificant. Results were similar for body mass index z score, waist circumference z score, and odds of increased waist circumference but were less consistent for percentage of body fat. The difference by sex persisted after considering pubertal status. These results provide support for the chemical obesogen hypothesis.© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adiposity/drug effects | Adolescent | Adult | Biomarkers/blood | Body Mass Index | California | Child | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Humans | Logistic Models | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Odds Ratio | Pediatric Obesity/majr/chemically induced | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Sex Factors | Waist Circumference/drug effects | Young Adult Other:body mass index | children | dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene | dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | obesity | prenatal exposure |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu046\",\"10.1093/aje/kwu046\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kwu046"},"179","11","1312-22","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24576709\",\"24576709\")","v":"24576709"},0,0,0,0,2014,"The orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 is involved in the effect of PCBs, DDT, and DDE on the secretion of steroid hormones and oxytocin from bovine luteal cells during the estrous cycle in vitro.",0,0,"Mlynarczuk J, Wrobel MH, Kotwica J","Theriogenology","The orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 is involved in the effect of PCBs, DDT, and DDE on the secretion of steroid hormones and oxytocin from bovine luteal cells during the estrous cycle in vitro.    ABSTRACT:  The orphan receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) is involved in the regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in cows. It is hypothesized that estrogen-like chlorinated compounds might affect SF-1, and thus impair the function of the ovary. Bovine luteal cells from the estrous cycle (Days: 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-19) were treated for 50 hours with DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene, 3,3'4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl or 2'2'4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (each at a dose of 10 ng/mL). Luteal cells were also treated with 4-(heptyloxy)phenol (1 × 10(-7) M), an SF-1 agonist, and F0160 (1 × 10(-6) M), an SF-1 blocker, jointly or separately. The secretion of progesterone and oxytocin and the expression of oxytocin precursor (NP-I/OT) messenger RNA were increased (P < 0.05) by all studied xenobiotics and 4-(heptyloxy)phenol, although they were inhibited (P < 0.05) by F0160. However, the xenobiotics did not affect (P > 0.05) SF-1 messenger RNA expression. In summary, SF-1 is involved in the adverse effect of chlorinated xenobiotics on the regulation of the bovine CL.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Steroidogenic Factor 1|Steroids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Oxytocin|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle/majr | Cells, Cultured | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Estrous Cycle/majr/physiology | Female | Gene Expression Regulation/physiology | Luteal Cells/majr/metabolism | Oxytocin/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Steroidogenic Factor 1/majr/metabolism | Steroids/metabolism Other:Chlorinated xenobiotics | Cow | Luteal cell | Oxytocin | Progesterone | Steroidogenic factor-1 |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.016\",\"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.016\")","v":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.016"},"81","7","877-86","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1|D013256:Steroids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D010121:Oxytocin|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24401561\",\"24401561\")","v":"24401561"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Chlordecone exposure, length of gestation, and risk of preterm birth.",0,0,"Kadhel P, Monfort C, Costet N, Rouget F, Thomé JP, Multigner L, Cordier S","American journal of epidemiology","Chlordecone exposure, length of gestation, and risk of preterm birth.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants have not been conclusively associated with length of gestation or with preterm birth. Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies. Data from the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007 were used to examine the associations of chlordecone concentrations in maternal plasma with the length of gestation and the rate preterm birth in 818 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression for length of gestation and a Cox model for preterm birth. The median plasma chlordecone concentration was 0.39 µg/L (interquartile range, 0.18-0.83). No correlation was observed with plasma concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (ρ = 0.017) or polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (ρ = -0.016), the other main organochlorine compounds detected. A 1-log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was associated with a decreased length of gestation (-0.27 weeks; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.03) and an increased risk of preterm birth (60%; 95% confidence interval: 10, 130). These associations may result from the estrogen-like and progestin-like properties of chlordecone. These results are of public health relevance because of the prolonged persistence of chlordecone in the environment and the high background rate of preterm births in this population.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Chlordecone MeSH:  | Adult | Chlordecone/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Gestational Age | Guadeloupe/epidemiology | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Linear Models | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy/blood | Premature Birth/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Proportional Hazards Models | Risk Factors | Young Adult Other:French West Indies | chlordecone | length of gestation | persistent organic pollutants | pesticides | preterm birth |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt313\",\"10.1093/aje/kwt313\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kwt313"},"179","5","536-44","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D007631:Chlordecone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24375655\",\"24375655\")","v":"24375655"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Effects of age, sex, and persistent organic pollutants on DNA methylation in children.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4410811\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Huen K, Yousefi P, Bradman A, Yan L, Harley KG, Kogut K, Eskenazi B, Holland N","Environmental and molecular mutagenesis","Effects of age, sex, and persistent organic pollutants on DNA methylation in children.    ABSTRACT:  Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation may be a molecular mechanism through which environmental exposures affect health. Methylation of Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) is a well-established measure of DNA methylation often used in epidemiologic studies. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of host factors on LINE-1 and Alu methylation in children. We characterized the relationship of age, sex, and prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), with DNA methylation in a birth cohort of Mexican-American children participating in the CHAMACOS study. We measured Alu and LINE-1 methylation by pyrosequencing bisulfite-treated DNA isolated from whole blood samples collected from newborns and nine-year old children (n = 358). POPs were measured in maternal serum during late pregnancy. Levels of DNA methylation were lower in nine-year olds compared to newborns and were higher in boys compared to girls. Higher prenatal DDT/E exposure was associated with lower Alu methylation at birth, particularly after adjusting for cell type composition (P = 0.02 for o,p' -DDT). Associations of POPs with LINE-1 methylation were only identified after examining the co-exposure of DDT/E with PBDEs simultaneously. Our data suggest that repeat element methylation can be an informative marker of epigenetic differences by age and sex and that prenatal exposure to POPs may be linked to hypomethylation in fetal blood. Accounting for co-exposure to different types of chemicals and adjusting for blood cell types may increase sensitivity of epigenetic analyses for epidemiological studies.Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|Organic Chemicals|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|pentabromodiphenyl ether|DDT MeSH:  | Age Factors | Alu Elements | Cell Count | Child | Cohort Studies | DDT/toxicity | DNA Methylation/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Epigenesis, Genetic | Female | Fetal Blood | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/toxicity | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements | Male | Maternal Exposure | Mexican Americans | Organic Chemicals/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Sex Factors Other:Alu | DDE | DDT | LINE-1 | PBDE | co-exposure | epigenetics |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.21845\",\"10.1002/em.21845\")","v":"10.1002/em.21845"},"55","3","209-22","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|D009930:Organic Chemicals|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24215672\",\"24215672\")","v":"24215672"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Involvement of the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in the effect of PCBs, DDT and DDE on the secretion of steroid hormones and oxytocin from bovine granulosa cells.",0,0,"Mlynarczuk J, Wrobel MH, Ziolkowska A, Kotwica J","Animal reproduction science","Involvement of the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in the effect of PCBs, DDT and DDE on the secretion of steroid hormones and oxytocin from bovine granulosa cells.    ABSTRACT:  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolite (DDE) belong to estrogen-like endocrine disruptors. However, though their activity is approximately 1000-fold lower than the activity of estradiol (E2), this steroid's high concentration in follicular fluid and incubation media does not inhibit the influence of these xenobiotics. It was hypothesized that these xenobiotics might affect Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) and impair ovary function. To test this hypothesis, granulosa cells were obtained from ovarian follicles >1 or <1cm in diameter, which were treated with PCB-77, PCB-153, DDT or DDE (each at 10ng/ml), alone or jointly with an SF-1 antagonist (F0160). Treatment with the SF-1 antagonist inhibited (P<0.05) the secretion of P4 from cells of both sizes of follicles, as induced (P<0.05) by an SF-1 activator (HxP), DDE or PCB-153. All xenobiotics and HxP stimulated (P<0.05) the synthesis and secretion of oxytocin (OT). However, the effect on mRNA expression for NP-I/OT, which is OT precursor, was inhibited (P<0.05) by F0160 in all cultures treated with PCB-77, except for granulosa cells derived from follicles <1cm. Moreover, F0160 inhibited the effect on OT secretion of HxP, as well as all xenobiotics except for PCB-77 and DDE, in granulosa cells derived from follicles <1cm. Xenobiotic treatment did not affect (P>0.05) the expression for SF-1 mRNA. It is suggested that the SF-1 receptor may be involved in the adverse effects of xenobiotics on P4 secretion as well as the synthesis and secretion of OT.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dioxanes|Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Isoquinolines|Orphan Nuclear Receptors|Steroidogenic Factor 1|ethyl 2-(2-(2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-7-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-1-oxoisoquinolin-5-yl)oxypropanoate|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Oxytocin|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Cells, Cultured | DDT/majr/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacology | Dioxanes/pharmacology | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/majr/metabolism | Granulosa Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Isoquinolines/pharmacology | Orphan Nuclear Receptors/physiology | Oxytocin/majr/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/pharmacology | Steroidogenic Factor 1/majr/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology Other:DDT | Granulosa | Oxytocin | PCBs | SF-1 | Steroidogenesis |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.10.007\",\"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.10.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.10.007"},"143","1-4","30-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004146:Dioxanes|D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D007546:Isoquinolines|D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors|D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1|C000591236:ethyl 2-(2-(2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-7-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-1-oxoisoquinolin-5-yl)oxypropanoate|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D010121:Oxytocin|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24213010\",\"24213010\")","v":"24213010"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Effects of transovarian exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE on avian reproduction using Japanese quails.",0,0,"Kamata R, Shiraishi F, Takahashi S, Shimizu A, Nakajima D, Kageyama S, Sasaki T, Temma K","The Journal of toxicological sciences","Effects of transovarian exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE on avian reproduction using Japanese quails.    ABSTRACT:  In the 1950s to 1970s developed countries reported declines in populations of raptorial and fish-eating birds and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites were considered causative substances because they accumulated significantly in the tissues of wild birds and animals. However, except for the estrogenic effects of o,p'-DDT, a minor component of commercial DDT, there has been no compelling evidence that DDT directly affects avian reproductive systems. To assess the possible impact of DDT on development and reproduction of birds, exposure experiments to the major component of commercial DDT, p,p'-DDT, and its persistent metabolite, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were performed using Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs; the test substances (3 to 100 μg/g) were injected into the yolk prior to incubation, and hatched chicks were raised to adulthood. p,p'-DDT had no significant effects on the morphology and function of the reproductive systems, although the hatchability of treated eggs was reduced at the highest dose (100 μg/g). High doses of p,p'-DDE slightly enhanced the eggshell forming ability of female quails; eggshell mass and thickness were increased at 30 μg/g or more although no morphological changes were observed in the oviduct. Transcriptions of the CYP11A1 gene in the ovaries, and of AHR and ARNT in the livers, of adult females were significantly increased at 3 μg/g or more of p,p'-DDT. Except for low hatchability, transovarian exposure to p,p'-DDT or p,p'-DDE did not markedly impair the avian reproductive systems, but the hormonal actions of these compounds are likely to change reproductive and hepatic functions even after maturation.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|o,p'-DDT|Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme MeSH:  | Animals | Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism | Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics | Coturnix/majr/physiology | DDT/majr/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Embryo, Nonmammalian/majr/drug effects/physiology | Embryonic Development/drug effects | Female | Liver/metabolism | Ovary/enzymology | Oviducts/drug effects | Ovum/majr/drug effects/physiology | Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Transcription, Genetic/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.38.903\",\"10.2131/jts.38.903\")","v":"10.2131/jts.38.903"},"38","6","903-12","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|C016340:o,p'-DDT|D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24182618\",\"24182618\")","v":"24182618"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Assessing reproductive and endocrine parameters in male largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) along a contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, USA.",0,0,"Jenkins JA, Olivier HM, Draugelis-Dale RO, Eilts BE, Torres L, Patiño R, Nilsen E, Goodbred SL","The Science of the total environment","Assessing reproductive and endocrine parameters in male largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) along a contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, USA.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organochlorine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are stable, bioaccumulative, and widely found in the environment, wildlife, and the human population. To explore the hypothesis that reproduction in male fish is associated with environmental exposures in the lower Columbia River (LCR), reproductive and endocrine parameters were studied in male resident, non-anadromous largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) (LSS) in the same habitats as anadromous salmonids having conservation status. Testes, thyroid tissue and plasma collected in 2010 from Longview (LV), Columbia City (CC), and Skamania (SK; reference) were studied. Sperm morphologies and thyrocyte heights were measured by light microscopy, sperm motilities by computer-assisted sperm motion analysis, sperm adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with luciferase, and plasma vitellogenin (VTG), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) by immunoassay. Sperm apoptosis, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and reproductive stage were measured by flow cytometry. Sperm quality parameters (except counts) and VTG were significantly different among sites, with correlations between VTG and 7 sperm parameters. Thyrocyte heights, T4, T3, gonadosomatic index and Fulton's condition factor differed among sites, but not significantly. Sperm quality was significantly lower and VTG higher where liver contaminants and water estrogen equivalents were highest (LV site). Total PCBs (specifically PCB-138, -146, -151, -170, -174, -177, -180, -183, -187, -194, and -206) and total PBDEs (specifically BDE-47, -100, -153, and -154) were negatively correlated with sperm motility. PCB-206 and BDE-154 were positively correlated with DNA fragmentation, and pentachloroanisole and VTG were positively correlated with sperm apoptosis and negatively correlated with ATP. BDE-99 was positively correlated with sperm counts and motility; T4 was negatively correlated with counts and positively correlated with motility, thus indicating possible androgenic mechanisms and thyroid endocrine disruption. Male LSS proved to be an informative model for studying reproductive and endocrine biomarkers in the LCR.© 2013.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: 2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether|Endocrine Disruptors|Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|Polybrominated Biphenyls|Vitellogenins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|hexabromodiphenyl ether 154|Thyroxine MeSH:  | Animals | Cypriniformes/majr/physiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/analysis/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring/majr | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/metabolism/toxicity | Humans | Male | Polybrominated Biphenyls/metabolism/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism/toxicity | Reproduction/physiology | Rivers | Thyroxine/metabolism | Vitellogenins/metabolism | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/toxicity Other:Apoptosis | DNA fragmentation | Flow cytometry | Motility | Sperm | Thyroid hormones |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097"},"484","","365-78","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","C477694:2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls|D014819:Vitellogenins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C029790:2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C533761:hexabromodiphenyl ether 154|D013974:Thyroxine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153349\",\"24153349\")","v":"24153349"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Association between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and obesity development at ages 5 and 7 y: a prospective cohort study of 656 children from the Faroe Islands.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3862459\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Tang-Péronard JL, Heitmann BL, Andersen HR, Steuerwald U, Grandjean P, Weihe P, Jensen TK","The American journal of clinical nutrition","Association between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and obesity development at ages 5 and 7 y: a prospective cohort study of 656 children from the Faroe Islands.    ABSTRACT:  Chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities may act as obesogens and interfere with the body's natural weight-control mechanisms, especially if exposure occurs during prenatal life.We examined the association between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and subsequent obesity at 5 and 7 y of age.From 1997 to 2000, 656 pregnant Faroese women were recruited. PCB and DDE were measured in maternal serum and breast milk, and children's weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured at clinical examinations at 5 and 7 y of age. The change in body mass index (BMI) from 5 to 7 y of age was calculated. Analyses were performed by using multiple linear regression models for girls and boys separately, taking into account maternal prepregnancy BMI.For 7-y-old girls who had overweight mothers, PCB was associated with increased BMI (β = 2.07, P = 0.007), and PCB and DDE were associated with an increased change in BMI from 5 to 7 y of age (PCB: β = 1.23, P = 0.003; DDE: β = 1.11, P = 0.008). No association was observed with BMI in girls with normal-weight mothers. PCB was associated with increased WC in girls with overweight mothers (β = 2.48, P = 0.001) and normal-weight mothers (β = 1.25, P = 0.04); DDE was associated with increased WC only in girls with overweight mothers (β = 2.21, P = 0.002). No associations were observed between PCB or DDE and BMI in 5-y-old girls. For boys, no associations were observed.Results suggest that prenatal exposure to PCB and DDE may play a role for subsequent obesity development. Girls whose mothers have a high prepregnancy BMI seem most affected.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Body Mass Index | Body Weight/drug effects | Child | Child, Preschool | Denmark | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Humans | Linear Models | Male | Maternal Exposure | Milk, Human/chemistry | Obesity/majr/chemically induced | Overweight/blood/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Prospective Studies | Waist Circumference/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.066720\",\"10.3945/ajcn.113.066720\")","v":"10.3945/ajcn.113.066720"},"99","1","5-13","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067601\",\"24067601\")","v":"24067601"},0,0,0,0,2013,"p,p'-DDE activates CatSper and compromises human sperm function at environmentally relevant concentrations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3829580\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Tavares RS, Mansell S, Barratt CL, Wilson SM, Publicover SJ, Ramalho-Santos J","Human reproduction (Oxford, England)","p,p'-DDE activates CatSper and compromises human sperm function at environmentally relevant concentrations.    ABSTRACT:  Is the environmental endocrine disruptor p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) able to induce non-genomic changes in human sperm and consequently affect functional sperm parameters?p,p'-DDE promoted Ca(2+) flux into human sperm by activating CatSper channels even at doses found in human reproductive fluids, ultimately compromising sperm parameters important for fertilization.p,p'-DDE may promote non-genomic actions and interact directly with pre-existing signaling pathways, as already observed in other cell types. However, although often found in both male and female reproductive fluids, its effects on human spermatozoa function are not known.Normozoospermic sperm samples from healthy individuals were included in this study. Samples were exposed to several p,p'-DDE concentrations for 3 days at 37°C and 5% CO2 in vitro to mimic the putative continuous exposure to this toxicant in the female reproductive tract in vivo. Shorter p,p'-DDE incubation periods were also performed in order to monitor sperm rapid Ca(2+) responses. All experiments were repeated on a minimum of five sperm samples from different individuals.All healthy individuals were recruited at the Biosciences School, University of Birmingham, the Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee and in the Human Reproduction Service at University Hospitals of Coimbra. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) was monitored by imaging single spermatozoa loaded with Oregon Green BAPTA-1AM and further whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to validate our results. Sperm viability and acrosomal integrity were assessed using the LIVE/DEAD sperm vitality kit and the acrosomal content marker PSA-FITC, respectively.p,p'-DDE rapidly increased [Ca(2+)]i (P < 0.05) even at extremely low doses (1 pM and 1 nM), with magnitudes of response up to 200%, without affecting sperm viability, except after 3 days of continuous exposure to the highest concentration tested (P < 0.05). Furthermore, experiments performed in a low Ca(2+) medium demonstrated that extracellular Ca(2+) influx was responsible for this Ca(2+) increase (P < 0.01). Mibefradil and NNC 55-0396, both inhibitors of the sperm-specific CatSper channel, reversed the p,p'-DDE-induced [Ca(2+)]i rise, suggesting the participation of CatSper in this process (P < 0.05). In fact, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings confirmed CatSper as a target of p,p'-DDE action by monitoring an increase in CatSper currents of >100% (P < 0.01). Finally, acrosomal integrity was adversely affected after 2 days of exposure to p,p'-DDE concentrations, suggesting that [Ca(2+)]i rise may cause premature acrosome reaction (P < 0.05).This is an in vitro study, and caution must be taken when extrapolating the results.A novel non-genomic p,p'-DDE mechanism specific to sperm is shown in this study. p,p'-DDE was able to induce [Ca(2+)]i rise in human sperm through the opening of CatSper consequently compromising male fertility. The promiscuous nature of CatSper activation may predispose human sperm to the action of some persistent endocrine disruptors.The study was supported by both the Portuguese National Science Foundation (FCT; PEst-C/SAU/LA0001/2011) and the UK Wellcome Trust (Grant #86470). SM was supported by the Infertility Research Trust. RST is a recipient of a PhD fellowship from FCT (SFRH/BD/46002/2008). None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzimidazoles|CATSPER1 protein, human|Calcium Channels|Cyclopropanes|Endocrine Disruptors|Naphthalenes|NNC 55-0396|Mibefradil|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Calcium MeSH:  | Benzimidazoles/pharmacology | Calcium/majr/metabolism | Calcium Channels/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Calcium Signaling/drug effects | Cell Survival/drug effects | Cyclopropanes | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Humans | In Vitro Techniques | Male | Mibefradil/pharmacology | Naphthalenes | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects/physiology Other:Ca2+ influx | CatSper | acrosome reaction | intracellular Ca2+ concentration | p,p′-DDE |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/det372\",\"10.1093/humrep/det372\")","v":"10.1093/humrep/det372"},"28","12","3167-77","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001562:Benzimidazoles|C438823:CATSPER1 protein, human|D015220:Calcium Channels|D003521:Cyclopropanes|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D009281:Naphthalenes|C484287:NNC 55-0396|D020748:Mibefradil|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D002118:Calcium|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23979533\",\"23979533\")","v":"23979533"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Ecotoxicity of pp'DDE to Daphnia magna.",0,0,"Bettinetti R, Croce V, Noè F, Ponti B, Quadroni S, Galassi S","Ecotoxicology (London, England)","Ecotoxicity of pp'DDE to Daphnia magna.    ABSTRACT:  pp'-Dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (pp'DDE), a metabolite of pp'-dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane poses a risk for many ecosystems in spite of the banning of the parent compound because of its persistence and bioaccumulability. Nevertheless, the knowledge of acute and chronic toxicity on aquatic organisms is still very poor. In the present study, Daphnia magna was exposed to varying concentrations of pp'DDE in water and through diet to determine both acute toxicity and potential for effects on reproduction and survivability. The 48 h IC50 was 5.08 μg L(-1) (3.76-7.01 μg L(-1)). As pp'DDE concentration in water was not stable and the amount assumed by food cannot be established with certainty, the results of chronic toxicity tests were expressed as the concentration in the organism which caused a negative effect. Grazing activity was affected with a pp'DDE concentration in the organism of 24 ng mg(-1) d.w., while the lowest observed effect concentration for fecundity reduction was 109 ng mg(-1) d.w.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Daphnia/majr/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring | Fertility/drug effects | Male | Reproduction/drug effects | Toxicity Tests, Acute | Toxicity Tests, Chronic | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1113-6\",\"10.1007/s10646-013-1113-6\")","v":"10.1007/s10646-013-1113-6"},"22","8","1255-63","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23963708\",\"23963708\")","v":"23963708"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and rapid weight gain and overweight in infancy.",0,0,"Valvi D, Mendez MA, Garcia-Esteban R, Ballester F, Ibarluzea J, Goñi F, Grimalt JO, Llop S, Marina LS, Vizcaino E, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M","Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)","Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and rapid weight gain and overweight in infancy.    ABSTRACT:  To examine the effects of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on rapid growth in the first 6 months of life and overweight at 14 months of age.In a Spanish birth cohort study, the POPs dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs-congeners 153, 138, 180) were measured in maternal serum collected in the first trimester of pregnancy during 2003-2008. Rapid growth was defined as a z-score weight gain >0.67 SD between 6 months of age and birth. Overweight at 14 months was defined as a BMI z-score ≥85th percentile. Generalized linear models examined the association between POPs and rapid growth (N = 1285) and overweight (N = 1198).The analysis population included 24% rapid growers and 30% overweight infants. DDE and HCB were positively associated with rapid growth and with overweight. There was some indication that infant sex and exclusive breastfeeding duration may modify the effects of DDE, and that maternal prepregnancy BMI status may influence the effects of HCB. PCBs were not related to postnatal growth.Prenatal exposure to DDE and HCB may be associated with early postnatal growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the persistence of these associations at older ages.Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene MeSH:  | Adult | Body Mass Index | Breast Feeding | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Growth Disorders/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Hexachlorobenzene/blood/toxicity | Humans | Infant | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Overweight/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Pesticide Residues/blood | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Trimester, Third/blood | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Prevalence | Prospective Studies | Spain/epidemiology | Weight Gain/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.20603\",\"10.1002/oby.20603\")","v":"10.1002/oby.20603"},"22","2","488-96","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845936\",\"23845936\")","v":"23845936"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and behavioural problems at age 7-8years.",0,0,"Sioen I, Den Hond E, Nelen V, Van de Mieroop E, Croes K, Van Larebeke N, Nawrot TS, Schoeters G","Environment international","Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and behavioural problems at age 7-8years.    ABSTRACT:  Animal studies showed that the developing brain is particularly sensitive to chemical exposure. Human studies carried out in areas with high exposures have proven neurodevelopmental disorders in relation to e.g. lead and PCBs. Whether these chemicals are associated with behavioural problems in childhood at current environmental levels is not well known. Therefore, we assessed the association between prenatal exposure to lead, cadmium, PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, HCB and p,p'-DDE and behavioural problems in 7-8year old children. Prenatal exposure data were obtained from the Flemish mother-new-born cohort. Lead, cadmium, PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, HCB and p,p'-DDE were analysed in cord blood. When the child reached 7-8years, 270 mothers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire assessing their children's behavioural health. We found that doubling the prenatal lead exposure (cord blood lead levels) was associated with a 3.43 times higher risk for hyperactivity in both boys and girls. In addition, total difficulties were 5.08 times more likely in the highest tertile for prenatal lead exposure compared to the lowest tertile. In girls, total difficulties were 4.92 more likely when doubling cord blood p,p'-DDE, whereas no significant association was found in boys. Further, we noted in boys a 1.53 times higher risk for emotional problems when doubling cord blood cadmium, whereas no significant association was found in girls. These results indicate that the presence of environmental contaminants influences the mental health of the next generation.© 2013.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dioxins|Environmental Pollutants|Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|Cadmium|Lead|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Belgium/epidemiology | Cadmium/blood/toxicity | Child | Child Behavior Disorders/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Dioxins/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Humans | Lead/toxicity | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Surveys and Questionnaires Other:ADHD | AhR | BMI | Cd | Child behaviour | DDT | DF | Dioxin-like compounds | FLEHS | Flemish Environment and Health Study | GC-MS | HCB | HR-ICP-MS | Heavy metals | High Resolution Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry | IQR | LOD | LOQ | OR | PCB | SDQ | aryl hydrocarbon receptor | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder | body mass index | cadmium | dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | dilution-factor | gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector | hexachlorobenzene | interquartile range | limit of detection | limit of quantification | odds ratio | p,p′-DDE | para,para-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene | polychlorinated biphenyls | strengths and difficulties questionnaire |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.014\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.014\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.014"},"59","","225-31","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004147:Dioxins|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|D002104:Cadmium|D007854:Lead|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821316\",\"23821316\")","v":"23821316"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Specimen pooling for efficient use of biospecimens in studies of time to a common event.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3698992\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Saha-Chaudhuri P, Weinberg CR","American journal of epidemiology","Specimen pooling for efficient use of biospecimens in studies of time to a common event.    ABSTRACT:  For case-control studies that rely on expensive assays for biomarkers, specimen pooling offers a cost-effective and efficient way to estimate individual-level odds ratios. Pooling helps to conserve irreplaceable biospecimens for the future, mitigates limit-of-detection problems, and enables inclusion of individuals who have limited available volumes of biospecimen. Pooling can also allow the study of a panel of biomarkers under a fixed assay budget. Here, we extend this method for application to discrete-time survival studies. Assuming a proportional odds logistic model for risk of a common outcome, we propose a design strategy that forms pooling sets within those experiencing the outcome at the same event time. We show that the proposed design enables a cost-effective analysis to assess the association of a biomarker with the outcome. Because the standard likelihood is slightly misspecified for the proposed pooling strategy under a nonnull biomarker effect, the proposed approach produces slightly biased estimates of exposure odds ratios. We explore the extent of this bias via simulations and illustrate the method by revisiting a data set relating polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene to time to pregnancy.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Biomarkers/analysis/blood | Case-Control Studies/majr | Cost-Benefit Analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives/blood | Female | Humans | Logistic Models | Models, Statistical | Odds Ratio | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Risk Factors | Specimen Handling/majr/economics/methods | Time Factors Other:discrete event time outcome | pooling | pooling for biomarker | pooling for exposure | time to pregnancy |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws442\",\"10.1093/aje/kws442\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kws442"},"178","1","126-35","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23777200\",\"23777200\")","v":"23777200"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Pesticide exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes: review of the epidemiologic and animal studies.",1,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3705499\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Burns CJ, McIntosh LJ, Mink PJ, Jurek AM, Li AA","Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews","Pesticide exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes: review of the epidemiologic and animal studies.    ABSTRACT:  Assessment of whether pesticide exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children can best be addressed with a systematic review of both the human and animal peer-reviewed literature. This review analyzed epidemiologic studies testing the hypothesis that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and/or early childhood is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Studies that directly queried pesticide exposure (e.g., via questionnaire or interview) or measured pesticide or metabolite levels in biological specimens from study participants (e.g., blood, urine, etc.) or their immediate environment (e.g., personal air monitoring, home dust samples, etc.) were eligible for inclusion. Consistency, strength of association, and dose response were key elements of the framework utilized for evaluating epidemiologic studies. As a whole, the epidemiologic studies did not strongly implicate any particular pesticide as being causally related to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and children. A few associations were unique for a health outcome and specific pesticide, and alternative hypotheses could not be ruled out. Our survey of the in vivo peer-reviewed published mammalian literature focused on effects of the specific active ingredient of pesticides on functional neurodevelopmental endpoints (i.e., behavior, neuropharmacology and neuropathology). In most cases, effects were noted at dose levels within the same order of magnitude or higher compared to the point of departure used for chronic risk assessments in the United States. Thus, although the published animal studies may have characterized potential neurodevelopmental outcomes using endpoints not required by guideline studies, the effects were generally observed at or above effect levels measured in repeated-dose toxicology studies submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Suggestions for improved exposure assessment in epidemiology studies and more effective and tiered approaches in animal testing are discussed.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Organophosphates|Pesticides|Pyrethrins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Aryldialkylphosphatase MeSH:  | Animals | Aryldialkylphosphatase/metabolism | Child | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Child, Preschool | DDT/poisoning | Developmental Disabilities/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/poisoning | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Evaluation Studies as Topic | Evidence-Based Medicine | Female | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Infant | Insecticides/toxicity | Intelligence/drug effects | Intelligence Tests | Learning/drug effects | Male | Mammals | Memory/drug effects | Nervous System Diseases/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Neurotoxicity Syndromes/epidemiology/etiology | Organophosphate Poisoning/etiology | Organophosphates/majr/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | United States | United States Environmental Protection Agency",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2013.783383\",\"10.1080/10937404.2013.783383\")","v":"10.1080/10937404.2013.783383"},"16","3-4","127-283","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D010755:Organophosphates|D010575:Pesticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690079\",\"23690079\")","v":"23690079"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Semen quality of environmentally exposed human population: the toxicological consequence.",0,0,"Pant N, Pant AB, Chaturvedi PK, Shukla M, Mathur N, Gupta YK, Saxena DK","Environmental science and pollution research international","Semen quality of environmentally exposed human population: the toxicological consequence.    ABSTRACT:  Human data on the relationship of semen quality with pesticide and metals are mostly inconsistent. The purpose of the study is to confirm the toxicity of organochlorine pesticide β- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), DDE and DDD, and metals lead or cadmium on sperm motility in epidemiological study among fertile and infertile men and to determine whether in vivo and in vitro results are in the same direction. Semen analysis and estimation of the toxicants were done in 60 fertile and 150 infertile men. In the in vitro studies, sperm were exposed to the highest levels of these toxicants found in vivo, as well as five and ten times higher, and to the mixture of all compounds. The study assesses sperm viability and motility for a period ranging between 30 min and 96 h. Epidemiological data showed an inverse correlation of toxicant with sperm motility. In vitro study showed that γ-HCH and lead after 12 h, cadmium after 8 h, and coexposure to toxicants after 6 h of exposure caused significant concentration- and duration-dependent decline in sperm motility. Data of in vitro study were concurrent with epidemiological finding that might be useful in establishing the possible association between exposure and effect of these selected pollutants on sperm motility.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Metals|Pesticides|Cadmium|Lead|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Cadmium/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/analysis/statistics & numerical data | Environmental Pollutants/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Fertility/physiology | Hexachlorocyclohexane/metabolism/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Infertility, Male/epidemiology/metabolism | Lead/metabolism/toxicity | Male | Metals/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Semen/drug effects | Semen Analysis | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatozoa/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1813-8\",\"10.1007/s11356-013-1813-8\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-013-1813-8"},"20","11","8274-81","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D008670:Metals|D010575:Pesticides|D002104:Cadmium|D007854:Lead|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23512307\",\"23512307\")","v":"23512307"},0,0,0,0,2013,"In utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old Mexican-American children in the CHAMACOS cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3673191\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Warner M, Aguilar Schall R, Harley KG, Bradman A, Barr D, Eskenazi B","Environmental health perspectives","In utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old Mexican-American children in the CHAMACOS cohort.    ABSTRACT:  In utero exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been hypothesized to increase risk of obesity later in life.The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study is a longitudinal birth cohort of low-income Latinas living in a California agricultural community. We examined the relation of in utero DDT and DDE exposure to child obesity at 7 years of age. We also examined the trend with age (2, 3.5, 5, and 7 years) in the exposure-obesity relation.We included 270 children with o,p´-DDT, p,p´-DDT, and p,p´-DDE concentrations measured in maternal serum during pregnancy (nanograms per gram lipid) and complete 7-year follow-up data including weight (kilograms) and height (centimeters). Body mass index (BMI; kilograms per meter squared) was calculated and obesity was defined as ≥ 95th percentile on the sex-specific BMI-for-age Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts.At 7 years, 96 (35.6%) children were obese. A 10-fold increase in o,p´-DDT, p,p´-DDT, or p,p´-DDE, was nonsignificantly associated with increased odds (OR) of obesity [o,p´-DDT adjusted (adj-) OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.82; p,p´-DDT adj-OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.74; p,p´-DDE adj-OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.06]. With increasing age at follow-up, we observed a significant trend toward a positive association between DDT and DDE exposure and odds of obesity.We did not find a significant positive relation between in utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old children. However, given the observed trend with age, continued follow-up will be informative.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Child | Cohort Studies | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Fetus/majr/drug effects | Humans | Longitudinal Studies | Mexican Americans | Obesity/majr/chemically induced | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205656\",\"10.1289/ehp.1205656\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1205656"},"121","5","631-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23151722\",\"23151722\")","v":"23151722"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Prenatal p,p´-DDE exposure and neurodevelopment among children 3.5-5 years of age.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3569679\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Rothenberg SJ, Cebrián ME, Osorio-Valencia E, Hernández Mdel C, García-Hernández RM, López-Carrillo L","Environmental health perspectives","Prenatal p,p´-DDE exposure and neurodevelopment among children 3.5-5 years of age.    ABSTRACT:  The results of previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to bis[p-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and to its main metabolite, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), impairs psychomotor development during the first year of life. However, information about the persistence of this association at later ages is limited.We assessed the association of prenatal DDE exposure with child neurodevelopment at 42-60 months of age.Since 2001 we have been monitoring the neurodevelopment in children who were recruited at birth into a perinatal cohort exposed to DDT, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. We report McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities for 203 children at 42, 48, 54, and 60 months of age. Maternal DDE serum levels were available for at least one trimester of pregnancy. The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment scale and other covariables of interest were also available.After adjustment, a doubling of DDE during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with statistically significant reductions of -1.37, -0.88, -0.84, and -0.80 points in the general cognitive index, quantitative, verbal, and memory components respectively. The association between prenatal DDE and the quantitative component was weaker at 42 months than at older ages. No significant statistical interactions with sex or breastfeeding were observed.These findings support the hypothesis that prenatal DDE impairs early child neurodevelopment; the potential for adverse effects on development should be considered when using DDT for malaria control.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Central Nervous System/majr/growth & development | Child, Preschool | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205034\",\"10.1289/ehp.1205034\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1205034"},"121","2","263-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23142753\",\"23142753\")","v":"23142753"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), DDT metabolites and pregnancy outcomes.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3535520\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Kezios KL, Liu X, Cirillo PM, Cohn BA, Kalantzi OI, Wang Y, Petreas MX, Park JS, Factor-Litvak P","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), DDT metabolites and pregnancy outcomes.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent endocrine disruptors. OCPs cross the placenta; this prenatal exposure has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated associations between prenatal exposure to OCPs and gestational age and birth weight in 600 infants born between 1960 and 1963. The primary OCP was 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT), its primary metabolite, 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and the contaminant, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-ethane (o,p'-DDT). Regression analysis indicated that for each natural log unit increase in p,p'-DDT, birth weight increased by 274 g (95% CI: 122, 425) when controlling for p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT. At a given level of p,p'-DDT exposure, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were associated with decreased birth weight. p,p'-DDE was negatively associated with length of gestation, controlling for p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT. These findings suggest opposing associations between exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE and birth weight. We did not find evidence to support mediation by maternal thyroid hormone status nor that the association differed by sex.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Birth Weight/majr | DDT/majr/analogs & derivatives/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/blood | Female | Gestational Age | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy/blood | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.10.013\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.10.013\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.10.013"},"35","","156-64","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23132776\",\"23132776\")","v":"23132776"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Differential effect of DDT, DDE, and DDD on COX-2 expression in the human trophoblast derived HTR-8/SVneo cells.",0,0,"Dominguez-Lopez P, Diaz-Cueto L, Olivares A, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Arechavaleta-Velasco F","Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology","Differential effect of DDT, DDE, and DDD on COX-2 expression in the human trophoblast derived HTR-8/SVneo cells.    ABSTRACT:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1-bis-(chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (DDE), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) isomers on COX-2 expression in a human trophoblast-derived cell line. Cultured HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells were exposed to DDT isomers and its metabolites for 24 h, and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Prostaglandin E₂ production was also measured by ELISA. Both COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected under control (unexposed) conditions in the HTR-8/SVneo cell line. COX-2 protein expression and prostaglandin E₂ production but not COX-2 mRNA levels increased only after DDE and DDD isomers exposure. It is concluded that DDE and DDD exposure induce the expression of COX-2 protein, leading to increased prostaglandin E2 production. Interestingly, the regulation of COX-2 by these organochlorines pesticides appears to be at the translational level.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Carcinogens, Environmental|Insecticides|RNA, Messenger|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Cyclooxygenase 2|PTGS2 protein, human|Dinoprostone|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Carcinogens, Environmental/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Cell Line | Cell Survival/drug effects | Cyclooxygenase 2/majr/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism | DDT/majr/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/majr/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity | Dinoprostone/metabolism | Enzyme Induction/drug effects | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity | Osmolar Concentration | Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects | RNA, Messenger/metabolism | Stereoisomerism | Trophoblasts/majr/drug effects/enzymology/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21444\",\"10.1002/jbt.21444\")","v":"10.1002/jbt.21444"},"26","11","454-60","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental|D007306:Insecticides|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2|C496540:PTGS2 protein, human|D015232:Dinoprostone|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085522\",\"23085522\")","v":"23085522"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Evaluating the neurotoxic effects of lactational exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Spanish children.",0,0,"Gascon M, Verner MA, Guxens M, Grimalt JO, Forns J, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi N, Ballester F, Llop S, Haddad S, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M","Neurotoxicology","Evaluating the neurotoxic effects of lactational exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Spanish children.    ABSTRACT:  Although the brain continues developing in the postnatal period, epidemiological studies on the effects of postnatal exposure to neurotoxic POPs through breast-feeding remain mostly inconclusive. Failure to detect associations between postnatal exposure and health outcomes may stem from the limitations of commonly employed approaches to assess lactational exposure. The aim of the present study was to assess whether lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as estimated with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, is associated with decrements in mental and psychomotor development scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) test in children aged around 14-months of a subsample (N=1175) of the Spanish INMA birth cohort, and to compare this with the effects of prenatal exposure. Although in the present study population PCB-153, DDE and HCB exposure increased within the first months of postnatal life, no associations were found between different periods of postnatal exposure to these compounds and mental or psychomotor scores. Increasing prenatal PCB-153 concentrations were associated with worse mental and psychomotor scores, although significance was only reached for psychomotor development (β [95%CI]=-1.36 [-2.61, -0.11]). Indeed, the association between exposure and effects observed during prenatal life weakened gradually across periods of postnatal life. Results of the present study suggest that, although breastfeeding increases children's blood persistent organic pollutants (POPs) levels during postnatal life, deleterious effects of PCB-153 on neuropsychological development are mainly attributable to prenatal exposure.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Age Factors | Brain/majr/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism/physiopathology | Breast Feeding/majr/adverse effects | Child Development/drug effects | Cognition/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood/pharmacokinetics | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/adverse effects/blood/pharmacokinetics | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Lactation/majr | Linear Models | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Milk, Human/majr/metabolism | Models, Biological | Neuropsychological Tests | Neurotoxicity Syndromes/majr/blood/etiology/physiopathology/psychology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood/pharmacokinetics | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Psychomotor Performance/drug effects | Risk Assessment | Risk Factors | Spain",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.006\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.006\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.006"},"34","","9-15","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22834258\",\"22834258\")","v":"22834258"},0,0,0,0,2012,"[Specificity of exposure of the indigenous dwellers of coastal and inland Chukotka to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane].",0,0,"Dudarev AA, Chupachin VS, Ivanova ZS, Lebedev GB","Gigiena i sanitariia","[Specificity of exposure of the indigenous dwellers of coastal and inland Chukotka to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane].    ABSTRACT:  In the indigenous dwellers of coastal Chukotka, blood DDT levels are 1.5-2 times higher than those of continental areas, which is due to the higher global DDT pollution of a sea food chain. The blood levels of 4,4-DDE in the reproductive-age women of coastal Chukotka are comparable to those in other Russian Arctic regions, slightly lower than in Greenland, but essentially higher than in Canada, Alaska and Scandinavian countries. Blood DDE/DDT ratio in the coastal indigenous dwellers is almost twice higher than that in the inland inhabitants, which is indicative of the \"older\" exposure of coastal people to DDT. There was an about equal (70-75%) decrease in 4,4-DDE and 4,4-DDT levels with a practically invariable ratio (12-15) and a nearly equal elimination half-life period (about 3.5 years) in the mothers of coastal Chukotka 5 years after the first examination. The elevated 4,4-DDE/4,4-DDT ratios in the tissues of sea mammals generally correspond to higher isomer ratios in the blood of coastal natives and relatively low 4,4-DDE/4,4-DDT ratios in the venison, fowl, and fish predetermine lower ratios in the blood of inland inhabitants. The extremely low of DDE/DDT ratio (0.4) in the washouts and scrapes from the kitchen walls of dwellings are conclusively associated with the recent application of DDT as a household insecticide.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Arctic Regions | Cohort Studies | DDT/majr/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Female | Food Chain | Food Contamination/analysis | Humans | Male | Russia",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"","2","15-20","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767291\",\"22767291\")","v":"22767291"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Fifteen years of monitoring of POPs in the breast milk, Czech Republic, 1994-2009: trends and factors.",0,0,"Mikeš O, Cupr P, Kohút L, Krsková A, Cerná M","Environmental science and pollution research international","Fifteen years of monitoring of POPs in the breast milk, Czech Republic, 1994-2009: trends and factors.    ABSTRACT:  The breast milk has been recommended to carry out as a monitoring tool for effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDX), hexachlorbenzene (HCB) and isomers of hexachlocyklohexane (HCHs) have been monitored in the breast milk of nursing mothers in the Czech Republic since 1994 as a part of The Environmental Health Monitoring System. Knowledge about long-term POPs distribution and accumulation in the human body is crucial to understanding uptake, degradation and subsequent effects as well as to conduct risk assessments. The main aim of this study is to evaluate 15-years long-term trends of selected POPs in human milk in the Czech Republic and to elucidate the questionnaire information about the age, parity and social habits, to the final concentrations. This effectiveness evaluation of POPs restriction is quite precisely after 15-years monitoring campaigns.The human milk samples (4,753 samples) were analysed for a number of chlorinated organic chemicals including PCBs and selected chlorinated pesticides (OCPs, HCB, HCHs, DDX). The relative change of concentration per year for all chemicals was analysed. The remaining percentages of POPs in breast milk in comparison to 1994 are also expressed. Czech population half-lives of POPs in breast milk, derived from either linear or exponential models were computed.The long-term data indicates a continuation of a decreasing trend of POPs concentrations on breast milk. Our study did not confirm lactation and parity as an important outflux resulting in the decrease in concentrations in mothers, which is in the antagonism with most of the studies. The higher BMI was associated with higher amounts of HCB and lower amounts of higher chlorinated PCBs. The results confirm the effectiveness of restrictions of POPs usage in the Czech Republic. This ongoing long-term study is very useful tool for parametric effectiveness evaluation of Stockholm Convention.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Age Factors | Czech Republic | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Monitoring | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/analysis | Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis | Humans | Milk, Human/majr/chemistry | Parity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0798-z\",\"10.1007/s11356-012-0798-z\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-012-0798-z"},"19","6","1936-43","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22766752\",\"22766752\")","v":"22766752"},0,0,0,0,2012,"In-utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and cognitive development among infants and school-aged children.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3415569\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Jusko TA, Klebanoff MA, Brock JW, Longnecker MP","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","In-utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and cognitive development among infants and school-aged children.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) continues to be used for control of infectious diseases in several countries. In-utero exposure to DDT and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been associated with developmental and cognitive impairment among children. We examined this association in an historical cohort in which the level of exposure was greater than in previous studies.The association of in-utero DDT and DDE exposure with infant and child neurodevelopment was examined in 1100 subjects in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a prospective birth cohort enrolling pregnant women from 12 study centers in the United States from 1959 to 1965. Maternal DDT and DDE concentrations were measured in archived serum specimens. Infant mental and motor development was assessed at age 8 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and child cognitive development was assessed at age 7 years, using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.Although levels of DDT and DDE were relatively high in this population (median DDT concentration, 8.9 μg/L; DDE, 24.5 μg/L), neither were related to Mental or Psychomotor Development scores on the Bayley Scales nor to Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient at 7 years of age. Categorical analyses showed no evidence of dose- response for either maternal DDT or DDE, and estimates of the association between continuous measures of exposure and neurodevelopment were indistinguishable from 0.Adverse associations were not observed between maternal serum DDT and DDE concentrations and offspring neurodevelopment at 8 months or 7 years in this cohort.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Child | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Cognition/majr/drug effects | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Intelligence/drug effects | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Models, Statistical | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Trimester, Third | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/diagnosis | Prospective Studies | Psychological Tests | United States | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31825fb61d\",\"10.1097/EDE.0b013e31825fb61d\")","v":"10.1097/EDE.0b013e31825fb61d"},"23","5","689-98","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22713535\",\"22713535\")","v":"22713535"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Prenatal exposure to neurotoxicants and neurodevelopment in Mexican neonates.",0,0,"Rooney JP, Dórea JG","Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","Prenatal exposure to neurotoxicants and neurodevelopment in Mexican neonates.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2012.48\",\"10.1038/jes.2012.48\")","v":"10.1038/jes.2012.48"},"22","4","425-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22575806\",\"22575806\")","v":"22575806"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and neuropsychological development up to two years of life.",0,0,"Forns J, Lertxundi N, Aranbarri A, Murcia M, Gascon M, Martinez D, Grellier J, Lertxundi A, Julvez J, Fano E, Goñi F, Grimalt JO, Ballester F, Sunyer J, Ibarluzea J","Environment international","Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and neuropsychological development up to two years of life.    ABSTRACT:  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (pp'DDE) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic environmental pollutants with potential neurotoxic effects. Despite a growing body of studies investigating the health effects associated with these compounds, their specific effects on early neuropsychological development remain unclear. We investigated such neuropsychological effects in a population-based birth cohort based in three regions in Spain (Sabadell, Gipuzkoa, and Valencia) derived from the INMA [Environment and Childhood] Project. The main analyses in this report were based on 1391 mother-child pairs with complete information on maternal levels of organochlorine compounds and child neuropsychological assessment (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) at age 14 months. We found that prenatal PCB exposure, particularly to congeners 138 and 153, resulted in impairment of psychomotor development (coefficient=-1.24, 95% confidence interval=-2.41, -0.07), but found no evidence for effects on cognitive development. Prenatal exposure to pp'DDE or HCB was not associated with early neuropsychological development. The negative effects of exposure to PCBs on early psychomotor development suggest that the potential neurotoxic effects of these compounds may be evident even at low doses.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/statistics & numerical data | Environmental Pollutants/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/metabolism/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Infant | Male | Neuropsychological Tests | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology | Spain",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.009\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.009\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.009"},"45","","72-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445502\",\"22445502\")","v":"22445502"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters as biomarker endpoints for organohalogen contaminant exposure in Norwegian raptor nestlings.",0,0,"Sonne C, Bustnes JO, Herzke D, Jaspers VL, Covaci A, Eulaers I, Halley DJ, Moum T, Ballesteros M, Eens M, Ims RA, Hanssen SA, Erikstad KE, Johnsen TV, Rigét FF, Jensen AL, Kjelgaard-Hansen M","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","Blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters as biomarker endpoints for organohalogen contaminant exposure in Norwegian raptor nestlings.    ABSTRACT:  Raptors are exposed to biomagnifying and toxic organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) such as organochlorines, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds. To investigate how OHC exposure may affect biochemical pathways we collected blood plasma from Norwegian northern goshawk (n=56), golden eagle (n=12) and white-tailed eagle (n=36) nestlings during three consecutive breeding seasons. We found that blood plasma concentrations of calcium, sodium, creatinine, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, urea, inorganic phosphate, protein:creatinine, urea:creatinine and uric acid:creatinine ratios and liver enzymes ALKP and ALAT were positively correlated to PCBs, chlordanes, p,p'-DDE, HCB, PFCs and/or PBDEs. Total bilirubin and glucose were negatively correlated to PCBs while magnesium and potassium were negatively correlated to HCB and p,p'-DDE. In addition, protein:creatinine and ALAT were also negatively correlated to PCBs and PFCs, respectively. The most significant relationships were found for the highly contaminated northern goshawks and white-tailed eagles. The statistical relationships between OHCs and BCCPs indicate that biochemical pathways could be influenced while it is uncertain if such changes have any health effects. The OHC concentrations were below concentrations causing reproductive toxicity in adults of other raptor species but similar to those of concern for endocrine disruption of thyroid hormones in e.g., bald eagles.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Environmental Pollutants|Flame Retardants|Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Thyroid Hormones|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Creatinine|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Biomarkers/blood | Creatinine/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/standards/toxicity | Eagles/majr/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/analysis/standards/statistics & numerical data | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/standards/toxicity | Flame Retardants/metabolism/standards/toxicity | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/blood/standards/toxicity | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood/standards/toxicity | Norway | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/standards/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Thyroid Hormones/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.012\",\"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.012\")","v":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.012"},"80","","76-83","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D005411:Flame Retardants|D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D013963:Thyroid Hormones|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003404:Creatinine|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22357172\",\"22357172\")","v":"22357172"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Neuropsychological measures of attention and impulse control among 8-year-old children exposed prenatally to organochlorines.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3385436\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Sagiv SK, Thurston SW, Bellinger DC, Altshul LM, Korrick SA","Environmental health perspectives","Neuropsychological measures of attention and impulse control among 8-year-old children exposed prenatally to organochlorines.    ABSTRACT:  We previously reported associations between organochlorines and behaviors related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among boys and girls at 8 years of age using a teacher's rating scale for a birth cohort in New Bedford, Massachusetts (USA).Our goal was to corroborate these findings using neuropsychological measures of inattentive and impulsive behaviors.We investigated the association between cord serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and attention and impulse control using a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and components of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition (WISC-III). Participants came from a prospective cohort of children born during 1993-1998 to mothers residing near a PCB-contaminated harbor in New Bedford. Median (range) cord serum levels for the sum of four prevalent PCBs [congeners 118, 138, 153, and 180 (ΣPCB4)] and p,p'-DDE were 0.19 (0.01-2.59) and 0.31 (0-14.93) ng/g serum, respectively.We detected associations between PCBs and neuropsychological deficits for 578 and 584 children with CPT and WISC-III measures, respectively, but only among boys. For example, boys with higher exposure to ΣPCB4 had a higher rate of CPT errors of omission [rate ratio for the exposure interquartile range (IQR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98, 1.27] and slower WISC-III Processing Speed (change in score for the IQR = -2.0; 95% CI: -3.5, -0.4). Weaker associations were found for p,p'-DDE. For girls, associations were in the opposite direction for the CPT and null for the WISC-III.These results support an association between organochlorines (mainly PCBs) and neuropsychological measures of attention among boys only. Sex-specific effects should be considered in studies of organochlorines and neurodevelopment.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Child | Chromatography, Gas | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Linear Models | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Massachusetts/epidemiology | Neuropsychological Tests | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/epidemiology | Risk Factors | Sex Factors | Wechsler Scales",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104372\",\"10.1289/ehp.1104372\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1104372"},"120","6","904-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22310945\",\"22310945\")","v":"22310945"},0,0,0,0,2012,"A case control study of gene environmental interaction in fetal growth restriction with special reference to organochlorine pesticides.",0,0,"Sharma E, Mustafa M, Pathak R, Guleria K, Ahmed RS, Vaid NB, Banerjee BD","European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","A case control study of gene environmental interaction in fetal growth restriction with special reference to organochlorine pesticides.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and oxidative stress are reported to be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family involved in the detoxification of numerous toxins including OCPs. OCPs are endocrine disrupter and prenatal exposure to them may be associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). The objectives of the present study were (i) to determine the frequencies of polymorphic alleles of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in women with idiopathic FGR, (ii) to analyze the maternal and cord blood levels of the OCPs, and (iii) to identify the gene environment interaction that increases the risk of FGR.Maternal and cord blood samples of 50 FGR cases (birth weight <10 percentile for gestational age as per Lubchenco's growth chart) and equal number of normal pregnancies who were occupationally non exposed to OCPs and excluding all the known high risk factors such as anemia, hypertension, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, medical disease, dietary habit, living style, parity, and BMI. The collected samples at the time of delivery/after delivery were analyzed for OCPs levels by gas chromatography and polymorphic analysis for GSTM1/GSTT1 gene using multiplex PCR.Significantly higher levels of α,β,γ-HCH and p,p'-DDT were found in maternal blood and significantly higher levels of β and γ-HCH and p,p'-DDT were found in cord blood of FGR cases as compared to controls. The genotypic distribution of GSTM1/GSTT1 was almost similar in both the groups, but the frequency of GSTM1-/GSTT1- (null) genotype was significantly higher in FGR cases as compared to controls (p<0.05, OR=6.42). When interaction between GSTM1/GSTT1 genes polymorphism-OCPs levels and birth weight (gene-environment interaction) was ascertained, a significant association was seen between β-HCH and GSTM1- genotype with reduction in birth weight of 213g.Higher levels of OCPs in pregnant women may be considered as an important aetiological factor in 'idiopathic' FGR. GST polymorphism can influence the relationship between prenatal exposure to pesticides and FGR. The present study provides evidence that polymorphism in xenobiotic metabolising genes may modify the effect of environmental health hazards and increase the risk of FGR.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|glutathione S-transferase T1|Glutathione Transferase|glutathione S-transferase M1|Endosulfan|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Adult | Alleles | Birth Weight/majr | Case-Control Studies | DDT/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Endosulfan/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Fetal Blood | Fetal Growth Retardation/majr/chemically induced/enzymology/genetics | Genotype | Glutathione Transferase/majr/genetics | Hexachlorocyclohexane/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Odds Ratio | Polymorphism, Genetic | Pregnancy | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.008\",\"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.008\")","v":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.008"},"161","2","163-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|C040534:alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1|D005982:Glutathione Transferase|C117740:glutathione S-transferase M1|D004726:Endosulfan|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22244494\",\"22244494\")","v":"22244494"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L132) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L132),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L132) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L132),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L132) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L132),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B132:D132)","v":0},2012,"Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) exposure and child growth during the first year of life.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3294196\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Garced S, Torres-Sánchez L, Cebrián ME, Claudio L, López-Carrillo L","Environmental research","Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) exposure and child growth during the first year of life.    ABSTRACT:  Due to its long-term persistence in the environment and its ability to cross the placental barrier, prenatal p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) exposure continues to be a public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal DDE exposure and child growth, at birth and during the first year of life.253 pregnant women were recruited between January 2001 and June 2005 in a prospective cohort in Morelos, Mexico. Serum levels of DDE were measured during each trimester of pregnancy by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Using the generalized mixed-effects models, the association between DDE and child growth parameters (weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, BMI-for-age and head circumference-for-age Z-scores) from birth to 1 year of age was assessed. Maternal dietary intake was considered as covariable among others.DDE levels were 6.3±2.8 ng/mL (first trimester), 6.6±2.9 ng/mL (second trimester), and 7.6±2.9 ng/mL (third trimester). After adjusting for potential confounder variables, no significant associations were observed with prenatal DDE exposure and each of the selected parameters.Our results show no evidence of an association between prenatal DDE exposure and child growth during the first year of life.Copyright Â© 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Body Size/majr/drug effects | Chromatography, Gas | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Growth/majr/drug effects | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Linear Models | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Mexico | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Prospective Studies",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.002\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.002\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.002"},"113","","58-62","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230338\",\"22230338\")","v":"22230338"},0,0,0,0,2012,"The effect of DDT and its metabolite (DDE) on prostaglandin secretion from epithelial cells and on contractions of the smooth muscle of the bovine oviduct in vitro.",0,0,"Wrobel MH, Mlynarczuk J, Kotwica J","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","The effect of DDT and its metabolite (DDE) on prostaglandin secretion from epithelial cells and on contractions of the smooth muscle of the bovine oviduct in vitro.    ABSTRACT:  The insecticide DDT and its metabolite (DDE), due to their lipolytic nature and resistance to biodegradation, are accumulated in the living tissues. In cows, DDT and DDE were found to affect prostaglandin (PG) secretion from the endometrium and contractions of the myometrium. In this study, the impact of both xenobiotics (0.1, 1, 10 or 100ng/ml) on the function of epithelial cells and muscle strips of bovine oviducts from 1 to 5day of the oestrous cycle was examined. Therefore the concentration of PGE2 and PGFM (a metabolite of PGF2α) in culture media, mRNA expression of genes involved in PGs synthesis in epithelial cells and the force and amplitude of strips contractions were measured after 2 and 24 or 48h of incubation. Neither DDT nor DDE affected the viability of cells after 48h (P>0.05). Both DDT and DDE increased the concentrations of PGFM in culture medium and secretion of PGE2 after only 2h of cell culture (P<0.05). Similar effects were seen for the influence of DDE on amount of PGFM after 48h, while DDT decreased secretion of PGE2 (P<0.05). DDT after 2h increased (P<0.05) mRNA expression of PGF2α synthase (PGFS), while both xenobiotics decreased (P<0.05) mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) after 24h. DTT also increased the force of isthmus contractions after 2h, as did both xenobiotics after 48h (P<0.05). Moreover, after 2 and 48h, DDE stimulated the amplitude of contractions of the isthmus as well as the ampulla, (P<0.05). The effect of both compounds on oviduct contractions was diminished by indomethacin, which blocks PG synthesis. We conclude that oviductal secretion of prostaglandins is affected, by DDT and DDE. The influence of these xenobiotics on PGF2α and PGE2 secretion and ratio may be part of the mechanism by which both DDT and its metabolite disturb the contractions of oviductal muscle.Copyright Â© 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|RNA, Messenger|15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Dinoprost|DDT|Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases|prostaglandin-F synthase|Cyclooxygenase 2|Dinoprostone MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Cell Survival/drug effects | Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/metabolism | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dinoprost/majr/analogs & derivatives/metabolism | Dinoprostone/majr/metabolism | Epithelial Cells/drug effects/metabolism | Fallopian Tubes/majr/cytology/drug effects/metabolism | Female | Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases/genetics/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics | Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Uterine Contraction/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.019\",\"10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.019\")","v":"10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.019"},"259","2","152-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D012333:RNA, Messenger|C008228:15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D015237:Dinoprost|D003634:DDT|D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases|C031051:prostaglandin-F synthase|D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2|D015232:Dinoprostone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22204795\",\"22204795\")","v":"22204795"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Association of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3279437\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Mahalingaiah S, Missmer SA, Maity A, Williams PL, Meeker JD, Berry K, Ehrlich S, Perry MJ, Cramer DW, Hauser R","Environmental health perspectives","Association of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.    ABSTRACT:  Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are persistent chlorinated pesticides with endocrine activity that may adversely affect the early stages of human reproduction.Our goal was to determine the association of serum levels of HCB, DDT, and DDE with implantation failure, chemical pregnancy, and spontaneous abortion in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) from 1994 to 2003.Levels of HCB and congeners of DDT and DDE were measured in serum collected during the follicular phase. Multivariable-adjusted statistical models accommodating multiple outcomes and multiple cycles per woman were used to estimate the relation between serum pesticide levels and IVF outcomes.A total of 720 women with a mean ± SD age 35.4 ± 4.2 years at enrollment contributed 774 IVF cycles. All samples had detectable levels of HCB, DDT, and DDE, with median levels of 0.087 ng/g serum for HCB, 1.12 ng/g serum for total DDT, and 1.04 ng/g serum for p,p´-DDE. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of HCB, the lipid- and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for failed implantation was significantly elevated for those with higher HCB quartiles [Q2-Q4; adjusted ORs: for Q2, 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 2.82; for Q3, 2.30; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.81; for Q4, 2.32; 95% CI: 1.38, 3.90] and showed a significantly increasing trend (p = 0.001). No statistically significant associations were observed between DDT/DDE and IVF outcomes or between HCB and chemical pregnancy or spontaneous abortion.Serum HCB concentrations were on average lower than that of the general U.S. population and associated with failed implantation among women undergoing IVF.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|DDT MeSH:  | Abortion, Spontaneous/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Adult | Boston/epidemiology | Case-Control Studies | Cohort Studies | DDT/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Embryo Implantation/drug effects | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Fertilization in Vitro/majr/drug effects | Hexachlorobenzene/blood/toxicity | Humans | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome/majr/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103696\",\"10.1289/ehp.1103696\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1103696"},"120","2","316-20","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189045\",\"22189045\")","v":"22189045"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE and sperm sex-chromosome disomy.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3339457\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"McAuliffe ME, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Altshul LM, Perry MJ","Environmental health perspectives","Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE and sperm sex-chromosome disomy.    ABSTRACT:  Chromosomal abnormalities contribute substantially to reproductive problems, but the role of environmental risk factors has received little attention.We evaluated the association of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposures with sperm sex-chromosome disomy.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 192 men from subfertile couples. We used multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 to determine XX, YY, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. Serum was analyzed for concentrations of 57 PCB congeners and p,p'-DDE. Poisson regression models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for disomy by exposure quartiles, controlling for demographic characteristics and semen parameters.The median percent disomy was 0.3 for XX and YY, 0.9 for XY, and 1.6 for total sex-chromosome disomy. We observed a significant trend of increasing IRRs for increasing quartiles of p,p'-DDE in XX, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy, and a significant trend of increasing IRRs for increasing quartiles of PCBs for XY and total sex-chromosome disomy; however, there was a significant inverse association for XX disomy.Our findings suggest that exposure to p,p'-DDE may be associated with increased rates of XX, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy, whereas exposure to PCBs may be associated with increased rates of YY, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy. In addition, we observed an inverse association between increased exposure to PCBs and XX disomy. Further work is needed to confirm these findings.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Aneuploidy/majr | Chromosomes, Human, Y/majr/drug effects | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr | Humans | In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence | Male | Massachusetts | Poisson Distribution | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Regression Analysis | Sex Chromosome Aberrations/majr/chemically induced | Spermatozoa/cytology/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104017\",\"10.1289/ehp.1104017\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1104017"},"120","4","535-40","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075485\",\"22075485\")","v":"22075485"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Pre-natal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and infant lower respiratory tract infections and wheeze.",0,0,"Gascon M, Vrijheid M, Martínez D, Ballester F, Basterrechea M, Blarduni E, Esplugues A, Vizcaino E, Grimalt JO, Morales E, Sunyer J","The European respiratory journal","Pre-natal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and infant lower respiratory tract infections and wheeze.    ABSTRACT:  The aim of our study was to examine whether pre-natal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and wheeze in infants. The study is based on a birth cohort of 1,455 mother-child pairs. Maternal serum concentrations of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured during pregnancy. Parental reports on LRTI and wheeze were obtained when children were 12-14 months old. 35.4% of children developed at least one LRTI episode and 33.6% at least one wheezing episode during their first 12-14 months of life. Median DDE, PCBs and HCB concentrations were 116.3, 113.7 and 46.4 ng · g(-1) lipid, respectively. DDE concentrations were associated with LRTI risk (relative risk (RR) per 10% increase 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.22), also after adjustment for PCBs and HCB. In all quartiles of DDE exposure, the risk of LRTI was increased compared with the lowest quartile, but the increase was statistically significant only in the third quartile (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.62). No association was observed for PCBs and HCB. Results were similar for wheeze. This study suggests that pre-natal DDE exposure is associated with a higher risk of LRTI and wheeze in infants independently of exposure to other organochlorine compounds.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Lipids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/blood | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Lipids/blood | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood | Respiratory Sounds/etiology | Respiratory Tract Infections/majr/blood/chemically induced | Risk | Spain",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00011711\",\"10.1183/09031936.00011711\")","v":"10.1183/09031936.00011711"},"39","5","1188-96","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D008055:Lipids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027556\",\"22027556\")","v":"22027556"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Prenatal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE, and DDT and overweight in children: a prospective birth cohort study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3295349\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Valvi D, Mendez MA, Martinez D, Grimalt JO, Torrent M, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M","Environmental health perspectives","Prenatal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE, and DDT and overweight in children: a prospective birth cohort study.    ABSTRACT:  Recent experimental evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase postnatal obesity risk and that these effects may be sex or diet dependent.We explored whether prenatal organochlorine compound (OC) concentrations [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)] were associated with overweight at 6.5 years of age and whether child sex or fat intakes modified these associations.We studied 344 children from a Spanish birth cohort established in 1997-1998. Overweight at 6.5 years was defined as a body mass index (BMI) z-score ≥ 85th percentile of the World Health Organization reference. Cord blood OC concentrations were measured and treated as categorical variables (tertiles). Children's diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using generalized linear models.After multivariable adjustment, we found an increased RR of overweight in the third tertile of PCB exposure [RR = 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 2.64] and the second tertile of DDE exposure (RR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.55), but no association with DDT exposure in the population overall. Associations between overweight and PCB and DDE concentrations were strongest in girls (p-interaction between 0.01 and 0.28); DDT was associated with overweight only in boys. For DDT we observed stronger associations in children with fat intakes at or above compared with below the median, but this interaction was not significant (p-interaction > 0.05).This study suggests that prenatal OC exposures may be associated with overweight in children and that sex and high-fat intake may influence susceptibility.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dietary Fats|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Body Mass Index | Child | Chromatography, Gas | Cohort Studies | DDT/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Dietary Fats/majr/toxicity | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Hexachlorobenzene/blood/toxicity | Humans | Male | Obesity/chemically induced/epidemiology/etiology | Overweight/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology/etiology | Pesticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology/etiology | Prevalence | Prospective Studies | Risk Factors | Sex Factors | Spain/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103862\",\"10.1289/ehp.1103862\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1103862"},"120","3","451-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004041:Dietary Fats|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21997443\",\"21997443\")","v":"21997443"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Birth weight and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE): a meta-analysis within 12 European Birth Cohorts.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3279442\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Govarts E, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Schoeters G, Ballester F, Bloemen K, de Boer M, Chevrier C, Eggesbø M, Guxens M, Krämer U, Legler J, Martínez D, Palkovicova L, Patelarou E, Ranft U, Rautio A, Petersen MS, Slama R, Stigum H, Toft G, Trnovec T, Vandentorren S, Weihe P, Kuperus NW, Wilhelm M, Wittsiepe J, Bonde JP","Environmental health perspectives","Birth weight and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE): a meta-analysis within 12 European Birth Cohorts.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to high concentrations of persistent organochlorines may cause fetal toxicity, but the evidence at low exposure levels is limited. Large studies with substantial exposure contrasts and appropriate exposure assessment are warranted. Within the framework of the EU (European Union) ENRIECO (ENvironmental Health RIsks in European Birth Cohorts) and EU OBELIX (OBesogenic Endocrine disrupting chemicals: LInking prenatal eXposure to the development of obesity later in life) projects, we examined the hypothesis that the combination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) adversely affects birth weight.We used maternal and cord blood and breast milk samples of 7,990 women enrolled in 15 study populations from 12 European birth cohorts from 1990 through 2008. Using identical variable definitions, we performed for each cohort linear regression of birth weight on estimates of cord serum concentration of PCB-153 and p,p´-DDE adjusted for gestational age and a priori selected covariates. We obtained summary estimates by meta-analysis and performed analyses of interactions.The median concentration of cord serum PCB-153 was 140 ng/L (range of cohort medians 20-484 ng/L) and that of p,p´-DDE was 528 ng/L (range of cohort medians 50-1,208 ng/L). Birth weight decreased with increasing cord serum concentration of PCB-153 after adjustment for potential confounders in 12 of 15 study populations. The meta-analysis including all cohorts indicated a birth weight decline of 150 g [95% confidence interval (CI): -250, -50 g] per 1-µg/L increase in PCB-153, an exposure contrast that is close to the range of exposures across the cohorts. A 1-µg/L increase in p,p´-DDE was associated with a 7-g decrease in birth weight (95% CI: -18, 4 g).The findings suggest that low-level exposure to PCB (or correlated exposures) impairs fetal growth, but that exposure to p,p´-DDE does not. The study adds to mounting evidence that low-level exposure to PCBs is inversely associated with fetal growth.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Birth Weight/majr/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/blood/toxicity | Europe | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Humans | Linear Models | Male | Milk, Human/chemistry | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Sex Factors | Smoking/adverse effects | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103767\",\"10.1289/ehp.1103767\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1103767"},"120","2","162-70","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979140\",\"21979140\")","v":"21979140"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs and tissues of house sparrow, Passer domesticus, from Tamil Nadu, India.",0,0,"Dhananjayan V, Muralidharan S, Ranapratap S","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs and tissues of house sparrow, Passer domesticus, from Tamil Nadu, India.    ABSTRACT:  This study provides information on the current status of contamination by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in eggs and tissues of House Sparrow, Passer domesticus, in Tamil Nadu, India. The mean concentration of total hexachlorocyclohexane (∑HCH) and total dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (∑DDT) in eggs ranged from 0.01 to 1.81 μg/g and 0.02 to 1.29 μg/g, respectively. Concentration of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) ranged from below detectable limit (BDL) to 0.64 μg/g, representing more than 60% of the ∑DDTs. About 28% of samples had p,p'-DDE levels above the critical concentration associated with reproductive impairment. However, the mean concentrations of cyclodiene insecticides were less than 0.5 μg/g. Although OCPs levels detected in tissues are not indicative of toxicity, continuous monitoring is recommended.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Monitoring/majr/methods | Environmental Pollutants/analysis | Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis | India | Insecticides/analysis | Ovum/majr/chemistry | Pesticide Residues/majr/analysis | Sparrows/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0414-9\",\"10.1007/s00128-011-0414-9\")","v":"10.1007/s00128-011-0414-9"},"87","6","684-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875366\",\"21875366\")","v":"21875366"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Cord blood thyroid tests in boys born with and without cryptorchidism: correlations with birth parameters and in utero xenobiotics exposure.",0,0,"Brucker-Davis F, Ferrari P, Boda-Buccino M, Wagner-Mahler K, Pacini P, Gal J, Azuar P, Fenichel P","Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association","Cord blood thyroid tests in boys born with and without cryptorchidism: correlations with birth parameters and in utero xenobiotics exposure.    ABSTRACT:  In utero exposure to environmental chemicals can result in reproductive toxicity via endocrine disruption mechanisms. Whether some of those contaminants also have an impact on fetal thyroid function or pathways, and, thus, potentially on neuropsychological development, is still debated.We used samples from a cord blood (CB) and milk bank, established for a research on cryptorchidism and xenobiotic exposure to compounds known for their anti-androgenic and/or estrogenic activity, to study CB thyroid tests and their correlation with CB and milk xenobiotics concentrations in boys born in Nice area.No difference was found in thyroid tests between 60 cryptorchid boys and 76 matched controls (median thyroid stimulating hormone 5.97 vs. 6.55 mUI/L, free thyroxine [fT4] 13.1 vs. 12.9 pmol/L, free triiodothyronine [fT3] 1.9 vs. 2.1 pmol/L), with no influence of season of birth, gestational age, maternal smoking, or mode of delivery (except for higher fT4 in control boys born vaginally). FT4 was correlated with fetal growth only in cryptorchid boys. Since we had previously shown differences between cryptorchid and controls exposure, we studied correlations of thyroid tests with xenobiotics in control boys only. All tested CB or maternal milk was contaminated by one or more selected xenobiotics, mainly polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro diphenyl dichloroethylène (DDE), dibutylphthalate, hexachlorobenzene, and bisphenol A. We found a significant negative correlation between fT4 and concentrations of PCB118, PC180, and DDE in milk (respectively r = -0.342, p < 0.03, r = -0.296, p = 0.031, r = -0.315, p = 0.016), persisting after adjustment for mode of delivery. There was a significant positive correlation of fT3 with milk concentrations of PCB138, PCB153, ΣPCB, and dibutylphthalate (respectively r = 0.31, p = 0.016, r = 0.28, p = 0.029; r = 0.34, p = 0.0079 and r = 0.272, p = 0.0295), with a trend for PCB180 (r = 0.259, p = 0.061). There was no correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone with any of the measured xenobiotics, except for a weak negative trend with CB bisphenol A (r = -0.25, p = 0.077).CB thyroid tests are within normal range in cryptorchid boys, similar to controls. Our data in controls suggest a possible weak correlation between in utero exposure to some xenobiotics (PCBs, DDE) and fT3 and fT4 CB concentrations, with usually negative correlations with fT4 and positive with fT3 concentrations, which we speculate could suggest an impact on deiodinases.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Xenobiotics|Triiodothyronine|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Thyrotropin|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Thyroxine MeSH:  | Case-Control Studies | Cryptorchidism/majr/blood/chemically induced | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/analysis | Endocrine Disruptors/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/chemistry | France | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Milk, Human/chemistry | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/analysis | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood/chemically induced | Prevalence | Thyroid Function Tests | Thyroid Gland/physiopathology | Thyrotropin/majr/blood | Thyroxine/majr/blood | Triiodothyronine/majr/blood | Xenobiotics/majr/adverse effects/analysis",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2010.0459\",\"10.1089/thy.2010.0459\")","v":"10.1089/thy.2010.0459"},"21","10","1133-41","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D015262:Xenobiotics|D014284:Triiodothyronine|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D013972:Thyrotropin|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D013974:Thyroxine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861166\",\"21861166\")","v":"21861166"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Modelling the impact of toxic and disturbance stress on white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) populations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3252495\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Korsman JC, Schipper AM, Lenders HJ, Foppen RP, Hendriks AJ","Ecotoxicology (London, England)","Modelling the impact of toxic and disturbance stress on white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) populations.    ABSTRACT:  Several studies have related breeding success and survival of sea eagles to toxic or non-toxic stress separately. In the present investigation, we analysed single and combined impacts of both toxic and disturbance stress on populations of white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), using an analytical single-species model. Chemical and eco(toxico)logical data reported from laboratory and field studies were used to parameterise and validate the model. The model was applied to assess the impact of ∑PCB, DDE and disturbance stress on the white-tailed eagle population in The Netherlands. Disturbance stress was incorporated through a 1.6% reduction in survival and a 10-50% reduction in reproduction. ∑PCB contamination from 1950 up to 1987 was found to be too high to allow the return of white-tailed eagle as a breeding species in that period. ∑PCB and population trends simulated for 2006-2050 suggest that future population growth is still reduced. Disturbance stress resulted in a reduced population development. The combination of both toxic and disturbance stress varied from a slower population development to a catastrophical reduction in population size, where the main cause was attributed to the reduction in reproduction of 50%. Application of the model was restricted by the current lack of quantitative dose-response relationships between non-toxic stress and survival and reproduction. Nevertheless, the model provides a first step towards integrating and quantifying the impacts of multiple stressors on white-tailed eagle populations.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Eagles/majr | Environmental Monitoring/methods | Models, Biological/majr | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Population Density | Population Dynamics | Reproducibility of Results | Reproduction/drug effects | Stress, Physiological",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0760-8\",\"10.1007/s10646-011-0760-8\")","v":"10.1007/s10646-011-0760-8"},"21","1","27-36","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21846611\",\"21846611\")","v":"21846611"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Application of computational systems biology to explore environmental toxicity hazards.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3261980\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Audouze K, Grandjean P","Environmental health perspectives","Application of computational systems biology to explore environmental toxicity hazards.    ABSTRACT:  Computer-based modeling is part of a new approach to predictive toxicology.We investigated the usefulness of an integrated computational systems biology approach in a case study involving the isomers and metabolites of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to ascertain their possible links to relevant adverse effects.We extracted chemical-protein association networks for each DDT isomer and its metabolites using ChemProt, a disease chemical biology database that includes both binding and gene expression data, and we explored protein-protein interactions using a human interactome network. To identify associated dysfunctions and diseases, we integrated protein-disease annotations into the protein complexes using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.We found 175 human proteins linked to p,p'-DDT, and 187 to o,p'-DDT.Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) was the metabolite with the highest number of links, with 52. We grouped proteins for each compound based on their disease annotations. Although the two data sources differed in linkage to diseases, integrated results predicted that most diseases were linked to the two DDT isomers. Asthma was uniquely linked with p,p'-DDT, and autism with o,p'-DDT. Several reproductive and neurobehavioral outcomes and cancer types were linked to all three compounds.Computer-based modeling relies on available information. Although differences in linkages to proteins may be due to incomplete data, our results appear meaningful and suggest that the parent DDT compounds may be responsible for more disease connections than the metabolites. The findings illustrate the potential use of computational approaches to toxicology.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hazardous Substances|Proteins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Computational Biology/majr/methods | DDT/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Databases, Genetic | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Hazardous Substances/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Humans | Models, Theoretical/majr | Proteins/majr/metabolism | Risk Assessment | Systems Biology/majr/methods",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103533\",\"10.1289/ehp.1103533\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1103533"},"119","12","1754-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015386:Hazardous Substances|D011506:Proteins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792584\",\"21792584\")","v":"21792584"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Toxicity, dioxin-like activities, and endocrine effects of DDT metabolites--DDA, DDMU, DDMS, and DDCN.",0,0,"Wetterauer B, Ricking M, Otte JC, Hallare AV, Rastall A, Erdinger L, Schwarzbauer J, Braunbeck T, Hollert H","Environmental science and pollution research international","Toxicity, dioxin-like activities, and endocrine effects of DDT metabolites--DDA, DDMU, DDMS, and DDCN.    ABSTRACT:  2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) metabolites, other than those routinely measured [i.e., 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE) and 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (DDD)], have recently been detected in elevated concentrations not only in the surface water of Teltow Canal, Berlin, but also in sediment samples from Elbe tributaries (e.g., Mulde and Havel/Spree). This was paralleled by recent reports that multiple other metabolites could emerge from the degradation of parent DDT by naturally occurring organisms or by interaction with some heavy metals. Nevertheless, only very few data on the biological activities of these metabolites are available to date. The objective of this communication is to evaluate, for the first time, the cytotoxicity, dioxin-like activity, and estrogenicity of the least-studied DDT metabolites.Four DDT metabolites, p,p'-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene (DDMU), p,p'-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethane (DDMS), p,p'-2,2-bis(4-ch1oropheny1)acetonitrile (DDCN), and p,p'-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA), were selected based on their presence in environmental samples in Germany such as in sediments from the Mulde River and Teltow Canal. O,p'-DDT was used as reference in all assays. Cytotoxicity was measured by neutral red retention with the permanent cell line RTG-2 of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Dioxin-like activity was determined using the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deetylase assay. The estrogenic potential was tested in a dot blot/RNAse protection-assay with primary hepatocytes from male rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and in a yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay.All DDT metabolites tested revealed a clear dose-response relationship for cytotoxicity in RTG-2 cells, but no dioxin-like activities with RTL-W1 cells. The dot blot/RNAse protection-assay demonstrated that the highest non-toxic concentrations of these DDT metabolites (50 μM) had vitellogenin-induction potentials comparable to the positive control (1 nM 17β-estradiol). The estrogenic activities could be ranked as o,p'-DDT > p,p'-DDMS > p,p'-DDMU > p,p'-DDCN. In contrast, p,p'-DDA showed a moderate anti-estrogenic effect. In the YES assay, besides the reference o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDMS and p,p'-DDMU displayed dose-dependent estrogenic potentials, whereas p,p'-DDCN and p,p'-DDA did not show any estrogenic potential.The reference toxicant o,p'-DDT displayed a similar spectrum of estrogenic activities similar to 17β-estradiol, however, with a lower potency. Both p,p'-DDMS and p,p'-DDMU were also shown to have dose-dependent estrogenic potentials, which were much lower than the reference o,p'-DDT, in both the vitellogenin and YES bioassays. Interestingly, p,p'-DDA did not show estrogenic activity but rather displayed a tendency towards anti-estrogenic activity by inhibiting the estrogenic effect of 17β-estradiol. The results also showed that the p,p'-metabolites DDMU, DDMS, DDCN, and DDA do not show any dioxin-like activities in RTL-W1 cells, thus resembling the major DDT metabolites DDD and DDE.All the DDT metabolites tested did not exhibit dioxin-like activities in RTL-W1 cells, but show cytotoxic and estrogenic activities. Based on the results of the in vitro assays used in our study and on the reported concentrations of DDT metabolites in contaminated sediments, such substances could, in the future, pose interference with the normal reproductive and endocrine functions in various organisms exposed to these chemicals. Consequently, there is an urgent need to examine more comprehensively the risk of environmental concentrations of the investigated DDT metabolites using in vivo studies. However, this should be paralleled also by periodic evaluation and monitoring of the current levels of the DDT metabolites in environmental matrices.Our results clearly point out the need to integrate the potential ecotoxicological risks associated with the \"neglected\" p,p'-DDT metabolites. For instance, these DDT metabolites should be integrated into sediment risk assessment initiatives in contaminated areas. One major challenge would be the identification of baseline data for such risk assessment. Further studies are also warranted to determine possible additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects that may interfere with the fundamental cytotoxicity and endocrine activities of these metabolites. For a more conclusive assessment of the spectrum of DDT metabolites, additional bioassays are needed to identify potential anti-estrogenic, androgenic, and/or anti-androgenic effects.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Acetonitriles|Amides|Endocrine Disruptors|Estrogens|Metals, Heavy|Sulfones|Vitellogenins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|p,p'-DDCN|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid|DDMS|DDT|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Acetonitriles/chemistry/toxicity | Amides/chemistry/toxicity | Animals | Berlin | DDT/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/chemistry/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/chemistry/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring/majr/methods | Estrogens/metabolism | Geologic Sediments/chemistry | Male | Metals, Heavy/analysis | Oncorhynchus mykiss/majr/growth & development/physiology | Rivers | Sulfones/chemistry/toxicity | Toxicity Tests, Acute/methods | Vitellogenins/analysis/metabolism | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/chemistry/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0570-9\",\"10.1007/s11356-011-0570-9\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-011-0570-9"},"19","2","403-15","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000097:Acetonitriles|D000577:Amides|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004967:Estrogens|D019216:Metals, Heavy|D013450:Sulfones|D014819:Vitellogenins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|C010099:p,p'-DDCN|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C000849:bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid|C117975:DDMS|D003634:DDT|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21750576\",\"21750576\")","v":"21750576"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Neonatal neurodevelopment and prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE): a cohort study in Mexico.",0,0,"Bahena-Medina LA, Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Cebrián ME, Chávez CH, Osorio-Valencia E, Hernández RM, López-Carrillo L","Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","Neonatal neurodevelopment and prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE): a cohort study in Mexico.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is associated with decreased motor development during the first year of life, though the effects of DDE in the neonatal stage are not conclusive. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between prenatal DDE exposure and neonatal neurodevelopment in a cohort from four municipalities in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The children (265), born from pregnancies with no perinatal complications, were evaluated at 1 month of age (± 7 days) for the presence of abnormal reflexes with the Brazelton Scale (NBAS), neurological soft signs with the Graham-Rosenblith Scale, as well as mental and psychomotor development by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Maternal DDE concentrations during each trimester of the pregnancy were determined by gas chromatography. Multiple linear and ordinal logistic models assessed the association between DDE and the outcomes of interest. Prenatal exposure to DDE was associated with a non-significant increase in neurological soft signs (6-8%) and a decrease in psychomotor (β(1T) = -0.02) and mental (β(2T) = -0.03 and β(3T) = -0.19) development. Our results are consistent with previous studies and suggest that prenatal DDE exposure is not associated with neurological functions present in the neonatal stage.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/drug effects | Mexico/epidemiology | Motor Activity | Neonatal Screening/methods | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology/metabolism | Psychomotor Performance",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2011.25\",\"10.1038/jes.2011.25\")","v":"10.1038/jes.2011.25"},"21","6","609-14","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729750\",\"21729750\")","v":"21729750"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Persistent organic pollutants have dose and CAG repeat length dependent effects on androgen receptor activity in vitro.",0,0,"Björk C, Nenonen H, Giwercman A, Bergman Å, Rylander L, Giwercman YL","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Persistent organic pollutants have dose and CAG repeat length dependent effects on androgen receptor activity in vitro.    ABSTRACT:  Recently, the effect of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on sperm concentration was only seen in men with a short androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG repeat. In order to investigate whether these effects could be observed also in vitro, we tested the impact of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (4,4'-DDE) on 5α-dihydrotestosterone activated ARs containing 16, 22 and 28 CAG repeats, respectively. Single exposure to 4,4'-DDE had the most pronounced effect on the AR activity containing 16 CAG repeats, whereas 28 CAG was the most sensitive variant when a mixture of the two compounds was added. Thus, our in vitro results have confirmed the in vivo data indicating a CAG repeat length dependent effect of endocrine disrupters on the AR activity.Copyright Â© 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgens|Environmental Pollutants|Receptors, Androgen|Dihydrotestosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Androgens/pharmacology | Animals | COS Cells | Chlorocebus aethiops | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dihydrotestosterone/pharmacology | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Receptors, Androgen/majr/genetics/metabolism | Trinucleotide Repeats/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.06.075\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.06.075\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.06.075"},"32","3","293-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000728:Androgens|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D013196:Dihydrotestosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21384494\",\"21384494\")","v":"21384494"},0,0,0,0,2013,"p,p'-DDE induces apoptosis and mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes in testes of pubertal rats.",0,0,"Shi YQ, Li HW, Wang YP, Liu CJ, Yang KD","Environmental toxicology","p,p'-DDE induces apoptosis and mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes in testes of pubertal rats.    ABSTRACT:  One,1-dichloro-2,2 bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant and male reproductive toxicant. It has antiandrogenic effect. However, the mechanism by which p,p'-DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning the testicular effects of p,p'-DDE, we sought to investigate apoptotic effects and mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes in the testis of pubertal rats, including Fas, FasL, calpain-1, cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl-w, Bak, and caspase-3, -8, -9, -12. Animals were administered with different doses of p,p'-DDE (0, 20, 60, 100 mg/kg body weight) every other day by intraperitoneal injection for 10 days. The results indicated that p,p'-DDE exposure at over 20 mg/kg body weight showed the induction of apoptotic cell death. p,p'-DDE could induce decrease in SOD and GSH-Px activity of serum in 60 mg/kg body weight group. Significant elevations in the mRNA levels of Fas, FasL, calpain-1, cytochrome c, Bax, Bak, and caspase-3, -8, -9, -12 were observed in testis of rat treated with p,p'-DDE. Taken together, these results lead us to speculate that in vivo exposure to p,p'-DDE might induce testicular apoptosis in pubertal rats through the involvement of Fas/FasL, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated pathways.Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Fas Ligand Protein|Fas protein, rat|Faslg protein, rat|RNA, Messenger|bcl-2-Associated X Protein|fas Receptor|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Malondialdehyde|Cytochromes c|Glutathione Peroxidase|Superoxide Dismutase|Calpain|Caspases MeSH:  | Animals | Apoptosis/majr/drug effects/genetics | Calpain/metabolism | Caspases/metabolism | Cytochromes c/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Fas Ligand Protein/metabolism | Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism | Male | Malondialdehyde/analysis | Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism | RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism | Testis/majr/cytology/drug effects/metabolism | bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism | fas Receptor/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20694\",\"10.1002/tox.20694\")","v":"10.1002/tox.20694"},"28","1","31-41","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D053222:Fas Ligand Protein|C491898:Fas protein, rat|C505662:Faslg protein, rat|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein|D019014:fas Receptor|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D008315:Malondialdehyde|D045304:Cytochromes c|D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase|D013482:Superoxide Dismutase|D002154:Calpain|D020169:Caspases|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338668\",\"21338668\")","v":"21338668"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and sperm quality.",0,0,"Abdelouahab N, Ainmelk Y, Takser L","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and sperm quality.    ABSTRACT:  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are known to be endocrine disruptors and may affect male reproduction. This exploratory study investigated semen parameters and serum thyroid hormones in relation to serum PBDE, PCBs and p-p' DDE in adult men.Fifty-two men were recruited in a fertility clinic. Semen counts were done for each participant. Serum thyroid hormone and PBDE, PCB and p-p' DDE levels were measured. Sociodemographic questionnaire were administered to each participant and all medical data were obtained from medical record.Semen mobility was negatively related to BDE-47, BDE-100 and ΣBDE. No relations were observed with other semen parameters. Thyroxin levels were negatively associated to serum BDE-47, BDE-99, ΣBDE and p-p' DDE and positively related to ΣPCB. No relations were observed between T3, TSH and any of the chemicals measured.These findings increased the evidence that PBDE may interfere with semen quality and thyroid status in general population.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|Polybrominated Biphenyls|Thyroid Hormones|pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100|2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/majr/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Linear Models | Male | Middle Aged | Polybrominated Biphenyls/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/blood | Quebec | Risk Assessment | Risk Factors | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects/pathology | Thyroid Hormones/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.005\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.005\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.005"},"31","4","546-50","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls|D013963:Thyroid Hormones|C517827:pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100|C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21281706\",\"21281706\")","v":"21281706"},0,0,0,0,2011,"p,p'-Dichlorodiphenoxydichloroethylene induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells through oxidative stress-mediated p38 MAPK and mitochondrial pathway.",0,0,"Song Y, Shi Y, Yu H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yang K","Toxicology letters","p,p'-Dichlorodiphenoxydichloroethylene induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells through oxidative stress-mediated p38 MAPK and mitochondrial pathway.    ABSTRACT:  p,p'-DDE, the major metabolite of dichlorodiphenoxytrichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism underlying its male reproductive toxicity remains limited. Our previous studies have demonstrated that p,p'-DDE could induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of cultured rat Sertoli cells. In the present study, we investigated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways as well as other mitochondria-related molecules including Bax family members and cytochrome c. Results showed that p,p'-DDE could induce oxidative stress-mediated p38 and JNK phosphorylation. In addition, elevated mRNA levels of cytochrome c and ratios of bax/bcl-w and bak/bcl-w were induced by p,p'-DDE treatment, which could be inhibited by RNA synthesis inhibitor (actinomycin D). p,p'-DDE-induced apoptosis was blocked by NAC (N-acetyl-L-cystein) preincubation and attenuated by pretreatment with p38 inhibitor (SB202190) or actinomycin D, but not with JNK inhibitor (SP600125). All of the findings suggested that oxidative stress-mediated p38 MAPK pathway and the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic bax-gene family might play critical roles in p,p'-DDE-induced apoptosis.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Anthracenes|Bcl2l2 protein, rat|Imidazoles|Insecticides|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2|Pyridines|RNA, Messenger|bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein|bcl-2-Associated X Protein|pyrazolanthrone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Cytochromes c|p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases|4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole|Acetylcysteine MeSH:  | Acetylcysteine/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism | Animals | Anthracenes/pharmacology | Apoptosis/drug effects | Cell Survival/drug effects | Cytochromes c/genetics/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Gene Expression/drug effects | Imidazoles/pharmacology | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Mitochondria/majr/metabolism | Oxidative Stress/drug effects | Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics/metabolism | Pyridines/pharmacology | RNA, Messenger/metabolism | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Sertoli Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/genetics/metabolism | bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics/metabolism | p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/majr/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.020\",\"10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.020\")","v":"10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.020"},"202","1","55-60","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000873:Anthracenes|C491072:Bcl2l2 protein, rat|D007093:Imidazoles|D007306:Insecticides|D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2|D011725:Pyridines|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein|D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein|C432165:pyrazolanthrone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D045304:Cytochromes c|D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases|C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole|D000111:Acetylcysteine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951795\",\"20951795\")","v":"20951795"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Differential effects of p,p'-DDE on testis and liver mitochondria: implications for reproductive toxicology.",0,0,"Mota PC, Cordeiro M, Pereira SP, Oliveira PJ, Moreno AJ, Ramalho-Santos J","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Differential effects of p,p'-DDE on testis and liver mitochondria: implications for reproductive toxicology.    ABSTRACT:  The release of environmental contaminants can contribute to impaired male fertility. The bioenergetics of isolated liver mitochondria have been used as a toxicological indicator, an inexpensive first line model to screen possible effects of several substances. Here we report the effects of 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloro-ethylene (DDE) on the bioenergetical parameters of testicular mitochondria. A significant decrease in repolarization potential (after a phosphorylative cycle), state 3 respiration and uncoupled respiration, with a concomitant increase in lag phase was found, demonstrating a decrease in mitochondrial function. Importantly, there was also a clear increase in maximum potential in DDE-treated testis mitochondria, which was not mirrored by more commonly used liver mitochondria. Indeed, comparative studies showed that testis and liver mitochondria have strikingly different sensitivities and patterns of response to DDE, indicating that testis mitochondria should be used as a primary toxicological model for a proper evaluation of putative effects of environmental toxicants on the bioenergetics of spermatogenesis and male fertility.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Protons|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Action Potentials/drug effects | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endpoint Determination | Energy Metabolism | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects | Mitochondria, Liver/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Oxygen Consumption/drug effects | Protons | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Testis/majr/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.09.010\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.09.010\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.09.010"},"31","1","80-5","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D011522:Protons|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20832846\",\"20832846\")","v":"20832846"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Concentrations and determinants of organochlorine levels among pregnant women in Eastern Spain.",0,0,"Llop S, Ballester F, Vizcaino E, Murcia M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Rebagliato M, Vioque J, Marco A, Grimalt JO","The Science of the total environment","Concentrations and determinants of organochlorine levels among pregnant women in Eastern Spain.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) comprise a large variety of toxic substances with ample distribution. While exposure to these toxins occurs mainly through diet, maternal POP levels may be influenced by certain sociodemographic, environmental, or lifestyle factors. This is important given that these substances may have adverse effects on fetal development. The aim of this study is to examine the sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle, and dietary determinants of the levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), b-hexachlorocyclohexane (b-HCH), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (4,4'-DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4'-DDE), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB congeners 118, 138, 153, 180) measured in the blood of pregnant women participating in a mother-child cohort study conducted in Valencia (Spain). The study population consisted of 541 pregnant women who formed part of the INMA (Childhood and the Environment) cohort (2004-2006). POP levels were determined in blood taken during the 12th week of pregnancy with the aid of gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Sociodemographic, environmental, and dietary information was obtained from a questionnaire. Multivariate Tobit regression models were constructed in order to assess the association between POP levels and selected covariates. The results showed that all the women had detectable levels of at least one of these compounds while in 43% of the subjects, all eight compounds were detected. The compounds found in the greatest number of women were 4,4'-DDE (100%) and PCBs 153 and 180 (95%). The most important determinants of high POP levels were the mother's age, country of origin, increased body mass index, and number of weeks of breastfeeding after previous pregnancies. With regard to diet, 4,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDE levels increased with the intake of meat, fruit, and cereal. PCB 153 levels increased with the intake of seafood. The levels of HCB, b-HCH, 4,4'-DDT, and 4,4'-DDE observed in this study were slightly higher than in other studies, whereas the PCB levels were similar.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | DDT/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/blood | Hexachlorocyclohexane/blood | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood | Maternal Exposure/majr/statistics & numerical data | Pregnancy/majr/blood | Spain",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.085\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.085\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.085"},"408","23","5758-67","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20819217\",\"20819217\")","v":"20819217"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Association of maternal serum concentrations of 2,2', 4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) levels with birth weight, gestational age and preterm births in Inuit and European populations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2944244\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Wojtyniak BJ, Rabczenko D, Jönsson BA, Zvezday V, Pedersen HS, Rylander L, Toft G, Ludwicki JK, Góralczyk K, Lesovaya A, Hagmar L, Bonde JP","Environmental health : a global access science source","Association of maternal serum concentrations of 2,2', 4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) levels with birth weight, gestational age and preterm births in Inuit and European populations.    ABSTRACT:  Epidemiological studies on the association between maternal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and fetal growth alteration report inconsistent findings which weights in favor of additional studies.Blood samples were collected from interviewed pregnant women in Greenland (572), Kharkiv (611) and Warsaw (258) and were analyzed for CB-153 and p,p'-DDE by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data on birth weight, gestational age and preterm birth were obtained for 1322 singleton live births. We examined the association between natural log-transformed serum POPs concentration and birth weight and gestational age using multiple linear regression and the association with prematurity using logistic regression controlling for potential confounding factors.The median serum concentrations of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE were for Inuit mothers 105.6 and 298.9, for Kharkiv mothers 27.0 and 645.4 and for Warsaw mothers 10.7 and 365.2 ng/g lipids, respectively. Increase in CB-153 concentration by one unit on the log scale in Inuit mothers serum was associated with significant decrease in infant birth weight of -59 g and gestational age by -0.2 week. Decreases observed in the cohorts in Kharkiv (-10 g and -0.1 week) and in Warsaw (-49 g and -0.2 week) were not statistically significant. Increase in p,p'-DDE concentration by one unit on the log scale was associated with a statistically significant decrease in infant birth weight of -39.4 g and -104.3 g and shortening of gestational age of -0.2 week and -0.6 week in the Inuit and Warsaw cohorts, respectively. In the Kharkiv cohort decrease in birth weight (-30.5 g) was not significant, however a shortening of gestational age of -0.2 week per increase in p,p'-DDE concentration by one unit on the log scale was of the borderline significance. There was no significant association between CB-153 and p,p'-DDE concentrations and risk of preterm birth however, in all cohorts the odds ratio was above 1.In utero exposure to POPs may reduce birth weight and gestational age of newborns however, new insights as to why results vary across studies were not apparent.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Biomarkers/blood | Birth Weight/majr/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Gestational Age | Greenland | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood/toxicity | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Premature/growth & development | Inuits | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Poland | Pregnancy | Pregnant Women | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Ukraine | Whites",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-9-56\",\"10.1186/1476-069X-9-56\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069X-9-56"},"9","","56","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20633573\",\"20633573\")","v":"20633573"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Effect of environmental pollutants on oxytocin synthesis and secretion from corpus luteum and on contractions of uterus from pregnant cows.",0,0,"Mlynarczuk J, Wrobel MH, Kotwica J","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","Effect of environmental pollutants on oxytocin synthesis and secretion from corpus luteum and on contractions of uterus from pregnant cows.    ABSTRACT:  Chloro-organic compounds are persistent environmental pollutants and affect many reproductive processes. Oxytocin (OT) synthesized in luteal cells is a local regulator of ovarian activity and uterine contractions. Therefore the effect of xenobiotics on the OT prohormone synthesis, secretion of OT and progesterone (P4) from luteal cells and on myometrial contractions during early pregnancy in cows was investigated. Luteal cells and myometrial strips from a cow at early pregnancy were treated with polychlorinated biphenyl 77 (PCB 77), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (1 or 10 ng/ml). The mRNA expression of neurophysin-I/oxytocin (NP-I/OT) and peptidyl-glycine-alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase (PGA) and concentration of OT and P4 were determined by RT-PCR and EIA, respectively. Moreover, the effect of xenobiotics given with P4 (12 ng/ml) on the basal and OT (10(-7)M) stimulated contractions of myometrial strips was studied. Xenobiotics increased (P<0.05) OT secretion but DDE only stimulated P4 secretion. The ratio of P4 to OT in culture medium was decreased by all xenobiotics during 9-12 weeks of pregnancy. All xenobiotics, except HCH, increased (P<0.05) mRNA expression of NP-I/OT during all stages of pregnancy and all treatments decreased (P<0.05) expression of mRNA for PGA during 9-12 weeks of pregnancy. Myometrial strips were relaxed (P<0.01) after pre-incubation with P4, while each of the xenobiotics jointly with P4 increased (P<0.01) myometrial contractions. In conclusion, the xenobiotics used increased both expression of mRNA for genes involved in OT synthesis and secretion of OT from luteal cells. This decreases the ratio of P4 to OT and presumably, in this manner, the chloro-organic compounds can influence uterine contractions and enhance risk of abortions in pregnant females.2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|RNA, Messenger|Xenobiotics|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Oxytocin|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|o,p'-DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Cells, Cultured | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Hexachlorocyclohexane/toxicity | In Vitro Techniques | Isomerism | Luteal Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Myometrium/majr/drug effects/physiology | Oxytocin/majr/biosynthesis | Pregnancy | RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Uterine Contraction/majr/drug effects | Xenobiotics/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.003\",\"10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.003"},"247","3","243-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D015262:Xenobiotics|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D010121:Oxytocin|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|C016340:o,p'-DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616741\",\"20616741\")","v":"20616741"},0,0,0,0,2010,"DDE in mothers' blood during pregnancy and lower respiratory tract infections in their infants.",0,0,"Sunyer J, Garcia-Esteban R, Alvarez M, Guxens M, Goñi F, Basterrechea M, Vrijheid M, Guerra S, Antó JM","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","DDE in mothers' blood during pregnancy and lower respiratory tract infections in their infants.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and other organochlorines suppress immunity biomarkers in animals and humans. Our aim was to study the association between prenatal levels of DDE and lower respiratory tract infection in infants independently from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other organochlorines.Maternal levels of p'p'-DDE, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p'p-DDT), PCB congeners 28, 118, 138, 153, and 180, hexachlorobenzene, and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane were measured in first trimester serum of 584 pregnant women from a general population-based cohort in Sabadell (Catalonia, Spain). Mothers reported lower respiratory tract infection in interviewer-led questionnaires administered at infant age 6 and 14 months.Thirteen percent of babies had recurrent lower respiratory tract infection during the first 14 months of life. Among the organochlorines, DDE showed the highest levels (median = 112 ng/g lipid); dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was not detectable. The median total PCB level was 85 ng/g. DDE was the only organochlorine that showed an association with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection (at levels >83 ng/g, the first tertile, relative risk = 2.40 [95% confidence interval = 1.19-4.83]), lower respiratory tract infection at 6 months (1.68 [1.06-2.66]), and lower respiratory tract infection at 14 months (1.52 [1.05-2.21]). Adjusting for PCBs, hexachlorobenzene or beta-hexachlorocyclohexane did not confound the association.Immunologic suppression by DDE as observed in experimental studies could explain the relation between DDE and lower respiratory tract infection, independently of PCBs. Exposure to DDE during prenatal life could be critical for the development of the immune and respiratory systems.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|PCB 180|Hexachlorocyclohexane|2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl|2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Bronchiolitis/epidemiology/etiology | Bronchitis/epidemiology/etiology | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/adverse effects/blood | Hexachlorocyclohexane/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Poisson Distribution | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood/chemically induced/epidemiology | Recurrence | Respiratory Tract Infections/majr/epidemiology/etiology | Risk Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181e5ea96\",\"10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181e5ea96\")","v":"10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181e5ea96"},"21","5","729-35","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","C070055:2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|C410127:PCB 180|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|C029790:2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl|C081766:2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20566194\",\"20566194\")","v":"20566194"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Prenatal exposure to the major DDT metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and growth in boys from Mexico.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2935620\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Cupul-Uicab LA, Hernández-Avila M, Terrazas-Medina EA, Pennell ML, Longnecker MP","Environmental research","Prenatal exposure to the major DDT metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and growth in boys from Mexico.    ABSTRACT:  Recent data suggest that prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE may reduce height and increase body mass index (BMI) in childhood, thus potentially raising the risk of adult health problems. The association between prenatal DDE exposure and growth was evaluated in 788 boys from Chiapas, an area of Mexico where DDT was recently used. The median DDE levels in maternal serum at birth (2002-2003) were 2.7 microg/g lipid. 2633 measurements of height (cm) and weight (kg) were obtained in 2004-2005. The median age of the children during follow-up was 18 months (quartiles 14 and 22 months). Height and body mass index (kg/m(2)) were age-standardized and expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS). Multivariate random-effect models for longitudinal data were fitted and predicted height and BMI SDS were estimated from the adjusted models. Overall, associations between prenatal DDE level and height or BMI SDS at any given age were not observed. For example, the predicted values showed that children with the highest exposure (DDE: >9.00 microg/g) compared to those least exposed (DDE: <3.01 microg/g) grew similarly and they had a BMI SDS similar to the referent group. The results do not support the prior findings of an association of DDE exposure with childhood height or BMI.Published by Elsevier Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Birth Weight/drug effects | Body Height/drug effects | Body Mass Index | DDT/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/blood/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/statistics & numerical data | Mexico | Pregnancy | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.06.001\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2010.06.001\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2010.06.001"},"110","6","595-603","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20518048\",\"20518048\")","v":"20518048"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Modeling continuous auxiliary covariate data in generalized linear mixed models using the kernel smoother.",0,0,"Chen J, Lin CD","Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift","Modeling continuous auxiliary covariate data in generalized linear mixed models using the kernel smoother.    ABSTRACT:  Auxiliary covariate data are often collected in biomedical studies when the primary exposure variable is only assessed on a subset of the study subjects. In this study, we investigate a semiparametric-estimated likelihood estimation for the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) in the presence of a continuous auxiliary variable. We use a kernel smoother to handle continuous auxiliary data. The method can be used to deal with missing or mismeasured covariate data problems in a variety of applications when an auxiliary variable is available and cluster sizes are not too small. Simulation study results show that the proposed method performs better than that which ignores the random effects in GLMM and that which only uses data in the validation data set. We illustrate the proposed method with a real data set from a recent environmental epidemiology study on the maternal serum 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene level in relationship to preterm births.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Analysis of Variance | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Likelihood Functions | Linear Models | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Models, Statistical/majr | Pregnancy | Premature Birth/chemically induced/epidemiology | United States/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200900139\",\"10.1002/bimj.200900139\")","v":"10.1002/bimj.200900139"},"52","3","362-76","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20459724\",\"20459724\")","v":"20459724"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Fetal loss and maternal serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorbiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure: a cohort study in Greenland and two European populations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2877014\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Toft G, Thulstrup AM, Jönsson BA, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Zvezday V, Bonde JP","Environmental health : a global access science source","Fetal loss and maternal serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorbiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure: a cohort study in Greenland and two European populations.    ABSTRACT:  In the present study, the aim is to examine the risk of fetal loss related to environmental 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) or 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure.We related LC/MS/MS measurements of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE in serum samples to interview-data on previous fetal loss in populations of pregnant women from Poland, Ukraine and Greenland.In total, 1710 women were interviewed, and 678 of these had at least one previous pregnancy. The risk of ever experiencing a fetal loss increased at higher levels of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE exposure, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.4; confidence interval (CI) (1.1-5.5) for CB-153>200 ng/g lipid compared to 0-25 ng CB-153/g lipid and OR of 2.5 CI (0.9-6.6) for p,p'-DDE>1500 ng/g lipid compared to 0-250 ng DDE/g lipid. However, no clear dose response associations were observed. The results further suggest that high level of organochlorine serum concentrations may be related to repeated loss.The risk of fetal loss may increase at higher levels of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE exposure, although lack of dose response and inconsistencies between countries did not allow for firm conclusions.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Triglycerides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Cholesterol|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Cholesterol/blood | Cohort Studies | Confidence Intervals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Fetal Death/majr/chemically induced | Greenland/epidemiology | Humans | Linear Models | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Odds Ratio | Poland/epidemiology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Pregnancy | Triglycerides/blood | Ukraine/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-9-22\",\"10.1186/1476-069X-9-22\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069X-9-22"},"9","","22","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014280:Triglycerides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D002784:Cholesterol|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20441591\",\"20441591\")","v":"20441591"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Communicating serum chemical concentrations to study participants: follow up survey.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2881911\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Buck AJ, Vena JE, McGuinness BM, Cooney MA, Louis GM","Environmental health : a global access science source","Communicating serum chemical concentrations to study participants: follow up survey.    ABSTRACT:  A considerable literature now supports the importance of effective communication with study participants, including how best to develop communication plans focusing on the uncertainty of health risks associated with particular environmental exposures. Strategies for communicating individual concentrations of environmental chemicals in human biological samples in the absence of clearly established safe or hazardous levels have been discussed from a conceptual basis and to a lesser extent from an empirical basis. We designed and evaluated an empirically based communication strategy for women of reproductive age who previously participated in a prospective study focusing on persistent environmental chemicals and reproductive outcomes.A cohort of women followed from preconception through pregnancy or up to 12 menstrual cycles without pregnancy was given their individual serum concentrations for lead, dichloro-2,2-bisp-chlorophenyl ethylene, and select polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Two versions of standardized letters were prepared depending upon women's exposure status, which was characterized as low or high. Letters included an introduction, individual concentrations, population reference values and guidance for minimizing future exposures. Participants were actively monitored for any questions or concerns following receipt of letters.Ninety-eight women were sent letters informing them of their individual concentrations to select study chemicals. None of the 89 (91%) participating women irrespective of exposure status contacted the research team with questions or concerns about communicated exposures despite an invitation to do so.Our findings suggest that study participants can be informed about their individual serum concentrations without generating unnecessary concern.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Lead|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Cohort Studies | Communication | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/standards | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Great Lakes Region | Humans | Lead/blood | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood | Pregnancy | Research Subjects/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-9-20\",\"10.1186/1476-069X-9-20\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069X-9-20"},"9","","20","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007854:Lead|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20415756\",\"20415756\")","v":"20415756"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and infant growth: an analysis of the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Babies Study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2872251\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Pan IJ, Daniels JL, Herring AH, Rogan WJ, Siega-Riz AM, Goldman BD, Sjödin A","Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","Lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and infant growth: an analysis of the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Babies Study.    ABSTRACT:  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the most stable metabolite of p,p'-DDT, are persistent organic pollutants and environmental endocrine disruptors. Infant exposure to these chemicals through breast feeding may influence children's growth, but this potential adverse effect could be complicated by the coexisting benefits of breast feeding. This study examined the associations between lactational exposure to these chemicals and infant growth in the first 12 months by using data from the Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Babies Study in central North Carolina, United States, 2004-06. The study population was restricted to the infants who were breast fed for 6 months or longer. PCBs, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were measured in breast milk at 3 months postpartum. Lactational exposure up to 12 months of age was estimated as the product of chemical concentrations and the duration of breast feeding. The infant's weight and length were recorded from the medical record for each routine paediatric well-child visit in the first 12 months. Women-child pairs who breast fed for 6 months or longer and returned the growth card (n = 210) were included in the study. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the associations between chemical concentrations in breast milk and longitudinal infant weight and length measurements in the first 6 months. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between lactational exposure to chemicals until 12 months of age and the z-scores of infant weight, length and weight-for-length at 12 months. Overall, no association was observed. Breast feeding for 6 months or longer, with lactational exposure to PCBs, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE at the low background level concentrations studied here, resulted in no measurable influence on infant growth in the first 12 months.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Body Height/drug effects | Body Weight/drug effects | Breast Feeding | Child | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Child, Preschool | DDT/majr/analysis/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Humans | Infant | Linear Models | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Milk, Human/majr/chemistry | Multivariate Analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01114.x\",\"10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01114.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01114.x"},"24","3","262-71","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20221793\",\"20221793\")","v":"20221793"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Distribution of persistent organochlorine chemical residues in blood plasma of three species of vultures from India.",0,0,"Dhananjayan V, Muralidharan S, Jayanthi P","Environmental monitoring and assessment","Distribution of persistent organochlorine chemical residues in blood plasma of three species of vultures from India.    ABSTRACT:  The presence of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in blood plasma of white-backed vulture Gyps bengalensis, Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, and griffon vulture Gyps fulvus collected from Ahmedabad, India. All the samples had varying levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs. Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences among species were detected for beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), ∑HCH, and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT). The mean concentration of ∑HCH, ∑DDT, and ∑PCBs among plasma ranged from 43.7 to 136, 8.8 to 64.8, and 226 to 585 ng/ml, respectively. Among the various OCPs analyzed, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) was detected most frequently. The concentrations of cyclodiene insecticides detected were lower than the other organochlorine residues. The levels of pesticides measured in plasma samples of three species of vulture were comparable to the results documented for a number of avian species and were lower than those reported to have deleterious effects on survival or reproduction of birds. Although no threat is posed by any of the organochlorine pesticides detected, continuous monitoring of breeding colonies is recommended. This study is also the first account of a comprehensive analysis of toxicants present in blood plasma of vulture species in India. The values reported in this study can serve as guidelines for future research in general as well as control values during the analysis of samples obtained from birds in the event of suspected organochlorine poisoning.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Environmental Monitoring | Environmental Pollutants/blood | Falconiformes/majr/blood | Hexachlorocyclohexane/blood | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood | India | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1424-5\",\"10.1007/s10661-010-1424-5\")","v":"10.1007/s10661-010-1424-5"},"173","1-4","803-11","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20196143\",\"20196143\")","v":"20196143"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and hypospadias in offspring.",0,0,"Giordano F, Abballe A, De Felip E, di Domenico A, Ferro F, Grammatico P, Ingelido AM, Marra V, Marrocco G, Vallasciani S, Figà-Talamanca I","Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology","Maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and hypospadias in offspring.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are suspected risk factors in the etiology of hypospadias. The aim of this case-control study was to test the hypothesis of an association between maternal environmental exposures to EDCs and hypospadias in the offspring.Detailed questionnaire data on occupational and dietary exposures to EDCs in the perinatal period were collected from 80 mothers with hypospadiac infants and from 80 mothers with healthy controls within 24 months of childbirth. Maternal exposure to selected EDCs was also ascertained by measuring the concentration of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, and several polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the serum of primiparous mothers of 37 cases and 21 controls.The risk to bear an hypospadiac infant was associated with perinatal maternal occupational exposures to EDCs evaluated by a job-exposure matrix: jobs with exposure to one class of EDCs (odds ratios [OR](crude), 2.83; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.32-6.07; OR(adjusted), 2.44; 95% CI, 1.06-5.61) and jobs with exposure to more than one group of EDCs (OR(crude), 4.27; 95% CI, 1.43-12.78; OR(adjusted), 4.11; 95%CI, 1.34-12.59). Increase in risk was also found among mothers consuming a diet rich in fish or shellfish (OR(crude), 3.41; 95% CI, 1.42-8.23; OR(adjusted), 2.73; 95%CI, 1.09-6.82). Serum hexachlorobenzene concentration above the median of all subjects was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias (OR(adjusted), 5.50; 95% CI, 1.24-24.31).This study, although based on a limited number of cases, for the first time provides evidence of an association between maternal exposure to EDCs, in particular elevated plasma hexachlorobenzene concentration, and the development of hypospadias in the offspring.(c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Diet/statistics & numerical data | Diseases in Twins/epidemiology | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/adverse effects | Female | Food Contamination/majr | Hexachlorobenzene/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Hypospadias/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Small for Gestational Age | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Middle Aged | Occupational Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Paternal Exposure/adverse effects | Pesticides/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Rome/epidemiology | Seafood/majr/adverse effects | Surveys and Questionnaires | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdra.20657\",\"10.1002/bdra.20657\")","v":"10.1002/bdra.20657"},"88","4","241-50","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150656\",\"20150656\")","v":"20150656"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Stochastically ordered multiple regression.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3658492\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Bornkamp B, Ickstadt K, Dunson D","Biostatistics (Oxford, England)","Stochastically ordered multiple regression.    ABSTRACT:  In various application areas, prior information is available about the direction of the effects of multiple predictors on the conditional response distribution. For example, in epidemiology studies of potentially adverse exposures and continuous health responses, one can typically assume a priori that increasing the level of an exposure does not lead to an improvement in the health response. Such an assumption can be formalized through a stochastic ordering assumption in each of the exposures, leading to a potentially large improvement in efficiency in nonparametric modeling of the conditional response distribution. This article proposes a Bayesian nonparametric approach to this problem based on characterizing the conditional response density as a Gaussian mixture, with the locations of the Gaussian means varying flexibly with predictors subject to minimal constraints to ensure stochastic ordering. Theoretical properties are considered and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed for posterior computation. The methods are illustrated using simulation examples and a reproductive epidemiology application.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Bayes Theorem/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Female | Gestational Age | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Maternal Exposure | Models, Statistical/majr | Multivariate Analysis/majr | Pregnancy | Stochastic Processes/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxq001\",\"10.1093/biostatistics/kxq001\")","v":"10.1093/biostatistics/kxq001"},"11","3","419-31","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20108533\",\"20108533\")","v":"20108533"},0,0,0,0,2009,"New insights in the pathogenesis of atopic disease.",1,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5685145\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Ionescu JG","Journal of medicine and life","New insights in the pathogenesis of atopic disease.    ABSTRACT:  A causal link between the increasing environmental pollution and the fast spreading of allergic diseases is currently discussed. The exogenic and endogenic noxious agents contributing to the total environmental load are primarily acting through immunotoxic, sensitizing and neurotoxic mechanisms in animal experiments and in humans. Beside classic allergic-triggering factors (allergen potency, intermittent exposure to different allergen concentrations, presence of microbial bodies and sensitizing phenols), the adjuvant role of environmental pollutants gains increasing importance in allergy induction. Our therapy experience with more than 18.000 atopic eczema patients shows that beside allergic reactions pseudoallergic mechanisms through toxic environmental agents (formaldehyde, industrial and traffic smog, wood preservatives, microbial toxins, additive-rich food, nicotine, alcohol, pesticides, solvents, amalgam-heavy metals) are increasingly incriminated as causal factors for the complex symptomatology. The avoidance and elimination of such triggering factors before and during pregnancy and in early childhood may result in a significant decrease of the incidence of atopic diseases.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Histamine|DDT|Dieldrin MeSH:  | Child, Preschool | DDT/adverse effects | Dermatitis, Atopic/majr/etiology/prevention & control | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Dieldrin/adverse effects | Energy Metabolism | Environmental Pollution/majr/adverse effects | Female | Histamine/blood | Humans | Hypersensitivity/majr/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control | Infant | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications/etiology/prevention & control",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"2","2","146-54","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006632:Histamine|D003634:DDT|D004026:Dieldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20025943\",\"20025943\")","v":"20025943"},0,0,0,0,2010,"p,p'-DDE induces testicular apoptosis in prepubertal rats via the Fas/FasL pathway.",0,0,"Shi YQ, Wang YP, Song Y, Li HW, Liu CJ, Wu ZG, Yang KD","Toxicology letters","p,p'-DDE induces testicular apoptosis in prepubertal rats via the Fas/FasL pathway.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-Dichloro-2,2 bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant and male reproductive toxicant. It has antiandrogenic effect. However, the mechanism by which p,p'-DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning the testicular effects of p,p'-DDE, we sought to investigate Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway in the testis of prepubertal rats, including Fas, FasL, caspase-8, -3, and NF-kappaB. Animals were administered with different doses of p,p'-DDE (0, 20, 60, 100mg/kg b.wt) every other day by intraperitoneal injection for 10 days. The results indicated that p,p'-DDE exposure at over 20mg/kg b.wt showed the induction of apoptotic cell death. p,p'-DDE could induce increase in the MDA level, and decrease in SOD and GSH-Px activity. Significant elevations in the mRNA levels of Fas along with an increase in FasL, caspase-3, -8 were observed in 100mg/kg b.wt group. In protein level, p,p'-DDE could induce increase of FasL and reduction of procaspase-8. NF-kappaB p65 was activated by p,p'-DDE treatment in rat testis. In addition, the activities of caspase-3, -8 were increased in 100mg/kg b.wt group. Taken together, these results lead us to speculate that in vivo exposure to p,p'-DDE might induce testicular apoptosis in prepubertal rats through the Fas/FasL pathway.Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Fas Ligand Protein|Insecticides|NF-kappa B|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Malondialdehyde|Glutathione Peroxidase|Superoxide Dismutase|Caspase 3|Caspase 8 MeSH:  | Animals | Apoptosis/majr/drug effects | Blotting, Western | Body Weight/drug effects | Caspase 3/metabolism | Caspase 8/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Fas Ligand Protein/majr/physiology | Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism | In Situ Nick-End Labeling | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Malondialdehyde/metabolism | NF-kappa B/biosynthesis | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Sexual Maturation | Signal Transduction/drug effects | Spermatogenesis/drug effects | Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism | Testis/majr/drug effects/pathology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.008\",\"10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.008\")","v":"10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.008"},"193","1","79-85","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D053222:Fas Ligand Protein|D007306:Insecticides|D016328:NF-kappa B|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D008315:Malondialdehyde|D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase|D013482:Superoxide Dismutase|D053148:Caspase 3|D053181:Caspase 8|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19937112\",\"19937112\")","v":"19937112"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Chemical fate and biological effects of several endocrine disrupters compounds in two echinoderm species.",0,0,"Sugni M, Tremolada P, Porte C, Barbaglio A, Bonasoro F, Carnevali MD","Ecotoxicology (London, England)","Chemical fate and biological effects of several endocrine disrupters compounds in two echinoderm species.    ABSTRACT:  Two echinoderm species, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the feather star Antedon mediterranea, were exposed for 28 days to several EDCs: three putative androgenic compounds, triphenyltin (TPT), fenarimol (FEN), methyltestosterone (MET), and two putative antiandrogenic compounds, p,p'-DDE (DDE) and cyproterone acetate (CPA). The exposure nominal concentrations were from 10 to 3000 ng L(-1), depending on the compound. This paper is an attempt to join three different aspects coming from our ecotoxicological tests: (1) the chemical behaviour inside the experimental system; (2) the measured toxicological endpoints; (3) the biochemical responses, to which the measured endpoints may depend. The chemical fate of the different compounds was enquired by a modelling approach throughout the application of the 'Aquarium model'. An estimation of the day-to-day concentration levels in water and biota were obtained together with the amount assumed each day by each animal (uptake in microg animal(-1) d(-1) or ng g-wet weight(-1) d(-1)). The toxicological endpoints investigated deal with the reproductive potential (gonad maturation stage, gonad index and oocyte diameter) and with the regenerative potential (growth and histology). Almost all the compounds exerted some kind of effect at the tested concentrations, however TPT was the most effective in altering both reproductive and regenerative parameters (also at the concentration of few ng L(-1)). The biochemical analyses of testosterone (T) and 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) also showed the ability of the selected compounds to significantly alter endogenous steroid concentrations.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Organotin Compounds|Pyrimidines|Steroids|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Cyproterone Acetate|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|triphenyltin|fenarimol|Methyltestosterone MeSH:  | Animals | Cell Size | Cyproterone Acetate/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Echinodermata/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Gonads/cytology/drug effects | Methyltestosterone/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Models, Chemical | Organotin Compounds/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Paracentrotus/drug effects/metabolism | Pyrimidines/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Steroids/metabolism | Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/metabolism/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0439-6\",\"10.1007/s10646-009-0439-6\")","v":"10.1007/s10646-009-0439-6"},"19","3","538-54","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D009947:Organotin Compounds|D011743:Pyrimidines|D013256:Steroids|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D017373:Cyproterone Acetate|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C030665:triphenyltin|C033789:fenarimol|D008777:Methyltestosterone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921913\",\"19921913\")","v":"19921913"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Organochlorine compounds, iodine intake, and thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy.",0,0,"Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Guxens M, Ibarluzea J, Rebagliato M, Rodriguez A, Espada M, Goñi F, Basterrechea M, Sunyer J","Environmental science & technology","Organochlorine compounds, iodine intake, and thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy.    ABSTRACT:  The effect of organochlorine compounds (OCs) on thyroid function, as well as the potential confounding effect of iodine intake, was studied in a large sample of pregnant women from two population-based cohort studies in Sabadell (n = 520) and Gipuzkoa (n = 570), Spain. Thyroid hormones (free T4 and total T3), thyrotropin, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB congeners 118, 138, 153, and 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p'p'-DDE) and dichlorodiphenyl richloroethane (p'p-DDT) were measured in serum samples collected at first trimester of pregnancy. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured and iodine intake from diet, iodized salt, and supplements were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Levels of HCB and PCBs congeners 180, 153, and 138 were related to lowe rtotal T3 levels (adjusted coefficient (SE): -4.0(1.1), -6.1(1.6), -5.5(1.6), and 3.8(1.4), respectively) and higher free T4 levels (adjusted coefficient (SE): 0.013(0.05), 0.017(0.007), 0.016(0.007), and 0.007(0.006), respectively). These associations were homogeneous in both cohorts, especially for PCBs and total T3 (p-value forthe interaction between cohorts >0.8). Iodine intake and UIC did not affect the association between OCs and thyroid hormones. Our results indicate that exposure to OCs during pregnancy can alter TH levels.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Triiodothyronine|Thyrotropin|Iodine MeSH:  | Cohort Studies | Cross-Sectional Studies | Environmental Exposure | Female | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects | Iodine/majr/administration & dosage | Pregnancy/majr/blood | Thyrotropin/majr/blood | Triiodothyronine/majr/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9007273\",\"10.1021/es9007273\")","v":"10.1021/es9007273"},"43","20","7909-15","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D014284:Triiodothyronine|D013972:Thyrotropin|D007455:Iodine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19911313\",\"19911313\")","v":"19911313"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Food safety.",1,0,"Borchers A, Teuber SS, Keen CL, Gershwin ME","Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology","Food safety.    ABSTRACT:  Food can never be entirely safe. Food safety is threatened by numerous pathogens that cause a variety of foodborne diseases, algal toxins that cause mostly acute disease, and fungal toxins that may be acutely toxic but may also have chronic sequelae, such as teratogenic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic, and estrogenic effects. Perhaps more worrisome, the industrial activities of the last century and more have resulted in massive increases in our exposure to toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, which now are present in the entire food chain and exhibit various toxicities. Industrial processes also released chemicals that, although banned a long time ago, persist in the environment and contaminate our food. These include organochlorine compounds, such as 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene) (DDT), other pesticides, dioxins, and dioxin-like compounds. DDT and its breakdown product dichlorophenyl dichloroethylene affect the developing male and female reproductive organs. In addition, there is increasing evidence that they exhibit neurodevelopmental toxicities in human infants and children. They share this characteristic with the dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Other food contaminants can arise from the treatment of animals with veterinary drugs or the spraying of food crops, which may leave residues. Among the pesticides applied to food crops, the organophosphates have been the focus of much regulatory attention because there is growing evidence that they, too, affect the developing brain. Numerous chemical contaminants are formed during the processing and cooking of foods. Many of them are known or suspected carcinogens. Other food contaminants leach from the packaging or storage containers. Examples that have garnered increasing attention in recent years are phthalates, which have been shown to induce malformations in the male reproductive system in laboratory animals, and bisphenol A, which negatively affects the development of the central nervous system and the male reproductive organs. Genetically modified foods present new challenges to regulatory agencies around the world because consumer fears that the possible health risks of these foods have not been allayed. An emerging threat to food safety possibly comes from the increasing use of nanomaterials, which are already used in packaging materials, even though their toxicity remains largely unexplored. Numerous scientific groups have underscored the importance of addressing this issue and developing the necessary tools for doing so. Governmental agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration and other agencies in the USA and their counterparts in other nations have the increasingly difficult task of monitoring the food supply for these chemicals and determining the human health risks associated with exposure to these substances. The approach taken until recently focused on one chemical at a time and one exposure route (oral, inhalational, dermal) at a time. It is increasingly recognized, however, that many of the numerous chemicals we are exposed to everyday are ubiquitous, resulting in exposure from food, water, air, dust, and soil. In addition, many of these chemicals act on the same target tissue by similar mechanisms. \"Mixture toxicology\" is a rapidly growing science that addresses the complex interactions between chemicals and investigates the effects of cumulative exposure to such \"common mechanism groups\" of chemicals. It is to be hoped that this results in a deeper understanding of the risks we face from multiple concurrent exposures and makes our food supply safer.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzhydryl Compounds|Food Additives|Metals|Phenols|Phthalic Acids|phthalic acid|bisphenol A MeSH:  | Benzhydryl Compounds | Congenital Abnormalities/majr/etiology | Female | Food/majr/adverse effects | Food Additives/majr/adverse effects | Food Hypersensitivity/majr/etiology/immunology | Food Safety/majr | Food-Processing Industry | Genital Neoplasms, Male/majr/chemically induced/pathology | Humans | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Metals/adverse effects | Phenols/adverse effects | Phthalic Acids/adverse effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12016-009-8176-4\",\"10.1007/s12016-009-8176-4\")","v":"10.1007/s12016-009-8176-4"},"39","2","95-141","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds|D005503:Food Additives|D008670:Metals|D010636:Phenols|D010795:Phthalic Acids|C032279:phthalic acid|C006780:bisphenol A|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875155\",\"19875155\")","v":"19875155"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Influence of sex, maturity and reproduction on PCB and p,p'DDE concentrations and repartitions in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius, L.) from the Gulf of Lions (N.W. Mediterranean).",0,0,"Bodiguel X, Loizeau V, Le Guellec AM, Roupsard F, Philippon X, Mellon-Duval C","The Science of the total environment","Influence of sex, maturity and reproduction on PCB and p,p'DDE concentrations and repartitions in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius, L.) from the Gulf of Lions (N.W. Mediterranean).    ABSTRACT:  The main objective of this work was to establish the influence of sex, maturity and reproduction on the contamination of the demersal fish Merluccius merluccius by organochlorine compounds. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'DDE were quantified in muscle, liver and gonads of female and male hakes collected in the Gulf of Lions in 2004 and 2005. Observed levels appeared higher than the population of the Bay of Biscay and lower than the population of the Thyrrenian Sea. Contaminant fingerprints were roughly constant whatever the studied organ and the hake biological condition. Concentrations varied significantly according to the sex and maturity of hakes. Mature specimens were more contaminated than immature, and males presented higher levels than females. This sex effect can be linked to a lower growth rate of males, and a contaminant elimination during female spawning. Gonadal contamination depends on the importance of lipid content and increases with the maturation degree. Although the main organ of energy and PCB storage is the liver, muscle appears as the main contributor to the gonad contamination.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Age Factors | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Female | Gadiformes/majr/metabolism | Gonads/metabolism | Liver/metabolism | Male | Mediterranean Sea | Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Seasons | Sex Factors | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/pharmacokinetics/poisoning",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.004\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.004\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.004"},"408","2","304-11","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865049\",\"19865049\")","v":"19865049"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Outcome of in-vitro fertilization treatment and DDT levels in serum and follicular fluid.",0,0,"Al-Saleh I, Coskun S, El-Doush I, Billedo G, Mashhour A, Jaroudi K, Al-Shahrani A, Al-Mayman H, Mohamed G","Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research","Outcome of in-vitro fertilization treatment and DDT levels in serum and follicular fluid.    ABSTRACT:  Although p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is banned for agricultural purpose in Saudi Arabia, it is occasionally used to control vector-borne diseases in certain regions of the country.A case-control study was designed to investigate the possible effects of DDT and its metabolites on pregnancy and fertilization rate outcome. The study population was composed of 619 Saudi women (age 19-50 years) who sought in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment between 2002 and 2003.p,p'-DDE, the main metabolite of DDT, was the most frequently detected residue in serum or follicular fluid, with mean values of 1.646 microg/L and 0.407 microg/L, respectively. After controlling for many potential confounding variables, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed no association between pregnancy outcome or fertilization rate and p,p'-DDE levels in serum or follicular fluid.The inability to identify an effect may be related to the comparatively low concentrations of DDE in our population. But because p,p'-DDE was detected in the serum of 77.7% our participants, it should be considered as a matter of public heath concern. Currently there is no active source of DDT in our region; therefore, further studies are needed to identify sources in order to develop preventive measures because we can not exclude its potential reproductive toxicity.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Adult | Analysis of Variance | DDT/majr/blood | Demography | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/blood | Female | Fertilization in Vitro/majr | Follicular Fluid/majr/chemistry | Humans | Middle Aged | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome/majr | Regression Analysis | Reproduction | Risk Factors | Saudi Arabia | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"15","11","BR320-33","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19733589\",\"19733589\")","v":"19733589"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) exposure and neurodevelopment: a follow-up from 12 to 30 months of age.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2789862\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Cebrián ME, Hernández Mdel C, Valencia EO, García Hernández RM, López-Carrillo L","Neurotoxicology","Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) exposure and neurodevelopment: a follow-up from 12 to 30 months of age.    ABSTRACT:  In order to evaluate the persistency of the association between DDE and infant neurodevelopment we assessed mental and psychomotor development between 12 and 30 months of age in an ongoing cohort in Mexico. A total of 270 singleton children without perinatal asphyxia diagnosis, with a birth weight > or =2 kg, mothers>15 years of age with organochlorine maternal serum levels measured at least in one trimester of pregnancy, and who were evaluated at least in two of the four visits at 12, 18, 24 and 30 months of age, were included in this report. The Spanish version of Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID_II; Bayley, 1993) was administered to the children and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Mental Development Index (MDI) were calculated. Information about stimulation at home was measured using the Home Observation of Measurement of the Environment (HOME) at 6 months, and breastfeeding history was obtained through direct interviews with the mothers. Maternal serum DDE levels were determined during pregnancy by means of electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. The association between DDE prenatal exposure and neurodevelopment was estimated using separate generalized mixed effects models. Our results suggest that the association between prenatal DDE and infant neurodevelopment does not persist beyond 12 months of age even after adjusting for known risk factors for neurodevelopment. In addition, we observed an interaction between early home stimulation and mental improvement at 24 and 30 months of age (p<0.001). The association of DDE with infant neurodevelopment seems to be reversible. However, we cannot rule out that other DDT metabolites may play a role in neurodevelopment.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adolescent | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Child, Preschool | Cohort Studies | Developmental Disabilities | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Mental Disorders/chemically induced | Mental Status Schedule | Mexico/epidemiology | Motor Skills Disorders/etiology | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology/physiopathology | Retrospective Studies | Time Factors | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2009.08.010\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2009.08.010\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2009.08.010"},"30","6","1162-5","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710045\",\"19710045\")","v":"19710045"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Seafood consumption in pregnancy and infant size at birth: results from a prospective Spanish cohort.",0,0,"Mendez MA, Plana E, Guxens M, Foradada Morillo CM, Albareda RM, Garcia-Esteban R, Goñi F, Kogevinas M, Sunyer J","Journal of epidemiology and community health","Seafood consumption in pregnancy and infant size at birth: results from a prospective Spanish cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Studies on maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) births have yielded inconsistent results. As few studies have examined associations with specific seafood subtypes or accounted simultaneously for exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it is uncertain to what extent intakes of seafood subtypes with variable contaminant or fatty acid content may explain these inconsistencies.A cohort of 657 women recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy from a Mediterranean area with high seafood intakes was followed through birth. Dietary intakes were estimated using a validated questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between SGA and intakes of fatty fish, lean fish, canned tuna, crustaceans and other shellfish, adjusting for parity, child sex, parental anthropometry, socio-economic factors and serum levels of several POPs, including several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE).Overall, 7.8% of infants were SGA. Maternal consumption of crustaceans (more than once/week) and canned tuna (more than once/week was associated with a significantly increased risk of SGA. Fatty fish (more than once/week) was associated with weaker and generally non-significant increases in risk, while lean fish and other shellfish were not associated with SGA. Adjusting for contaminants did not meaningfully change results.Higher maternal intakes of crustaceans and canned tuna, but not other types of seafood, were associated with increased risk of SGA independently of several POPs. Future studies exploring seafood subtypes and additional contaminants are needed to determine whether these associations are causal and identify mechanisms involved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Birth Weight/majr | Cohort Studies | Crustacea | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Diet/majr | Diet Records | Female | Food Contamination/majr | Gestational Age | Hexachlorobenzene/blood | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Small for Gestational Age/majr | Logistic Models | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood | Pregnancy | Prospective Studies | Risk Factors | Seafood/majr/adverse effects | Spain/epidemiology | Surveys and Questionnaires | Tuna | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.081893\",\"10.1136/jech.2008.081893\")","v":"10.1136/jech.2008.081893"},"64","3","216-22","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707252\",\"19707252\")","v":"19707252"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone levels.",0,0,"Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Vizcaino E, Murcia M, Fuentes V, Garcia AM, Rebagliato M, Grimalt JO, Ballester F","Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone levels.    ABSTRACT:  It has been suggested that prenatal exposure to some organochlorine compounds (OCs) may adversely affect thyroid function and may, therefore, impair neurodevelopment. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship of cord serum levels of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (4,4'-DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4'-DDE), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), four individual polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners (118, 138, 153, and 180), and their sum, with neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in blood samples in a mother-infant cohort in Valencia, Spain. This study included 453 infants born between 2004 and 2006. We measured OC concentrations in umbilical cord serum and TSH in blood of newborns shortly after birth. Associations between neonatal TSH levels and prenatal OC exposure adjusted for covariates were assessed using multivariate linear regression analyses. Neonatal TSH levels tended to be higher in newborns with β-HCH levels in umbilical cord above 90th percentile (104 ng/g lipid) than in those with levels below the median (34 ng/g lipid), with an adjusted increment in neonatal TSH levels of 21% (95% confidence interval=-3, 51; P=0.09). No statistically significant association was found between the remaining OCs and TSH at birth. Prenatal exposure to β-HCH may affect neonatal thyroid hormone status and its function in neurological development.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Polychloroterphenyl Compounds|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|Thyrotropin|DDT|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Cohort Studies | DDT/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Hexachlorobenzene/adverse effects/blood | Hexachlorocyclohexane/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects | Infant, Newborn/majr/blood | Male | Polychloroterphenyl Compounds/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood | Regression Analysis | Spain | Thyroid Gland/drug effects/embryology | Thyrotropin/majr/blood | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2009.47\",\"10.1038/jes.2009.47\")","v":"10.1038/jes.2009.47"},"20","7","579-88","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D011080:Polychloroterphenyl Compounds|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D013972:Thyrotropin|D003634:DDT|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644561\",\"19644561\")","v":"19644561"},0,0,0,0,2009,"p,p'-DDE induces apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells via a FasL-dependent pathway.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2717566\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Shi Y, Song Y, Wang Y, Liang X, Hu Y, Guan X, Cheng J, Yang K","Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology","p,p'-DDE induces apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells via a FasL-dependent pathway.    ABSTRACT:  One,1-dichloro-2,2 bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2-bis(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant and male reproductive toxicant. It has antiandrogenic effect. However, the mechanism by which p,p'-DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. In the present study, rat Sertoli cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in p,p'-DDE-induced toxicity in male reproductive system. The results indicated that p,p'-DDE exposure at over 30 muM showed the induction of apoptotic cell death. p,p'-DDE could induce increases in FasL mRNA and protein, which could be blocked by an antioxidant agent, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). In addition, caspase-3 and -8 were activated by p,p'-DDE treatment in these cells. The activation of NF-kappaB was enhanced with the increase of p,p'-DDE dose. Taken together, these results suggested that exposure to p,p'-DDE might induce apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells through a FasL-dependent pathway.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Annexins|Fas Ligand Protein|NF-kappa B|RNA, Messenger|Propidium|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Caspase 3|Caspase 8|Acetylcysteine MeSH:  | Acetylcysteine/pharmacology | Animals | Annexins/metabolism | Apoptosis/majr/drug effects | Caspase 3/genetics/metabolism | Caspase 8/genetics/metabolism | Cell Shape/drug effects | Cell Survival/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Fas Ligand Protein/majr/metabolism | Male | Models, Biological | NF-kappa B/metabolism | Propidium/metabolism | RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Sertoli Cells/majr/cytology/drug effects/enzymology | Signal Transduction/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/181282\",\"10.1155/2009/181282\")","v":"10.1155/2009/181282"},"2009","","181282","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D017302:Annexins|D053222:Fas Ligand Protein|D016328:NF-kappa B|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D011419:Propidium|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D053148:Caspase 3|D053181:Caspase 8|D000111:Acetylcysteine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490997\",\"19490997\")","v":"19490997"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Effects of maternal exposure to di-isononylphthalate (DINP) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on steroidogenesis in the fetal rat testis and adrenal gland.",0,0,"Adamsson A, Salonen V, Paranko J, Toppari J","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Effects of maternal exposure to di-isononylphthalate (DINP) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on steroidogenesis in the fetal rat testis and adrenal gland.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to antiandrogens during the critical developmental window (i.e. sexual differentiation) can permanently demasculinize the male phenotype. Here we have investigated the effects of developmental exposure to di-isononylphthalate (DINP) (250 and 750 mg/kg) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) (50 and 100mg/kg) on 19.5-day-old fetal Sprague-Dawley rat testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis. Maternal exposure to DINP or p,p'-DDE on embryonic days (EDs) 13.5-17.5 did not down-regulate the activity of steroidogenesis in ED 19.5 male rat fetus. Protein expression levels of testicular and adrenal StAR, P450scc, 3beta-HSD and androgen receptor (AR) did not show any changes. However, p,p'-DDE caused clear abnormalities in the ultrastructure of steroidogenic cells in ED 19.5 rat testis and adrenal. These structural alterations can disturb the development and function of fetal testis and adrenal that may become evident later in life.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Adrenal Cortex Hormones|Androgen Antagonists|Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Phosphoproteins|Phthalic Acids|RNA, Messenger|Receptors, Androgen|steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|diisononyl phthalate|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases|Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme MeSH:  | 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics | Adrenal Cortex Hormones/majr/biosynthesis | Adrenal Glands/majr/drug effects/embryology/metabolism/ultrastructure | Androgen Antagonists/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Animals | Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects | Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects | Gestational Age | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/majr/biosynthesis | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Phosphoproteins/genetics | Phthalic Acids/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | RNA, Messenger/metabolism | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Receptors, Androgen/genetics | Testis/majr/drug effects/embryology/metabolism/ultrastructure",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.002\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.002\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.002"},"28","1","66-74","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones|D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D010750:Phosphoproteins|D010795:Phthalic Acids|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|C090395:steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|C012125:diisononyl phthalate|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases|D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19442834\",\"19442834\")","v":"19442834"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Organizational effects of DDE on brain vasotocin system in male Japanese quail.",0,0,"Mura E, Barale C, Quinn MJ, Panzica G, Ottinger MA, Viglietti-Panzica C","Neurotoxicology","Organizational effects of DDE on brain vasotocin system in male Japanese quail.    ABSTRACT:  p,p'-DDE, or ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl), is the main metabolite of the pesticide DDT, or 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane. It is an androgen receptor antagonist and testosterone hydroxylase modulator that is also more persistent than its parent compound. In a previous study we demonstrated that embryonic exposure to different doses of p,p'-DDE accelerated onset of puberty in females and reduced male reproductive behavior. In the present study we investigated the long-term effects of the exposure to p,p'-DDE on the differentiation of male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) limbic circuits related to male copulatory behavior: the parvocellular vasotocin (VT) system. We observed a decrease in the density of VT-immunoreactive fibers within the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and lateral septum in p,p'-DDE-treated birds, while no differences could be detected in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus. In particular the lowest dose of p,p'-DDE causes the highest decrease of VT immunoreactivity. This study provides further evidence for VT system sensitivity towards endocrine disrupting chemicals and demonstrates that the VT system may be an appropriate and sensitive biomarker for early p,p'-DDE exposure in birds.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Biomarkers|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Vasotocin MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Animals | Biomarkers/metabolism | Copulation/majr/drug effects | Coturnix/embryology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Embryo, Nonmammalian/majr/drug effects | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Limbic System/majr/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism | Male | Time Factors | Vasotocin/majr/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2009.01.012\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2009.01.012\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2009.01.012"},"30","3","479-84","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D015415:Biomarkers|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D014668:Vasotocin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19410640\",\"19410640\")","v":"19410640"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Effects of in utero through lactational exposure to dicyclohexyl phthalate and p,p'-DDE in Sprague-Dawley rats.",0,0,"Yamasaki K, Okuda H, Takeuchi T, Minobe Y","Toxicology letters","Effects of in utero through lactational exposure to dicyclohexyl phthalate and p,p'-DDE in Sprague-Dawley rats.    ABSTRACT:  Anti-androgenic chemicals alter sexual differentiation by a variety of mechanisms, and the mechanisms between phthalate esters and p,p'-DDE are considered to be different. We performed an in utero through lactational exposure assay using dicyclohexyl phthalate and p,p'-DDE to investigate the sexual differentiation of these chemicals. Pregnant CD (SD) IGS rats were given dicyclohexyl phthalate or p,p'-DDE orally from gestational day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 20, and the endocrine-mediated effects in dams and their offspring were examined. The reproductive performance of offspring was also examined. The doses of dicyclohexyl phthalate were 0, 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg/day, and those of p,p'-DDE were 5, 15, and 50mg/kg/day. Using the dicyclohexyl phthalate, a dam in the 500 mg/kg group showed dystocia and died. The viability index of offspring on PND 4 decreased in the 500 mg/kg group. Prolonged preputial separation, reduced ano-genital distance, increased areolas/nipple retention, hypospadia, decreased ventral prostate and levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscle weights and decreased testicular germ cells were observed in male offspring in the 500 mg/kg group. In the assay using p,p'-DDE, decreased viability index of offspring on PND 21, prolonged preputial separation in male offspring and early vaginal opening in female offspring were observed in the 50mg/kg group. The copulation and fertility indices decreased in the reproductive performance of offspring in the 50mg/kg group. The endocrine-mediated effects were detected in offspring of dams given 100mg/kg dicyclohexyl phthalate, and in offspring of dams given 20mg/kg p,p'-DDE. Our results suggest that the in utero through lactational exposure assay is a useful method to detect endocrine-mediated effects and that further comparative study between this assay and two-generation reproductive test are necessary when this assay becomes one of the definitive tests.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Phthalic Acids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|dicyclohexyl phthalate MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Animals | Animals, Newborn | Animals, Suckling | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Endocrine System/drug effects/embryology/growth & development | Female | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Phthalic Acids/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/physiopathology | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.023\",\"10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.023\")","v":"10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.023"},"189","1","14-20","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D010795:Phthalic Acids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C036042:dicyclohexyl phthalate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19383538\",\"19383538\")","v":"19383538"},0,0,0,0,2009,"The influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) on mRNA expression for NP-I/OT and PGA, involved in oxytocin synthesis in bovine granulosa and luteal cells.",0,0,"Mlynarczuk J, Wrobel MH, Kotwica J","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","The influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) on mRNA expression for NP-I/OT and PGA, involved in oxytocin synthesis in bovine granulosa and luteal cells.    ABSTRACT:  The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners (PCB 77, PCB 126, PCB 153) and their technical mixture-Aroclor (Ar) 1248, as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE; two individual isomers p,p'- and o,p'- or their mixture, 95% and 5%, respectively) at the dose of 10 ng/ml each, on the gene expression of (a) oxytocin (OT) precursor-neurophysin-oxytocin (NP-I/OT) and (b) peptidyl glycine-alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase (PGA), the terminal enzyme in the pathway of OT synthesis, was studied. Granulosa cells from follicles >1cm in diameter, collected on days 19-21 of estrous cycle, and luteal cells from corpora lutea (CL) collected on days 8-12 of the estrous cycle were used. The cells were incubated (6h) with these xenobiotics and the expression of NP-I/OT and PGA genes was determined. All PCBs increased (P<0.05) NP-I/OT gene expression in granulosa cells. Similarly, all PCBs but PCB 126 increased (P<0.05) PGA gene expression in these cells. DDT and DDE increased (P<0.05) gene expression of NP-I/OT in granulosa cells, while gene expression of PGA in these cells was stimulated (P<0.05) by DDE only. The mRNA expression for NP-I/OT and PGA in luteal cells was increased (P<0.05) by PCB 77 and PCB 153. Both DDE isomers and mixture also stimulated (P<0.05) of NP-I/OT mRNA expression, while increase (P<0.05) of PGA mRNA expression was elicited by incubation of these cells with DDE mixture and Ar 1248. Obtained data suggest that PCBs, DDT and DDE can affect the mRNA expression for NP-I/OT and PGA in bovine granulosa and luteal cells.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Neurophysins|RNA, Messenger|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Oxytocin|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Cells, Cultured | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Gene Expression/majr/drug effects | Granulosa Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Luteal Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Neurophysins/majr/genetics/metabolism | Oxytocin/majr/biosynthesis/genetics | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | RNA, Messenger/drug effects/genetics",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.04.007\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.04.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.04.007"},"28","3","354-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D009481:Neurophysins|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D010121:Oxytocin|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286173\",\"19286173\")","v":"19286173"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Association between thyroid hormone levels and 4,4'-DDE concentrations in pregnant women (Valencia, Spain).",0,0,"Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Vizcaino E, Murcia M, Llop S, Espada M, Seco V, Marco A, Rebagliato M, Grimalt JO, Ballester F","Environmental research","Association between thyroid hormone levels and 4,4'-DDE concentrations in pregnant women (Valencia, Spain).    ABSTRACT:  Several epidemiological studies have reported that some organochlorine compounds (OCs), such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4'-DDE), may alter thyroid function.The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of maternal serum OC concentrations of 4,4'-DDE and the sum of seven PCB congeners (PCB 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) with thyroid hormone (TH) status.We measured OC concentrations in 157 maternal serum samples at 12 weeks of pregnancy in a cohort from Valencia (Spain). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured as biomarkers of thyroid function in the same samples. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed between OCs and TH levels, and variables were log transformed.Mothers with higher levels of 4,4'-DDE had higher odds of having TSH levels >2.5 mIU/L (OR=2.53; 95% CI=1.36; 4.73; p=0.004), and we found a significant negative association between serum 4,4'-DDE concentrations and FT4 levels (beta=-0.03; 95% CI=-0.05; 0.00; p=0.050) after adjustment for covariates and total lipids. No association was found between sum of PCBs and TH levels.Serum concentrations of 4,4'-DDE were associated with increased TSH and reduced FT4 but not TT3 levels. Our results suggest that some environmental chemicals may interfere with the thyroid system of pregnant women. The major role that maternal THs may play in fetal neurodevelopment makes these findings especially relevant.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Insecticides|Thyroid Hormones|Triiodothyronine|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Thyrotropin|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Thyroxine MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Biomarkers/blood | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Fetal Development/majr/drug effects/physiology | Humans | Insecticides/adverse effects/blood | Linear Models | Logistic Models | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Odds Ratio | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Trimester, First/blood | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood/epidemiology | Spain/epidemiology | Thyroid Gland/majr/drug effects/physiopathology | Thyroid Hormones/majr/blood/physiology | Thyrotropin/blood | Thyroxine/blood | Triiodothyronine/blood | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.003\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.003"},"109","4","479-85","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D007306:Insecticides|D013963:Thyroid Hormones|D014284:Triiodothyronine|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D013972:Thyrotropin|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D013974:Thyroxine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19241440\",\"19241440\")","v":"19241440"},0,0,0,0,2009,"OECD validation of phase 3 Hershberger assay in Korea using surgically castrated male rats with coded chemicals.",0,0,"Moon HJ, Kang TS, Kim TS, Kang IH, Ki HY, Kim SH, Han SY","Journal of applied toxicology : JAT","OECD validation of phase 3 Hershberger assay in Korea using surgically castrated male rats with coded chemicals.    ABSTRACT:  As a participating laboratory for the OECD Hershberger validation program, we conducted a phase 3 trial to test the reliability of the Hershberger assay using coded substances. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated at 6 weeks of age and allowed to recover for 8 days. All the coded substances were administered orally once daily for 10 consecutive days. In the antagonist version of the assay, 0.4 mg kg(-1) of testosterone propionate (TP), a reference androgen, was co-administered with the coded compounds C, D, H, I or K, by a subcutaneous injection. As anticipated, TP alone produced statistically significant increases in the five mandatory accessory sex organ weights. The coded substance L (trenbolone 40 mg kg(-1)), the test agonist, caused significant increases in the weights of the androgen-dependent tissues. The five coded compounds, p,p'-DDE at two doses (codes C and I), linuron at two doses (codes D and K) and flutamide (code H), all significantly decreased the weights of the TP-stimulated sex organs. These results suggest the OECD Hershberger assay to be a reliable screening method for detecting androgen agonists and antagonists.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Anabolic Agents|Androgen Antagonists|Androgens|Endocrine Disruptors|Insecticides|Linuron|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide|Trenbolone Acetate MeSH:  | Anabolic Agents/toxicity | Androgen Antagonists/toxicity | Androgens/agonists | Animals | Biological Assay | Body Weight/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Female | Flutamide/toxicity | Follow-Up Studies | Insecticides/toxicity | Korea | Linuron/toxicity | Male | Orchiectomy/majr | Organ Size/drug effects | Pregnancy | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Reproduction/drug effects | Testosterone/toxicity | Trenbolone Acetate/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.1418\",\"10.1002/jat.1418\")","v":"10.1002/jat.1418"},"29","4","350-5","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D045930:Anabolic Agents|D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D000728:Androgens|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D007306:Insecticides|D008044:Linuron|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|D014204:Trenbolone Acetate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092487\",\"19092487\")","v":"19092487"},0,0,0,0,2008,"DDT exposure, work in agriculture, and time to pregnancy among farmworkers in California.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2684791\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Harley KG, Marks AR, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B","Journal of occupational and environmental medicine","DDT exposure, work in agriculture, and time to pregnancy among farmworkers in California.    ABSTRACT:  This study examined whether exposure to pesticides, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), was associated with longer time to pregnancy (TTP).Pregnant women (N = 402) living in a migrant farmworker community were asked how many months they took to conceive. Women reported their and their partners' occupational and home pesticide exposure preceding conception. In a subset (N = 289), levels of DDT and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were measured in maternal serum.No associations were seen with p, p'-DDT, o, p'-DDT, or p, p'-DDE. Maternal occupational pesticide exposure (fecundability odds ratios [fOR] = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.0), home pesticide use (fOR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.9), and residence within 200 ft of an agricultural field (fOR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5 to 1.0) were associated with reduced fecundability (ie, longer TTP).Longer TTP was seen among women, but not men, reporting exposure to agricultural and home pesticides.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Agriculture/majr | California | DDT/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Fertility/majr | Hispanic or Latino | Humans | Interviews as Topic | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Mass Spectrometry | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Occupational Exposure/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Paternal Exposure/adverse effects | Pesticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Proportional Hazards Models | Time Factors | Transients and Migrants | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818f684d\",\"10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818f684d\")","v":"10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818f684d"},"50","12","1335-42","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19071102\",\"19071102\")","v":"19071102"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Maternal and cord blood levels of organochlorine pesticides: association with preterm labor.",0,0,"Pathak R, Ahmed RS, Tripathi AK, Guleria K, Sharma CS, Makhijani SD, Banerjee BD","Clinical biochemistry","Maternal and cord blood levels of organochlorine pesticides: association with preterm labor.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been reported to cause adverse reproductive outcomes. Hence, the present study was conducted to estimate and compare the levels of OCPs in maternal and cord blood of preterm labor and full term labor cases as well as assess their role in preterm delivery.23 cases each of preterm labor and full term labor were included in the study. Maternal and cord blood OCP levels were determined by using a GC-MS equipped with an electron capture detector.Maternal and cord blood levels of alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, total-HCH, p,p'DDE and p,p'DDT were found higher in preterm labor than full term labor cases. However, a statistically significant relation was observed between preterm birth and beta-HCH levels only.Higher blood levels of beta-HCH may be associated with risk of preterm labor.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | DDT/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/chemistry | Hexachlorocyclohexane/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects/blood | Obstetric Labor, Premature/majr/chemically induced | Pesticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.11.007\",\"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.11.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.11.007"},"42","7-8","746-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|C040534:alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19060027\",\"19060027\")","v":"19060027"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Maternal levels of dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) may increase weight and body mass index in adult female offspring.",0,0,"Karmaus W, Osuch JR, Eneli I, Mudd LM, Zhang J, Mikucki D, Haan P, Davis S","Occupational and environmental medicine","Maternal levels of dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) may increase weight and body mass index in adult female offspring.    ABSTRACT:  To investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) in adult female offspring of the Michigan fisheater cohort examined between 1973 and 1991.259 mothers from the Michigan fisheater cohort were studied. Prenatal exposure to PCBs and DDE was estimated by extrapolating maternal measurements to the time that the women gave birth. 213 daughters aged 20-50 years in 2000 were identified and 83% of them participated in at least one of two repeated investigations in 2001/02 (n = 151) and 2006/07 (n = 129). To assess the effect of prenatal PCB and DDE exposure on anthropometric measurements, generalised estimating equations nested for repeated measurements (2001/02 and 2006/07) and for sharing the same mother were used. We controlled for maternal height and BMI and for daughters' age, birth weight, having been breastfed and number of pregnancies.Maternal height and BMI were significant predictors of the daughters' height, weight and BMI. Low birth weight (<2500 g) was significantly associated with reduced adult offspring weight and BMI. The weight and BMI of adult offspring were statistically significantly associated with the extrapolated prenatal DDE levels of their mothers. Controlling for confounders and compared to maternal DDE levels of <1.503 microg/l, offspring BMI was increased by 1.65 when prenatal DDE levels were 1.503-2.9 microg/l and by 2.88 if levels were >2.9 microg/l. Prenatal PCB levels showed no effect.Prenatal exposure to the oestrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical DDE may contribute to the obesity epidemic in women.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Adult Children/majr | Animals | Body Height | Body Mass Index | Body Weight | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Fishes | Food Contamination | Great Lakes Region | Humans | Insecticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Maternal Exposure/majr | Middle Aged | Obesity/majr/blood/etiology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2008.041921\",\"10.1136/oem.2008.041921\")","v":"10.1136/oem.2008.041921"},"66","3","143-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19055819\",\"19055819\")","v":"19055819"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Immune cell counts and risks of respiratory infections among infants exposed pre- and postnatally to organochlorine compounds: a prospective study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2637846\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Glynn A, Thuvander A, Aune M, Johannisson A, Darnerud PO, Ronquist G, Cnattingius S","Environmental health : a global access science source","Immune cell counts and risks of respiratory infections among infants exposed pre- and postnatally to organochlorine compounds: a prospective study.    ABSTRACT:  Early-life chemical exposure may influence immune system development, subsequently affecting child health. We investigated immunomodulatory potentials of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-DDE in infants.Prenatal exposure to PCBs and p,p'-DDE was estimated from maternal serum concentrations during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure was calculated from concentrations of the compounds in mother's milk, total number of nursing days, and percentage of full nursing each week during the 3 month nursing period. Number and types of infections among infants were registered by the mothers (N = 190). White blood cell counts (N = 86) and lymphocyte subsets (N = 52) were analyzed in a subgroup of infants at 3 months of age.Infants with the highest prenatal exposure to PCB congeners CB-28, CB-52 and CB-101 had an increased risk of respiratory infection during the study period. In contrast, the infection odds ratios (ORs) were highest among infants with the lowest prenatal mono-ortho PCB (CB-105, CB-118, CB-156, CB-167) and di-ortho PCB (CB-138, CB-153, CB-180) exposure, and postnatal mono- and di-ortho PCB, and p,p'-DDE exposure. Similar results were found for pre- and postnatal CB-153 exposure, a good marker for total PCB exposure. Altogether, a negative relationship was indicated between infections and total organochlorine compound exposure during the whole pre- and postnatal period. Prenatal exposure to CB-28, CB-52 and CB-101 was positively associated with numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in infants 3 months after delivery. Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE was negatively associated with the percentage of eosinophils. No significant associations were found between PCB and p,p'-DDE exposure and numbers/percentages of lymphocyte subsets, after adjustment for potential confounders.This hypothesis generating study suggests that background exposure to PCBs and p,p'-DDE early in life modulate immune system development. Strong correlations between mono- and di-ortho PCBs, and p,p'-DDE exposures make it difficult to identify the most important contributor to the suggested immunomodulation, and to separate effects due to pre- and postnatal exposure. The suggested PCB and p,p'-DDE modulation of infection risks may have consequences for the health development during childhood, since respiratory infections early in life may be risk factors for asthma and middle ear infections.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Body Burden | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/immunology/metabolism | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects/immunology/metabolism | Female | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects/immunology/metabolism | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/adverse effects/immunology/metabolism | Lymphocyte Count/majr | Lymphocyte Subsets | Male | Milk, Human/chemistry | Odds Ratio | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/immunology/metabolism | Pregnancy/majr/blood | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Prospective Studies | Respiratory Tract Infections/majr/epidemiology/immunology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-7-62\",\"10.1186/1476-069X-7-62\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069X-7-62"},"7","","62","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19046769\",\"19046769\")","v":"19046769"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Fish ingestion and congener specific polychlorinated biphenyl and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene serum concentrations in a great lakes cohort of pregnant African American women.",0,0,"McGraw JE, Waller DP","Environment international","Fish ingestion and congener specific polychlorinated biphenyl and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene serum concentrations in a great lakes cohort of pregnant African American women.    ABSTRACT:  A cohort of low income, city dwelling, pregnant African American Women (delivered from 1994-1999) was assembled to identify factors related to organochlorine exposure through consumption of Great Lakes resources. The cohort is known as the Great Lakes Cohort of Pregnant African American Women (GLCPAAW). Pregnant women from metropolitan Chicago, IL area clinics were administered a questionnaire on diet, demographics, and health history. Weight, height, and serum lipids were measured at delivery along with serum organochlorines such as PCBs and DDE. Congener specific concentrations of PCBs and p,p'-DDE found in the maternal serum are reported. Dominant PCB congeners found in the serum of the pregnant women at delivery included PCB 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180. The high prevalence and magnitude of PCB 101 (greater than the limit of detection in >80% of the women in the cohort) are unique characteristics of this cohort. Great Lakes fish has been identified as a source of exposure to organochlorines in several studies. Spearman correlations and robust regression models were utilized to identify the impact of Great Lakes fish ingestion on cohort serum organochlorine concentrations. Several potential confounders of the relationship between serum organochlorines and Great Lakes fish consumption were identified. Covariates related to organochlorines in correlations as well as regression models included age, body surface area, fish ingestion, lipids, parity, race and smoking. Lower chlorinated PCB congeners do not follow the same trends as the higher chlorinated congeners and DDE. The higher chlorinated PCB congeners (PCB 138, 153, and 180) and DDE were correlated with age while the lower chlorinated congeners were not. PCB 153 and 180 regression models included age as a significant covariate. None of the higher chlorinated congeners correlated to race, while both lower chlorinated congeners were correlated to race. Race was also significant in both lower chlorinated congeners' regression models. PCB 101, a lower chlorinated congener seldom found in human serum, is readily found in the cohort. Airborne PCB exposure as well as diminished metabolism of PCB 101 in African Americans may explain the increased presence of PCB 101 and it's correlation with race. High end sport fish consumers (> or =1 meal per week) carried elevated levels of DDE and higher chlorinated PCB congeners (138, 153, and 180) compared to non-sport fish eaters. Unexpectedly, DDE was correlated more consistently with fish ingestion and age (a marker of bioaccumulation) in comparison to PCBs. Small correlations were found between serum PCBs and fish ingestion (Spearman correlation=0.19 for total PCBs and fish meals per year). Additionally, Serum PCBs in low end Great Lakes sport fish consumers were not higher than non-consumers. These findings suggest the women of the cohort are being exposed to PCBs through other routes in addition to Great lakes sport fish. One major route of exposure may be Chicago air. The observed trends amongst individual PCB congeners has important ramifications because lower chlorinated congeners or their metabolites may be mediators of toxicity. Organochlorine exposure through Great Lakes fish ingestion was clearly identified in high end fish consumers while associations with race, metabolism, and possible airborne exposures pose new questions.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | African Americans | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Eating | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Fishes | Great Lakes Region | Humans | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Pregnancy | Serum/majr/chemistry | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.003\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.003"},"35","3","557-65","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19038325\",\"19038325\")","v":"19038325"},0,0,0,0,2009,"The adverse effect of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite (DDE) on the secretion of prostaglandins and oxytocin in bovine cultured ovarian and endometrial cells.",0,0,"Wrobel M, Mlynarczuk J, Kotwica J","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","The adverse effect of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite (DDE) on the secretion of prostaglandins and oxytocin in bovine cultured ovarian and endometrial cells.    ABSTRACT:  The influence of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite (DDE) on the uterine prostaglandin (PGF2alpha and PGE2) and ovarian oxytocin (OT) secretion was investigated. Endometrial, granulosa and luteal cells from cows and heifers on 8-12 days of estrous cycle were treated (24-72h) with DDT, mixture or individual isomer (p,p'-, o,p'-) of DDE (0.1, 1 or 10ng/ml). The viability of cells and the concentrations of hormones in medium were determinted. Neither DDT nor DDE affected (P>0.05) the viability of cells, while they stimulated (P<0.05) PGF2alpha and reduced (P<0.001) PGE2 secretion from endometrial cells. Hence the ratio of PGF2alpha to PGE2 was markedly changed. Used pollutants also increased (P<0.05) OT secretion from ovarian cells. It is concluded that DDT and its metabolite impair PGF2alpha, PGE2 and OT secretion from uterus and ovary, respectively, and this way they can affect the course of estrous cycle in cattle.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Prostaglandins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Oxytocin|Dinoprost|DDT|Dinoprostone MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Cell Survival/drug effects | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dinoprost/metabolism | Dinoprostone/metabolism | Endometrium/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Female | Granulosa Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Oxytocin/majr/metabolism | Prostaglandins/majr/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.008\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.008\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.008"},"27","1","72-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011453:Prostaglandins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D010121:Oxytocin|D015237:Dinoprost|D003634:DDT|D015232:Dinoprostone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19027927\",\"19027927\")","v":"19027927"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Serum dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and endometriosis: a case-control study in Atlanta.",0,0,"Niskar AS, Needham LL, Rubin C, Turner WE, Martin CA, Patterson DG, Hasty L, Wong LY, Marcus M","Chemosphere","Serum dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and endometriosis: a case-control study in Atlanta.    ABSTRACT:  Endometriosis among women of reproductive age can result in pain and infertility. The objectives of this study were to test if there is a relation between endometriosis and serum dioxin concentrations as expressed by total toxic equivalence and serum total polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations among women patients at one Atlanta reproductive medicine clinic during 1998-1999; a secondary objective was to provide exposure data for individual congeners of these chemicals and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDE) in women in Atlanta. Laparoscopy including biopsy and visualization of the peritoneal cavity, ovaries, outside of the fallopian tubes and uterus confirmed all endometriosis cases (n=60) and confirmed 30 controls without endometriosis. Other controls had an infertile partner (n=27) or ovulation problems (n=7) with no signs or symptoms of endometriosis. All serum samples were analyzed at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2003. Statistical analyses included Fisher's exact chi-square tests and logistic regression. Models were presented for the full study sample and for the subset that included all cases (n=60) and only controls (n=30) with surgical confirmation of disease-free status. Serum concentrations (lipid-adjusted and non lipid-adjusted) of analyzed exposure measures were low and similar for cases and controls and did not explain endometriosis in the study population.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dioxins|Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Chi-Square Distribution | Demography | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Dioxins/majr/blood | Endometriosis/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Female | Humans | Middle Aged | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Risk Factors | Women's Health",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.005\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.005\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.005"},"74","7","944-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004147:Dioxins|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18991914\",\"18991914\")","v":"18991914"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy alters the anal position in male infants.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5176023\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Torres-Sanchez L, Zepeda M, Cebrián ME, Belkind-Gerson J, Garcia-Hernandez RM, Belkind-Valdovinos U, López-Carrillo L","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy alters the anal position in male infants.    ABSTRACT:  Anogenital distance (AGD) at birth is regarded as a useful measurement that reflects the prenatal androgenic status in rodents. However, the impact of xenoantiandrogens on human development is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential antiandrogenic impact of prenatal DDT metabolites (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT) exposure on infant AGD, using a non-age-dependent anal position index (API). As part of an ongoing perinatal cohort study on the effects of organochlorine pesticides in children's neurodevelopment, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 71 infants (37 males and 34 females). Maternal serum levels of DDT metabolites (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT) before and during each trimester of pregnancy were determined by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. During postnatal home visits at 3, 6, and 12 or 18 months of age, the children's weight and API were evaluated. Multiple lineal regression models were used to estimate the potential endocrine disruptor activity of prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure. Boys had significantly higher API values than girls (0.6 versus 0.5; P < 0.001). Only among boys, a doubling increase of maternal p,p'-DDE serum levels during the first trimester of pregnancy, were associated with a significant reduction of API (beta=-0.02; P= 0.02). No effect of p,p'-DDT on AGD was observed. Evidence of the effect of prenatal p,p'-DDE on external genital differentiation is scarce and not consistent in the literature. Further studies are needed to confirm a hormonal disruptive effect on the development of external genitalia, due not only to p,p'-DDE but also due to other antiandrogenic persistent compounds.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Anal Canal/majr/abnormalities/drug effects | Androgen Antagonists/metabolism | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine System/drug effects | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Mexico | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Trimester, First | Regression Analysis | Sex Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1454.004\",\"10.1196/annals.1454.004\")","v":"10.1196/annals.1454.004"},"1140","","155-62","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817839\",\"18817839\")","v":"18817839"},0,0,0,0,2008,"p,p'-DDE induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of cultured rat Sertoli cells.",0,0,"Song Y, Liang X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yu H, Yang K","Toxicology","p,p'-DDE induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of cultured rat Sertoli cells.    ABSTRACT:  p,p'-Dichlorodiphenoxydichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of dichlorodiphenoxytrichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism underlying male reproductive toxicity of p,p'-DDE remains limited. In the present study, Sertoli cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in p,p'-DDE's male reproductive toxicity. Results showed that p,p'-DDE exposure at over 30 microM showed induction of apoptotic cell death. p,p'-DDE could induce mitochondria-mediated apoptotic changes including elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, which could be blocked by antioxidant agent N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). In addition, elevated ratios of Bax/Bcl-w and Bak/Bcl-w and cleavages of procaspase-3 and -9 were induced by p,p'-DDE treatment. All of the results suggested that ROS generation may play a critical role in the initiation of p,p'-DDE-induced apoptosis by mediation of the disruption of DeltaPsi(m), the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and further the activation of caspase cascade.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Bak1 protein, rat|Bax protein, rat|Bcl2l2 protein, rat|Insecticides|Proteins|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2|Reactive Oxygen Species|bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein|bcl-2-Associated X Protein|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|L-Lactate Dehydrogenase|Sod1 protein, rat|Superoxide Dismutase|Superoxide Dismutase-1|Acetylcysteine MeSH:  | Acetylcysteine/pharmacology | Animals | Apoptosis/majr/drug effects | Cells, Cultured | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Flow Cytometry | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism | Male | Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects | Mitochondria/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Proteins/metabolism | Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism | Sertoli Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism | Superoxide Dismutase-1 | bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/metabolism | bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2008.08.013\",\"10.1016/j.tox.2008.08.013\")","v":"10.1016/j.tox.2008.08.013"},"253","1-3","53-61","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","C494774:Bak1 protein, rat|C494828:Bax protein, rat|C491072:Bcl2l2 protein, rat|D007306:Insecticides|D011506:Proteins|D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2|D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species|D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein|D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase|C000606292:Sod1 protein, rat|D013482:Superoxide Dismutase|D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1|D000111:Acetylcysteine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801367\",\"18801367\")","v":"18801367"},0,0,0,0,2008,"The influence of non-toxic concentrations of DDT and DDE on the old world vulture estrogen receptor alpha.",0,0,"Naidoo V, Katsu Y, Iguchi T","General and comparative endocrinology","The influence of non-toxic concentrations of DDT and DDE on the old world vulture estrogen receptor alpha.    ABSTRACT:  Seven of the nine vulture species in South Africa are listed as endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. From these, the Cape Griffon vulture (Gyps corprotheres) is the most endangered species in the region. Although inadequate nutritional support has been blamed on the constant decline in populations, the process of vulture restaurants has failed to improve the population status over the last twenty years. One possible reason for the decline may be an underlying reproductive disorder as described in endocrine disruptive syndromes. Both DDT and p,p'-DDE have been detected previously at very high concentrations in the mid 1980s, with lower concentrations still being detectable as late as 2001. To establish the effect of DDT and DDE, the vulture estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) was sequenced from two species using 5' and 3' rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE). Using transient transfected mammalian cell assays, vulture ERalpha estrogen-dependent transcription activity was validated using various estrogens and DDT derivatives. The receptor assay was sensitive to p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE with EC(50) of 2.41x10(-6), 3.47x10(-7) and 3.81x10(-5)M. When compared to results obtained from human, zebrafish, chicken, salamander and turtle, the vulture ERalpha showed high sensitivity to o,p'-DDT and intermediately responsive to p,p'-DDE. Vulture ERalpha is, however, not responsive to the DDT and DDE levels reported in the plasma of vultures from the last population survey, indicating that the Southern African vulture are not currently exposed to disruptive levels of these contaminants.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Estrogen Receptor alpha|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Amino Acid Sequence | Animals | Base Sequence | Cell Line | Cloning, Molecular | DDT/majr/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacology | Estrogen Receptor alpha/majr/chemistry/drug effects/genetics/metabolism | Falconiformes/majr/genetics/metabolism | Gene Expression Regulation | Humans | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology | Mammals | Molecular Sequence Data | Sequence Alignment | Transcription, Genetic",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.08.010\",\"10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.08.010\")","v":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.08.010"},"159","2-3","188-95","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18771794\",\"18771794\")","v":"18771794"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Temporal and spatial patterns of contaminants in Lake Erie watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon insularum) before and after the round goby (Apollonia melanostomus) invasion.",0,0,"Fernie KJ, King RB, Drouillard KG, Stanford KM","The Science of the total environment","Temporal and spatial patterns of contaminants in Lake Erie watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon insularum) before and after the round goby (Apollonia melanostomus) invasion.    ABSTRACT:  Temporal and spatial trends in contaminant concentrations were assessed in Lake Erie watersnakes, a threatened (USA)/endangered (Canada) species restricted to western Lake Erie. Temporal changes in plasma contaminant levels were determined in 1990 and 2003, and spatial patterns in 2003 at 12 sites, throughout the species' range. During this period, the watersnakes' diet changed from fish (75%) and amphibians (25%) that avoid zebra mussels, to round gobies (95%) that feed extensively on zebra mussels. Temporal trends indicate that watersnakes on Pelee and North Bass Islands showed a marginal increase in hexachlorobenzene levels, and a significant decline in dieldrin, oxychlordane, and heptachlor epoxide, likely reflecting declines in aerial deposition and clearing of local vineyards. The contaminants with the greatest burdens, sum PCBs and p,p'-DDE, remained stable in the snakes, consistent with trends in other local biota, suggesting that although the dietary switch to round gobies meant consumption of a more contaminated diet, their diet remained at the same trophic position. We suggest that the watersnakes' PCB and p,p'-DDE temporal patterns reflect the lack of change in sediment concentrations with minimal influence from their dietary switch. Similar to top avian predators, PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and technical chlordane, are most prevalent in watersnakes; this ranking remains unchanged. In 2003, the watersnakes demonstrated significant spatial differences in concentrations of p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, technical chlordane and its metabolites. Their 2003 concentrations of p,p'-DDE, and to a lesser extent PCBs, exceed the recommended interim no-observable effects levels on watersnake embryonic survival. Further investigations are required to determine if these higher levels of PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and technical chlordane, affect reproductive and physiological parameters of the Lake Erie watersnake. Until concentrations of sediment contaminants decline in western Lake Erie, these endangered/threatened watersnakes will continue to be exposed to higher concentrations of persistent organic pollutants.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Colubridae/majr/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Diet/majr/veterinary | Environmental Monitoring/majr | Fresh Water/majr | Geography | Insecticides/blood/toxicity | Perciformes/majr/blood/physiology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Time Factors | Water Pollutants, Chemical/blood/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.027\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.027\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.027"},"406","1-2","344-51","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18770910\",\"18770910\")","v":"18770910"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Persistent organochlorinated pollutants (PCB, DDE, HCB, dioxins, furans) and the thyroid--review 2008.",1,0,"Langer P","Endocrine regulations","Persistent organochlorinated pollutants (PCB, DDE, HCB, dioxins, furans) and the thyroid--review 2008.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dioxins|Furans|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Receptors, Thyroid Hormone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Animals | Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dioxins/toxicity | Environmental Pollution/majr | Female | Furans/toxicity | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Male | Pituitary Gland/drug effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism | Thyroid Gland/majr/drug effects | Thyroid Neoplasms/chemically induced",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"42","2-3","79-104","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004147:Dioxins|D005663:Furans|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707911\",\"18707911\")","v":"18707911"},0,0,0,0,2008,"[Environmental pollutants in maternal milk and cryptorchidism].",0,0,"Brucker-Davis F, Ducot B, Wagner-Mahler K, Tommasi C, Ferrari P, Pacini P, Boda-Buccino M, Bongain A, Azuar P, Fénichel P","Gynecologie, obstetrique & fertilite","[Environmental pollutants in maternal milk and cryptorchidism].    ABSTRACT:  Numerous maternal lipophilic compounds are eliminated into milk during lactation, their concentrations reflecting fetal in utero exposure. Some of them are endocrine disruptors. Their role in the occurrence of genital malformation, dysfunction or cancer has been suggested. We wanted to study the exposure of our population and its potential association with cryptorchidism, as few clinical studies are available.Over three years, we screened for cryptorchidism all boys born alive at or above 34 weeks of gestational age, in two maternity wards (CHU Nice, CHG Grasse). Cryptorchid boys were matched with two controls. Nursing mothers provided a colostrum sample that was screened for 15 compounds known for their antiandrogenic and/or anti estrogenic properties, including dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethylene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibutylphthalate (DBP) (& metabolite monobutylphthalate-mBP) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB).Out of 6246 boys, 102 were cryptorchid (1.6%). All available colostrums (56 for cryptorchid and 69 for controls) were contaminated. Median concentrations of DDE, PCBs, HCB and phthalates were higher though not significantly in cryptorchid versus controls. Cryptorchid boys were more likely to be classified in the most contaminated groups for DDE and SigmaPCBs, with a trend for mBP. Odds ratio (OR) for cryptorchidism was increased for the highest score of SigmaPCB, with a trend only for DDE versus the lowest score of those components. Our results are similar to those of a Scandinavian study with comparable design.Our results show the universal contamination of milk with endocrine disruptors in our area, and support the association between congenital cryptorchidism and fetal exposure to PCBs and possibly DDE, alone or in association with other chemicals.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Colostrum/majr/chemistry | Cryptorchidism/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Environmental Pollution | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Milk, Human/majr/chemistry | Pesticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.06.024\",\"10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.06.024\")","v":"10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.06.024"},"36","9","840-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18692563\",\"18692563\")","v":"18692563"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Action of defined mixtures of PCBs, p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE, on co-culture of porcine theca and granulosa cells: steroid secretion, cell proliferation and apoptosis.",0,0,"Gregoraszczuk EL, Ptak A, Karniewska M, Ropstad E","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Action of defined mixtures of PCBs, p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE, on co-culture of porcine theca and granulosa cells: steroid secretion, cell proliferation and apoptosis.    ABSTRACT:  We recently reported on a stimulatory effect of a mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) extracted from the liver oil of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on estradiol (E2) secretion by porcine ovarian follicular cells [Gregoraszczuk EL, Milczarek K, Wójtowicz A, Berg V, Skaare JU, Ropstad E. Steroid secretion following exposure of ovarian follicular cells to three different natural mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Reproductive Toxicol 2007;25:58-66]. The objective of the present study was to identify what compound or compounds within this natural mixture could be responsible for the stimulatory action on E2 secretion. Co-cultures of porcine ovarian theca and granulosa cells were exposed for 48h to individual congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alone or in combination, at environmentally relevant concentrations (PCB153 at 8microg/ml; PCB118 at 3microg/ml; PCB138 at 8microg/ml; PCB180 at 3microg/ml; PCB126 at 8ng/ml; DDT at 5microg/ml; p,p'-DDE at 10microg/ml). At the end of culture media samples were collected and used for cell viability and steroid determination, and cells were used for the measurement of caspase-3 activity. A threefold decrease in E2 secretion was noted when PCB126 was added in combination with PCB153. Only DDT and DDE could reverse the action of PCB126. Stimulatory secretion of E2 occurred in parallel with a decrease in testosterone (T) secretion. Among the single congeners used in the present study, DDE had the strongest stimulatory action on E2 secretion. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that the overall effect on steroid secretion by ovarian follicular cells could be dependent on the concentration of DDE in environmental POPs and that the predicted effect of a mixture based on a sum of independent effects of individual congeners is higher than that noted under the influence of defined mixture.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Apoptosis/majr/drug effects | Cell Proliferation/majr/drug effects | Cell Survival/drug effects | Cells, Cultured | Coculture Techniques | DDT/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Drug Synergism | Environmental Pollutants/majr/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity | Estradiol/metabolism | Female | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/majr/metabolism | Granulosa Cells/majr/cytology/drug effects/metabolism | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity | Swine | Testosterone/metabolism | Theca Cells/majr/cytology/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.07.003\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.07.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.07.003"},"26","2","170-4","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18550560\",\"18550560\")","v":"18550560"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides on thyroid function during pregnancy.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2727265\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Chevrier J, Eskenazi B, Holland N, Bradman A, Barr DB","American journal of epidemiology","Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides on thyroid function during pregnancy.    ABSTRACT:  In this study, the authors' objective was to determine whether serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) are associated with thyroid function during pregnancy. These compounds, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine, were measured in serum samples collected between October 1999 and October 2000 from 334 pregnant women living in the Salinas Valley, California. Data were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. After adjustment for covariates, seven of the 19 PCB congeners detected in more than 75% of participants and the sum of those congeners were negatively associated with free thyroxine concentrations. PCBs 44, 52, and 183 remained significant after the exclusion of two outliers. Hexachlorobenzene concentrations were negatively associated with both free thyroxine and total thyroxine. PCB and hexachlorobenzene concentrations were strongly correlated, which hampered the authors' ability to identify their independent associations with thyroid function. None of the exposures under study were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone. Results suggest that exposure to PCBs and/or hexachlorobenzene at background levels may affect thyroid function during pregnancy. These findings are of particular significance, since thyroid hormones of maternal origin may play an essential role in fetal neurodevelopment.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Thyrotropin|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Thyroxine MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Biomarkers/blood | California/epidemiology | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Monitoring | Epidemiological Monitoring | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects/blood | Insecticides/adverse effects/blood | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Mexican Americans | Pesticides/adverse effects/blood | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy/majr | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood/epidemiology | Retrospective Studies | Thyroid Gland/majr/drug effects/physiopathology | Thyrotropin/majr/blood/drug effects | Thyroxine/majr/blood/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn136\",\"10.1093/aje/kwn136\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kwn136"},"168","3","298-310","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D013972:Thyrotropin|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D013974:Thyroxine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503055\",\"18503055\")","v":"18503055"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Cryptorchidism at birth in Nice area (France) is associated with higher prenatal exposure to PCBs and DDE, as assessed by colostrum concentrations.",0,0,"Brucker-Davis F, Wagner-Mahler K, Delattre I, Ducot B, Ferrari P, Bongain A, Kurzenne JY, Mas JC, Fénichel P","Human reproduction (Oxford, England)","Cryptorchidism at birth in Nice area (France) is associated with higher prenatal exposure to PCBs and DDE, as assessed by colostrum concentrations.    ABSTRACT:  Since fetal exposure to anti-androgenic and/or estrogenic compounds has adverse effect on animal reproduction, such exposure could be harmful to human fetus. Data are scarce on cryptorchidism and human exposure to endocrine disruptors.We performed a prospective case-control study to assess the incidence of cryptorchidism and fetal exposure to selected chemicals in the Nice area. One hundred and fifty-one cord bloods (67 cryptorchid, 84 tightly matched controls) and 125 colostrums (56 for cryptorchid and 69 for controls) were screened for xenobiotics, including anti-androgenic dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethylene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dibutylphthalate (and metabolite monobutylphthalate, mBP).Median concentrations in colostrum were higher, although not statistically significantly, in cryptorchid versus controls. Cryptorchid boys were more likely to be classified in the most contaminated groups in colostrum for DDE, Sigma PCBs and the composite score PCB + DDE. The same trend, but again not statistically significantly was observed for mBP. Odds ratio for cryptorchidism was increased for the highest score of Sigma PCB, with a trend only for DDE and Sigma PCB + DDE versus the lowest score of those components.Our results support an association between congenital cryptorchidism and fetal exposure to PCBs and possibly DDE. Higher concentrations in milk could be a marker of higher exposure or for an impaired detoxification pattern in genetically predisposed individuals.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Africa South of the Sahara/ethnology | Case-Control Studies | Colostrum/majr/chemistry | Cryptorchidism/majr/chemically induced | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Milk, Human/chemistry | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects | Prospective Studies | Whites",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den186\",\"10.1093/humrep/den186\")","v":"10.1093/humrep/den186"},"23","8","1708-18","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479888\",\"18479888\")","v":"18479888"},0,0,0,0,2008,"An environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorines, their metabolites and effects on preimplantation development of porcine embryos.",0,0,"Campagna C, Ayotte P, Sirard MA, Bailey JL","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","An environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorines, their metabolites and effects on preimplantation development of porcine embryos.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental exposure of human populations to organochlorines is still widespread despite several international regulations banning or restricting their use. This study tested the hypothesis that an environmentally relevant complex mixture of organochlorines comprising polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), technical chlordane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and 12 other components is toxic for porcine embryos (at relative concentrations of 1-10000-fold the environmental organochlorine levels of contamination or 4.2 microg/l total PCBs). We also tested the embryotoxicity of a metabolised organochlorine mixture (relative concentrations of 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, 3.6 and 4.5 microg/l hydroxy-PCBs (OH-PCBs)) obtained by extracting plasma samples from sows treated with the native mixture. Embryos produced in vitro were exposed to either the organochlorine mixture or the metabolised extract for 9 days. The organochlorine mixture reduced embryonic development at the 10000x concentration (relative concentration of 42 mg/l PCBs; p=0.05). The organochlorine mixture also reduced the mean number of blastomeres per expanded blastocyst in a dose-dependent manner (p=0.038) but did not induce blastomere apoptosis (p>0.05). In contrast, the metabolised extract did not affect development or blastomere number at the concentrations tested, although the highest level of this mixture (4.5 microg/l OH-PCBs) was still very low (i.e. similar to the 1x concentration of the organochlorine mixture, which also did not alter embryo parameters). These data lead to the conclusion that while high concentrations of the native organochlorine mixture are toxic for porcine embryos, concentrations of either the native or the metabolised mixture that bear some relevance to exposure of human populations in the Arctic were without observable effect.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Chlordan|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Blastocyst/majr/drug effects/physiology | Chlordan/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Embryonic Development/drug effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Oocysts/drug effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Swine",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.03.003\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.03.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.03.003"},"25","3","361-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D002706:Chlordan|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18470320\",\"18470320\")","v":"18470320"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L196) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L196),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L196) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L196),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L196) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L196),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B196:D196)","v":0},2008,"Prenatal organochlorine exposure and measures of behavior in infancy using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS).",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2367684\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Sagiv SK, Nugent JK, Brazelton TB, Choi AL, Tolbert PE, Altshul LM, Korrick SA","Environmental health perspectives","Prenatal organochlorine exposure and measures of behavior in infancy using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS).    ABSTRACT:  Previous literature suggests an association between organochlorines and behavioral measures in childhood, including inattention.This study was designed to assess whether prenatal organochlorine exposure is associated with measures of attention in early infancy.We investigated an association between cord serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) levels and measures of attention from the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) in a cohort of 788 infants born 1993-1998 to mothers residing near a PCB-contaminated harbor and Superfund site in New Bedford, Massachusetts.Medians (ranges) for the sum of four prevalent PCB congeners and DDE levels were 0.19 (0.01-4.41) and 0.30 (0-10.29) ng/g serum, respectively. For the 542 subjects with an NBAS exam at 2 weeks, we observed consistent inverse associations between cord serum PCB and DDE levels and NBAS measures of alertness, quality of alert responsiveness, cost of attention, and other potential attention-associated measures including self-quieting and motor maturity. For example, the decrement in quality of alert responsiveness score was -0.51 (95% confidence interval, -0.99 to -0.03) for the highest quartile of exposure to the sum of four prevalent PCB congeners compared with the lowest quartile. We found little evidence for an association with infant orientation, habituation, and regulation of state, assessed as summary cluster measures.Our findings provide evidence for an association between low-level prenatal PCB and DDE exposures and poor attention in early infancy. Further analyses will focus on whether organochlorine-associated decrements in attention and attention-related skills in infancy persist in later childhood.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Attention/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant Behavior/majr/drug effects | Infant, Newborn | Male | Massachusetts | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/physiopathology Other:behavior | infant | organochlorines | p,p′-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) | poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10553\",\"10.1289/ehp.10553\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.10553"},"116","5","666-73","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18445826\",\"18445826\")","v":"18445826"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Persistent organochlorine pesticides and risk of testicular germ cell tumors.",0,0,"McGlynn KA, Quraishi SM, Graubard BI, Weber JP, Rubertone MV, Erickson RL","Journal of the National Cancer Institute","Persistent organochlorine pesticides and risk of testicular germ cell tumors.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as persistent organochlorine pesticides, has been suggested to increase the risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs).To study the relationship of POP exposure to TGCT risk, prediagnostic serum samples from 754 case subjects and 928 control subjects enrolled in the Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants Study were analyzed for cis-nonachlor, trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, total chlordanes, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, mirex, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of TGCT overall and for the histological subgroups, seminoma and nonseminoma, were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided.TGCT risk was statistically significantly associated with higher plasma levels of p,p'-DDE (for highest quartile [Q4] vs lowest quartile [Q1], OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.38, P(trend) = .0002) and of two chlordane components, cis-nonachlor (Q4 vs Q1, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.18, P(trend) = .009) and trans-nonachlor (Q4 vs Q1, OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.00, P(trend) = .026). Seminoma risk was statistically significantly associated with p,p'-DDE (Q4 vs Q1, OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.22 to 2.99, P(trend) = .0008), cis-nonachlor (Q4 vs Q1, OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.27 to 2.93, P(trend) = .0045), trans-nonachlor (Q4 vs Q1, OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.67, P(trend) = .033), and a chlordane metabolite, oxychlordane (Q4 vs Q1, OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.60, P(trend) = .048), whereas nonseminoma risk showed a statistically significant association with p,p'-DDE only (Q4 vs Q1, OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.42, P(trend) = .0044).Increased exposure to p,p'-DDE may be associated with the risk of both seminomatous and nonseminomatous TGCTs, whereas exposure to chlordane compounds and metabolites may be associated with the risk of seminoma. Because evidence suggests that TGCT is initiated in very early life, it is possible that exposure to these persistent organic pesticides during fetal life or via breast feeding may increase the risk of TGCT in young men.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Breast Feeding/adverse effects | Case-Control Studies | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/toxicity | Logistic Models | Male | Multivariate Analysis | Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/majr/chemically induced/ethnology | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Risk Factors | Seminoma/chemically induced | Surveys and Questionnaires | Testicular Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced/ethnology | United States/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn101\",\"10.1093/jnci/djn101\")","v":"10.1093/jnci/djn101"},"100","9","663-71","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18406082\",\"18406082\")","v":"18406082"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Steroid secretion following exposure of ovarian follicular cells to single congeners and defined mixture of polybrominateddibenzoethers (PBDEs), p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE.",0,0,"Gregoraszczuk EŁ, Rak A, Kawalec K, Ropstad E","Toxicology letters","Steroid secretion following exposure of ovarian follicular cells to single congeners and defined mixture of polybrominateddibenzoethers (PBDEs), p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  The main objective of the present study was to describe in vitro effects of individual congeners of polybrominateddibenzoethers (PBDEs) (PBDE-47, 99, 100, 209), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) present at the highest amount in real-life mixtures of POPs extracted from liver oil of burbot from Lake Mjøsa in Norway, and defined combinations of these compounds on steroidogenesis in porcine ovarian follicular cells. Co-culture of theca and granulosa cells (Gc) was exposed by individual congeners of PBDEs or mixture. Media samples were collected and used for cell viability and steroid determination, while cells were used for the measurement of caspase-3 activity. All investigated PBDEs congeners increased both testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) secretion. We noted additive stimulatory action of BDE-47 and BDE-100 on both T and E2 secretion, and then inhibitory action on both of these hormones production when additionally BDE-99 and then BDE-209 were included in this mixture. The situation was different when DDT and DDE were added to the defined mixture. Stimulatory action on E2 secretion with parallel decrease of T secretion was noted. In conclusion, the data indicated: (1) stimulatory action of individual congeners of PBDEs on both E2 and T secretion by ovarian follicular cells points to stimulatory action on enzymes responsible for testosterone secretion; (2) the overall effect of a real-life mixture on the steroidogenic response in ovarian follicular cells could be dependent on the concentration of DDTs in the mixture; (3) the predicted effect of mixture, calculated based on a sum of independent action of individual congeners, was higher than that noted under the influence of defined mixture.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Flame Retardants|Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|Indicators and Reagents|Insecticides|Phenyl Ethers|Polybrominated Biphenyls|Steroids|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|pentabromodiphenyl ether|DDT|L-Lactate Dehydrogenase|Caspase 3 MeSH:  | Animals | Apoptosis/drug effects | Caspase 3/metabolism | Cell Survival/drug effects | Coculture Techniques | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Estradiol/metabolism | Female | Flame Retardants/majr/toxicity | Granulosa Cells/drug effects/metabolism | Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers | Indicators and Reagents | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism | Ovarian Follicle/majr/cytology/drug effects/metabolism | Phenyl Ethers/majr/toxicity | Polybrominated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Steroids/majr/metabolism | Swine | Testosterone/metabolism | Theca Cells/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.011\",\"10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.011\")","v":"10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.011"},"178","2","103-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D005411:Flame Retardants|D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers|D007202:Indicators and Reagents|D007306:Insecticides|D010647:Phenyl Ethers|D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls|D013256:Steroids|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether|D003634:DDT|D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase|D053148:Caspase 3|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341512\",\"18341512\")","v":"18341512"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Effects of perinatal, combined exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene on rat female reproductive system.",0,0,"Makita Y","Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology","Effects of perinatal, combined exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene on rat female reproductive system.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal or early postnatal exposure to some synthetic chemicals may affect the later reproductive system of the offspring. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (DCB) is used as an air freshener and a moth repellent and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) is a persistent metabolite of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane that was used as a pesticide before. DCB concentrations of residential air and oral p,p'-DDE intake through marine products are demonstrated to be rather high in Japan. Such situations lead to high body burden of these pollutants in pregnant women. Consequently, foetuses and neonates will be exposed much more to DCB and p,p'-DDE via the mother. Therefore, the effects of the perinatal, combined exposure to DCB and p,p'-DDE on the female reproductive system have been investigated in mature rat female offspring of dams ingesting 25 p.p.m. DCB (approximately 2 mg/kg) and 125 p.p.m. p,p'-DDE (approximately 10 mg/kg) during the gestational and lactational period. Sexual maturation was fully developed in the rat female offspring perinatally exposed to DCB and/or p,p'-DDE through maternal exposure. The combined effect of DCB and p,p'-DDE was observed, and the ovarian weight was seen to decrease to approximately 80% of the control rat in matured female offspring following perinatal exposure to DCB and p,p'-DDE. This alteration might lead to reproductive dysfunction in matured female offspring. However, biological relevance of the alteration in the ovary remained uncertain in the present study. Further investigations concerning the reproductive function and mechanistic implication are required for elucidating the combined effects of perinatal exposure to DCB and p,p'-DDE on the later female reproductive system entirely.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chlorobenzenes|Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|4-dichlorobenzene MeSH:  | Animals | Chlorobenzenes/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Gestational Age | Lactation | Organ Size | Ovarian Follicle/drug effects | Ovary/majr/drug effects/growth & development | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Sexual Maturation/majr/drug effects | Uterus/majr/drug effects/growth & development",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00179.x\",\"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00179.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00179.x"},"102","4","360-4","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002722:Chlorobenzenes|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C018511:4-dichlorobenzene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288315\",\"18288315\")","v":"18288315"},0,0,0,0,2008,"DDE, a degradation product of DDT, and duration of lactation in a highly exposed area of Mexico.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2235222\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Cupul-Uicab LA, Gladen BC, Hernández-Avila M, Weber JP, Longnecker MP","Environmental health perspectives","DDE, a degradation product of DDT, and duration of lactation in a highly exposed area of Mexico.    ABSTRACT:  Higher levels of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), the major degradation product of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), have been related to shorter duration of breast-feeding in previous studies. If DDE truly shortens lactation, this has public health importance regarding infant mortality and the use of DDT for malaria control.Our aim was to assess the relationship of maternal DDE concentrations with length of subsequent lactation.We conducted a relatively large study in a highly exposed area of Mexico. We followed 784 mother-son pairs to determine length of lactation. DDE and DDT were measured in maternal serum obtained within a day of delivery. We fit proportional hazard models with and without stratifying by previous breast-feeding, because an association of DDE with duration of lactation among those who breast-fed previously could be attributed to a noncausal mechanism.Compared with those with DDE concentrations < or = 3.00 microg/g, the adjusted hazard ratios of weaning according to DDE category were, for concentrations 3.01-6.00 microg/g, 1.27 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.55]; for concentrations 6.01-9.00 microg/g, 1.23 (95% CI, 0.92-1.63); and for concentrations > 9.00 microg/g, 1.17 (95% CI, 0.92-1.49). The corresponding ratios for women who previously breast-fed were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06-1.87); 1.91 (95% CI, 1.24-2.93); and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.22-2.53). Those for women who had not breast-fed previously were 1.14 (95% CI, 0.86-1.52); 0.90 (95% CI, 0.61-1.31); and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.66-1.26).Data from our relatively large study in a highly exposed area of Mexico did not support the hypothesis that exposure to DDE shortens length of lactation. The association seen in women who previously breast-fed was likely attributed to a noncausal mechanism. Nonetheless, whether DDT has other important adverse effects on humans is still an open question.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Female | Humans | Lactation/majr/drug effects | Mexico | Pregnancy | Proportional Hazards Models Other:DDE | DDT | breast-feeding | infant | lactation |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10550\",\"10.1289/ehp.10550\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.10550"},"116","2","179-83","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18207242\",\"18207242\")","v":"18207242"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Thyroid disruption at birth due to prenatal exposure to beta-hexachlorocyclohexane.",0,0,"Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Ribas-Fitó N, Torrent M, Carrizo D, Garcia-Esteban R, Grimalt JO, Sunyer J","Environment international","Thyroid disruption at birth due to prenatal exposure to beta-hexachlorocyclohexane.    ABSTRACT:  Thyroid hormones play an important role in human brain development, and some organochlorine compounds (OCs) act as thyroid disruptors. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and thyroid function in newborns from a general population birth cohort in Menorca, with an a-priori specific focus on beta-HCH.Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p'p'-DDE) and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (p'p-DDT) in cord serum, and thyrotropin (TSH) concentration in plasma three days after birth were measured in 387 newborns from Menorca. The TSH concentration was categorized (high or low), except for 27 children whose TSH levels were quantified.Levels of beta-HCH and PCB-153 were positively related to TSH concentrations (gestational age-adjusted coefficient (p-value): 0.26 (p = 0.006) and 0.31 (p = 0.050), respectively).beta-HCH is potentially a new thyroid disrupting compound, deserving special interest in future studies given its high body burden in humans.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hexachlorocyclohexane|Thyrotropin|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Cohort Studies | Female | Hexachlorocyclohexane/majr/toxicity | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood | Spain | Thyroid Gland/majr/drug effects | Thyrotropin/majr/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.001\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.001\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.001"},"34","6","737-40","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D013972:Thyrotropin|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195494\",\"18195494\")","v":"18195494"},0,0,0,0,2007,"DDT- and DDE-induced disruption of ovarian steroidogenesis in prepubertal porcine ovarian follicles: a possible interaction with the main steroidogenic enzymes and estrogen receptor beta.",0,0,"Wójtowicz AK, Kajta M, Gregoraszczuk EŁ","Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society","DDT- and DDE-induced disruption of ovarian steroidogenesis in prepubertal porcine ovarian follicles: a possible interaction with the main steroidogenic enzymes and estrogen receptor beta.    ABSTRACT:  We evaluated impact of DDT isomers, o, p'- DDT [1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene] and p, p'-DDT [1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane], and their metabolites, o, p'-DDE and p, p'-DDE, on ovarian steroidogenesis. All these compounds, except for p, p'-DDT, demonstrated estrogenic effects on steroid secretion in co-cultures of porcine prepubertal granulosa and theca cells. p,p'-DDT decreased progesterone and estradiol release, which was reversed by the addition of testosterone. In contrast, o, p'-DDT inhibited progesterone secretion with parallel stimulation of basal and testosterone-stimulated estradiol release. DDEs stimulated progesterone and estradiol secretion. The fluorometric assay confirmed that p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, and o,p'-DDE stimulated aromatase activity. Western blots indicated that o,p-DDT and o,p'-DDE diminished the expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). This study demonstrated the isomer-dependent action of DDT in pig ovarian cells. We propose that DDT could disrupt ovarian steroidogenesis either by interfering with main steroidogenic enzymes or affecting ERbeta.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Estrogen Receptor beta|Pesticides|Steroids|Progesterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Mitotane|DDT|o,p'-DDT|2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene|Aromatase MeSH:  | Animals | Aromatase/majr/metabolism | Cells, Cultured | DDT/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Estradiol/biosynthesis | Estrogen Receptor beta/majr/biosynthesis | Female | Granulosa Cells/drug effects/metabolism | Isomerism | Mitotane/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity | Ovarian Follicle/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Pesticides/metabolism/toxicity | Progesterone/biosynthesis | Steroids/majr/biosynthesis | Swine | Theca Cells/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"58","4","873-85","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta|D010575:Pesticides|D013256:Steroids|D011374:Progesterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D008939:Mitotane|D003634:DDT|C016340:o,p'-DDT|C054919:2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene|D001141:Aromatase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174946\",\"18174946\")","v":"18174946"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Xenoandrogenic activity in serum differs across European and Inuit populations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2174397\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Krüger T, Hjelmborg PS, Jönsson BA, Hagmar L, Giwercman A, Manicardi GC, Bizzaro D, Spanò M, Rignell-Hydbom A, Pedersen HS, Toft G, Bonde JP, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC","Environmental health perspectives","Xenoandrogenic activity in serum differs across European and Inuit populations.    ABSTRACT:  Animal and in vitro studies have indicated that human male reproductive disorders can arise as a result of disrupted androgen receptor (AR) signalling by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Our aim in the present study was to compare serum xenoandrogenic activity between study groups with different POP exposures and to evaluate correlations to the POP proxy markers 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE).We determined xenoandrogenic activity in the serum fraction containing the lipophilic POPs but free of endogenous hormones. Adult male serum (n = 261) from Greenland, Sweden, Warsaw (Poland), and Kharkiv (Ukraine) was analyzed. Xenoandrogenic activity was determined as the effect of serum extract alone (XAR) and in the presence of the synthetic AR agonist R1881 (XARcomp) on AR transactivated luciferase activity.The study groups differed significantly with respect to XARcomp activity, which was increased in the Inuits and decreased in the European study groups; we observed no difference for XAR activity. We found the highest level of the AR antagonist p,p'-DDE in Kharkiv, and accordingly, this study group showed the highest percent of serum samples with decreased XARcomp activities. Furthermore, the percentage of serum samples with decreased XARcomp activities followed the p,p'-DDE serum level for the European study groups. No correlations between serum XAR or XARcomp activities and the two POP markers were revealed.The differences in XARcomp serum activity between the study groups suggest differences in chemical exposure profiles, genetics, and/or lifestyle factors.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgens|Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Receptors, Androgen|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Luciferases|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Aged | Androgens/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Europe | Humans | Inuits | Life Style | Luciferases/metabolism | Male | Middle Aged | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Receptors, Androgen/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Signal Transduction | Whites Other:AR activity | CB-153 | human serum | p,p′-DDE | polychlorinated biphenyls |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9353\",\"10.1289/ehp.9353\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.9353"},"115 Suppl 1","Suppl 1","21-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000728:Androgens|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008156:Luciferases|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18021774\",\"18021774\")","v":"18021774"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Consequences of in ovo exposure to p,p'-DDE on reproductive development and function in Japanese quail.",0,0,"Quinn MJ, Summitt CL, Ottinger MA","Hormones and behavior","Consequences of in ovo exposure to p,p'-DDE on reproductive development and function in Japanese quail.    ABSTRACT:  This study was conduced to assess the effects of a one time embryonic exposure to p,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDE) on the reproductive development and function in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Embryos were exposed at day one of incubation to either 20 or 40 microg DDE or a sesame oil vehicle control (injection volume=20 microl). Onset of puberty, gonadal histopathology, sperm motility, cloacal gland size, and male copulatory behavior were assessed in adults. DDE accelerated onset of puberty in females and reduced male reproductive behaviors. Gonadal morphology and sperm motility appeared to be unaffected. Results from this study provide evidence that the neuroendocrine system may be more sensitive and less resilient to embryonic exposure to contaminants than traditional measures of reproductive success following contaminant exposure in adults. This study further supports the inclusion of behavioral assessments in toxicity tests.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adaptation, Physiological | Animals | Brain/drug effects/growth & development | Copulation/majr/drug effects | Coturnix | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Disease Models, Animal | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/toxicity | Female | Gonads/majr/drug effects/growth & development | Humans | Insecticides/toxicity | Male | Ovum/drug effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Sex Differentiation/drug effects | Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects | Sexual Maturation/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.10.004\",\"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.10.004\")","v":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.10.004"},"53","1","249-53","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17948813\",\"17948813\")","v":"17948813"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Tissue contaminants and associated transcriptional response in trout liver from high elevation lakes of Washington.",0,0,"Moran PW, Aluru N, Black RW, Vijayan MM","Environmental science & technology","Tissue contaminants and associated transcriptional response in trout liver from high elevation lakes of Washington.    ABSTRACT:  The consistent cold temperatures and large amount of precipitation in the Olympic and Cascade ranges of Washington State are thought to enhance atmospheric deposition of contaminants. However, little is known about contaminant levels in organisms residing in these remote high elevation lakes. We measured total mercury and 28 organochlorine compounds in trout collected from 14 remote lakes in the Olympic, Mt. Rainer, and North Cascades National Parks. Mercury was detected in trout from all lakes sampled (15 to 262 microg/kg ww), while two organochlorines, total polychlorinated biphenyls (tPCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were also detected in these fish tissues (<25 microg/kg ww). In sediments, organochlorine levels were below detection, while median total and methyl mercury were 30.4 and 0.34 microg/kg dry weight (ww), respectively. Using fish from two lakes, representing different contaminant loading levels (Wilcox lake: high; Skymo lake: low), we examined transcriptional response in the liver using a custom-made low-density targeted rainbow trout cDNA microarray. We detected significant differences in liver transcriptional response, including significant changes in metabolic, endocrine, and immune-related genes, in fish collected from Wilcox Lake compared to Skymo Lake. Overall, our results suggest that local urban areas contribute to the observed contaminant patterns in these high elevation lakes, while the transcriptional changes point to a biological response associated with exposure to these contaminants in fish. Specifically, the gene expression pattern leads us to hypothesize a role for mercury in disrupting the metabolic and reproductive pathways in fish from high elevation lakes in western Washington.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Fresh Water/majr/analysis | Gene Expression/drug effects | Geography | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Liver/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Mercury/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Transcription, Genetic/drug effects | Trout | Washington",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es070550y\",\"10.1021/es070550y\")","v":"10.1021/es070550y"},"41","18","6591-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17681675\",\"17681675\")","v":"17681675"},0,0,0,0,2007,"DDT and its metabolite DDE alter steroid hormone secretion in human term placental explants by regulation of aromatase activity.",0,0,"Wójtowicz AK, Milewicz T, Gregoraszczuk EŁ","Toxicology letters","DDT and its metabolite DDE alter steroid hormone secretion in human term placental explants by regulation of aromatase activity.    ABSTRACT:  Placental explants were used to compare the effects of two isomers of DDT (1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane), p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT and their metabolites p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDE (1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) on steroid hormone secretion (estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4)). Explants were treated with 1, 10, 100ng/ml or 1microg/ml of each compound for 24h. We found that all investigated compounds at all doses caused reductions of estradiol secretion. Moreover, it was shown that the inhibition of estradiol secretion was due to direct action on aromatase activity. Twenty-four-hour exposure to p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT or o,p'-DDE at doses of 100ng/ml or 1microg/ml increased P4 secretion, suggesting that these compounds act on P450scc. The fluorometric assay confirmed that all investigated compounds inhibited aromatase activity at a concentration of 100ng/ml. Our findings suggest that by decreasing estradiol secretion with concomitant stimulation of progesterone secretion, DDT could be a factor that influences the outcome of pregnancy.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Aromatase Inhibitors|Pesticides|Dehydroepiandrosterone|Progesterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|DDT|Aromatase|Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme MeSH:  | Aromatase/majr/metabolism | Aromatase Inhibitors/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/metabolism | DDT/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Dehydroepiandrosterone/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Estradiol/majr/metabolism | Female | Humans | Isomerism | Pesticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Placenta/majr/drug effects/enzymology/metabolism | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications/chemically induced/metabolism | Progesterone/majr/metabolism | Tissue Culture Techniques",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.06.005\",\"10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.06.005\")","v":"10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.06.005"},"173","1","24-30","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors|D010575:Pesticides|D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone|D011374:Progesterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D003634:DDT|D001141:Aromatase|D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17680058\",\"17680058\")","v":"17680058"},0,0,0,0,2007,"[Human health effects and p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT exposure: the case of Mexico].",1,0,"Torres-Sánchez L, López-Carrillo L","Ciencia & saude coletiva","[Human health effects and p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT exposure: the case of Mexico].    ABSTRACT:  Based on the systematic revision of 32 articles published in PubMed-Medline until January of 2006 and using like key words DDT exposure, human, milk and Mexico; this study analyzes the situation about the exposure of difenildicloroetano (DDT) and its main metabolite p,p,'-DDE in Mexico, as well as, their possible repercussion on the human health. Even though, the use of the DDT in Mexico was banned in 1999, the evaluated studies report significant levels of p, p'-DDE, in biological samples of serum, adipose tissue and maternal milk of populations not occupationally exposed. Also, there are evidences on damages to the health, specially related to the reproductive area, and more recently damages at cellular level, as well as, alteration in the psychomotor development of children exposed in uterus. Even though many gaps exist concerning the other adverse effects on health, relating to DDT exposure and its metabolites, experience accumulated at this point, must be taken into account in Mexico and the rest from Latin America, so that following this precautionary principle they should legislate against DDT and other persistent organic contaminants with characteristics similar to those of DDT and its metabolites.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | DDT/majr/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Humans | Mexico",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232007000100010\",\"10.1590/s1413-81232007000100010\")","v":"10.1590/s1413-81232007000100010"},"12","1","51-60","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17574386\",\"17574386\")","v":"17574386"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Influence of dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene on vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor in human and rat ovarian cells.",0,0,"Holloway AC, Petrik JJ, Younglai EV","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Influence of dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene on vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor in human and rat ovarian cells.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE, DDE), a metabolite of DDT is a persistent hormonally active environmental toxicant present in human serum and follicular fluid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DDE on the expression of the ovarian vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in primary cultures of human granulosa cells and in the rat ovary. Granulosa cells were obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization and cultured with environmentally relevant concentrations of DDE. Immature female rats were treated with 100 microg DDE/kg body weight or vehicle at 28 and 31 days of age and then euthanized at 50 days of age for collection of ovarian tissue. Expression of VEGF, the VEGF receptor fetal liver kinase (Flk-1) and IGF-1 were determined by Western blotting analysis of protein lysates from granulosa cell cultures and by immunohistochemistry in the rat ovary. DDE at concentrations of 100-1000 ng/mL increased the expression of VEGF, Flk-1 and IGF-1 in vitro in primary cultures of human granulosa cells, with the highest expression occurring at 1000 ng/mL. Similarly, acute administration of DDE resulted in a significant increase in immunoreactive VEGF, Flk-1 and IGF-1 in the rat ovary. We conclude that DDE, at levels, which have been detected in humans, alters the expression of the ovarian growth factors VEGF and IGF-1 both in vivo and in vitro. This alteration in expression of growth factors may lead to altered ovarian function as seen in polycystic ovaries and impaired fertility.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|VEGFA protein, human|Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A|vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Insulin-Like Growth Factor I|Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 MeSH:  | Animals | Blotting, Western | Cells, Cultured | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Granulosa Cells/drug effects/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/majr/metabolism | Ovary/majr/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/majr/metabolism | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.05.003\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.05.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.05.003"},"24","3-4","359-64","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|C467484:VEGFA protein, human|D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A|C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I|D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556801\",\"17556801\")","v":"17556801"},0,0,0,0,2007,"The short- and long-term effects of two isomers of DDT and their metabolite DDE on hormone secretion and survival of human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells.",0,0,"Wójtowicz AK, Augustowska K, Gregoraszczuk EL","Pharmacological reports : PR","The short- and long-term effects of two isomers of DDT and their metabolite DDE on hormone secretion and survival of human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells.    ABSTRACT:  JEG-3 cells were used to compare the effects of two isomers of DDT (1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane), p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT and their metabolite DDE (1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) on progesterone (P4) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion and cell apoptosis. Cells were treated with 1, 10, 100 ng/ml or 1 mug/ml of each compound for 24 or 72 h. Twenty four hours of exposure at 1 mug/ml of p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT decreased, whereas both DDEs, at all investigated concentrations, increased P4 secretion. Seventy two-hour exposure to all concentrations of both isomers of DDT and their metabolite DDE stimulated progesterone secretion. Statistically significant decrease in hCG secretion after 24 h and increase in hCG secretion after 72 h exposure for all investigated compounds was noted. Decrease in caspase-3 activity was observed in cells exposed to both isomers of DDT and its metabolites. These findings indicate that both isomers of DDT and their metabolite DDE are able to alter main placental hormone production and survival of JEG-3 cells in the concentration- and time-dependent manner.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chorionic Gonadotropin|Progesterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Caspase 3 MeSH:  | Apoptosis/drug effects | Caspase 3/metabolism | Cell Line, Tumor | Cell Survival/drug effects | Choriocarcinoma/metabolism/pathology | Chorionic Gonadotropin/majr/metabolism | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Humans | Progesterone/majr/metabolism | Trophoblasts/majr/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"59","2","224-32","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin|D011374:Progesterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D053148:Caspase 3|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17502831\",\"17502831\")","v":"17502831"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length as a modifier of the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure markers and semen characteristics.",0,0,"Giwercman A, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BA, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Zvyezday V, Spano M, Manicardi GC, Bizzaro D, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Toft G, Bonde JP, Giwercman C, Tiido T, Giwercman YL","Pharmacogenetics and genomics","Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length as a modifier of the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure markers and semen characteristics.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to persistent organohalogen pollutants was suggested to impair male reproductive function. A gene-environment interaction has been proposed. No genes modifying the effect of persistent organohalogen pollutants on reproductive organs have yet been identified. We aimed to investigate whether the CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene modify the effect of persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure on human sperm characteristics.Semen and blood from 680 men [mean (SD) age 34 (10) years] from Greenland, Sweden, Warsaw (Poland) and Kharkiv (Ukraine) were collected. Persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure was assessed by measuring serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE). Semen characteristics (volume, sperm concentration, total count, proportion of progressively motile and morphology) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were determined. CAG and GGN repeat lengths were determined by direct sequencing of leukocyte DNA.A statistically significant interaction was found between the CB-153 group and CAG repeat category in relation to sperm concentration and total sperm count (P=0.03 and 0.01, respectively). For p,p'-DDE, in the European cohorts a significant interaction was found in relation to DFI (P=0.01). For CAG<20, sperm concentration and total sperm count were 35 and 42% lower, respectively, when the group with CB-153 exposure above median was compared with that below the median. DFI was 40% higher in the high p,p'-DDE exposure group for CAG<or=21.This study indicated that the androgen receptor CAG repeat length might modify the susceptibility of an individual to the adverse effects of persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure on semen quality. Other studies regarding this matter are warranted.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: AR protein, human|Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Halogenated|Receptors, Androgen|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | DNA Fragmentation/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/majr/toxicity | Male | Minisatellite Repeats | Pharmacogenetics | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Polymorphism, Genetic | Receptors, Androgen/majr/genetics | Semen/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Sperm Count | Trinucleotide Repeats/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.fpc.0000236329.26551.78\",\"10.1097/01.fpc.0000236329.26551.78\")","v":"10.1097/01.fpc.0000236329.26551.78"},"17","6","391-401","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","C410798:AR protein, human|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17462700\",\"17462700\")","v":"17462700"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Concentrations of p,p'-DDE in plasma of nestling Wood Storks from Georgia.",0,0,"Bowerman WW, Bryan AL, Robinette JR, Wing JM, Wiley FE, Murugasan S","Chemosphere","Concentrations of p,p'-DDE in plasma of nestling Wood Storks from Georgia.    ABSTRACT:  We determined the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and total PCBs in plasma of nestling Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) from two colonies in Georgia in 2000. Of 20 compounds analyzed for, only p,p'-DDE was quantified in reportable concentrations, ranging from <2.0-174.0 ng/g wet weight (ww). Concentrations of p,p'-DDE were significantly greater (P<0.0001) in plasma of nestlings from an inland colony, Chew Mill (x 16.9 ng/g,ww) than a coastal colony, Harris Neck (x 1.2 ng/g,ww). Concentrations from nestlings from Chew Mill were significantly different among sampling weeks (P=0.01), with week 8 being significantly greater than weeks 1, 2, and 5. While the Chew Mill colony had much greater concentrations of p,p'-DDE in plasma of nestlings than the Harris Neck colony, reproduction was greater there (1.8+/-1.0 SD fledged young per nesting attempt) than Harris Neck (1.4+/-1.0 SD fledged young per nesting attempt). While concentrations of p,p'-DDE determined in plasma of nestling Wood Storks are an indirect measure of adult exposure to environmental toxicants, concentrations reported would not be considered detrimental to reproduction in these colonies.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Aging/majr/blood | Animals | Birds/majr/blood/growth & development | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Environmental Monitoring/majr/methods | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Georgia",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.017\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.017\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.017"},"68","8","1506-10","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431495\",\"17431495\")","v":"17431495"},0,0,0,0,2007,"In utero p,p'-DDE exposure and infant neurodevelopment: a perinatal cohort in Mexico.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1849908\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Torres-Sánchez L, Rothenberg SJ, Schnaas L, Cebrián ME, Osorio E, Del Carmen Hernández M, García-Hernández RM, Del Rio-Garcia C, Wolff MS, López-Carrillo L","Environmental health perspectives","In utero p,p'-DDE exposure and infant neurodevelopment: a perinatal cohort in Mexico.    ABSTRACT:  Evidence suggests that p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) affects neurodevelopment in infants, although a critical exposure window has not yet been identified.Our goal was to assess the prenatal DDE exposure window and its effect on the psychomotor development index (PDI) and mental development index (MDI) during the first year of life.We recruited 244 children whose pregnancies and deliveries were uncomplicated, and whose mothers were monitored throughout the pregnancy. Participating mothers were not occupationally exposed to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) but were residents of a zone in Mexico with endemic malaria. We measured serum levels of DDE before pregnancy and during each trimester of the pregnancy. We evaluated PDI and MDI of the Bayley Scales for Infant Development (BSID-II), at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age. We adjusted for quality of the home environment and maternal intellectual coefficient (IQ). We used generalized mixed-effects models for statistical analysis.Third-trimester DDE level (7.8 +/- 2.8 ppb) was significantly higher than the level at baseline, first, and second trimesters, but the differences never exceeded 20%. Only DDE levels during the first trimester of pregnancy were associated with a significant reduction in PDI (every doubled increase of DDE level reduced the PDI 0.5 points). DDE was not associated with MDI.A critical window of exposure to DDE in utero may be the first trimester of the pregnancy, and psychomotor development is a target of this compound. Residues of DDT metabolites may present a risk of developmental delay for years after termination of DDT use.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Lead|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Child Development/majr/drug effects | DDT/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Lead/blood | Maternal Exposure | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Mexico/epidemiology | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/blood/chemically induced/epidemiology | Psychomotor Performance/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9566\",\"10.1289/ehp.9566\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.9566"},"115","3","435-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D007854:Lead|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17406008\",\"17406008\")","v":"17406008"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Prenatal organophosphate metabolite and organochlorine levels and performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale in a multiethnic pregnancy cohort.",0,0,"Engel SM, Berkowitz GS, Barr DB, Teitelbaum SL, Siskind J, Meisel SJ, Wetmur JG, Wolff MS","American journal of epidemiology","Prenatal organophosphate metabolite and organochlorine levels and performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale in a multiethnic pregnancy cohort.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal exposures to organophosphate pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls have been associated with abnormal neonatal behavior and/or primitive reflexes. In 1998-2002, the Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health Center (New York City) investigated the effects of indoor pesticide use and exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on pregnancy outcome and child neurodevelopment in an inner-city multiethnic cohort. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered before hospital discharge (n = 311). Maternal urine samples were analyzed for six dialkylphosphate metabolites and malathion dicarboxylic acid. A random subset of maternal peripheral blood samples from the entire cohort (n = 194) was analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene. Malathion dicarboxylic acid levels above the limit of detection were associated with a 2.24-fold increase in the number of abnormal reflexes (95% confidence interval: 1.55, 3.24). Likewise, higher levels of total diethylphosphates and total dialkylphosphates were associated with an increase in abnormal reflexes, as was total dimethylphosphates after paraoxonase expression was considered. No adverse associations were found with polychlorinated biphenyl or 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene levels and any behavior. The authors uncovered additional evidence that prenatal levels of organophosphate pesticide metabolites are associated with anomalies in primitive reflexes, which are a critical marker of neurologic integrity.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Biomarkers/blood/urine | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity/urine | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Ethnicity | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Logistic Models | Maternal Exposure/majr | Neonatal Screening | Pesticides/majr/blood/toxicity/urine | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity/urine | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Reflex, Abnormal/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm029\",\"10.1093/aje/kwm029\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kwm029"},"165","12","1397-404","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17287022\",\"17287022\")","v":"17287022"},0,0,0,0,2007,"In utero exposure to DDT and performance on the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale.",0,0,"Fenster L, Eskenazi B, Anderson M, Bradman A, Hubbard A, Barr DB","Neurotoxicology","In utero exposure to DDT and performance on the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale.    ABSTRACT:  We investigated whether decrements in neonatal neurodevelopment, as determined by the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (BNBAS), were associated with in utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), o,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (o,p'-DDT) and p,p'-DDT's primary breakdown product p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) (heretofore collectively referred to as DDT/DDE). Our subjects were a birth cohort of 303 infants whose mothers were low-income Latinas living in the Salinas Valley, an agricultural community in California. We assessed neonates < or =2 months old using the seven BNBAS clusters (habituation, orientation, motor performance, range of state, regulation of state, autonomic stability, and reflex) and examined performance in relationship to DDT/DDE measures in maternal serum samples collected during pregnancy. We did not find any detrimental associations between in utero DDT/DDE levels and neonatal performance on the BNBAS. In this same cohort, we previously demonstrated that exposures to DDT/DDE were related to decrements in neurodevelopment at 6-24 months of age. The failure to observe effects on the BNBAS in these same children may be due to limited sensitivity of a single BNBAS assessment or a delay in the manifestations of neurodevelopmental effects of DDT/DDE until after the neonatal period.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Cluster Analysis | DDT/majr/toxicity | Data Interpretation, Statistical | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant Behavior/majr/drug effects | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Lod Score | Mexican Americans | Neuropsychological Tests/majr | Pregnancy | Psychomotor Performance/majr/drug effects | Socioeconomic Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2006.12.009\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2006.12.009\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2006.12.009"},"28","3","471-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272288\",\"17272288\")","v":"17272288"},0,0,0,0,2007,"In utero exposure to the antiandrogen 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in relation to anogenital distance in male newborns from Chiapas, México.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1852527\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Longnecker MP, Gladen BC, Cupul-Uicab LA, Romano-Riquer SP, Weber JP, Chapin RE, Hernández-Avila M","American journal of epidemiology","In utero exposure to the antiandrogen 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in relation to anogenital distance in male newborns from Chiapas, México.    ABSTRACT:  The insecticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) is still used for disease control in some areas, resulting in high levels of human exposure. The main degradation product of DDT is 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), an antiandrogen. In animal experiments, in utero exposure to DDE decreases anogenital distance in male offspring. In these models, anogenital distance serves as a measure of fetal androgen action. The authors designed the present study to examine the hypothesis that in utero exposure to DDE decreases anogenital distance in newborn human males. A cross-sectional study of 781 newly delivered male infants was conducted in 2002-2003 in Chiapas, México, where DDT had recently been used for malaria control. Measurements of anogenital distance and penile dimensions were taken, and a sample of the mother's blood was drawn. In this population, the range of serum DDE levels was large (0.8-398 microg/liter). The authors, using two-sided tests, found no evidence that exposure in utero to DDE was related to reduced androgen action as reflected by anogenital distance or penile dimensions at birth. If DDE has important antiandrogenic action in humans, it may be manifest only at higher levels of exposure or via effects on other outcomes.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Cross-Sectional Studies | DDT/majr/toxicity | Developmental Biology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine System Diseases/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Female | Genitalia, Male/majr/abnormalities/drug effects | Humans | Incidence | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Mexico/epidemiology | Pregnancy | Risk Assessment | Risk Factors | Time Factors | Urogenital Abnormalities/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwk109\",\"10.1093/aje/kwk109\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kwk109"},"165","9","1015-22","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17244640\",\"17244640\")","v":"17244640"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Modifying effect of the AR gene trinucleotide repeats and SNPs in the AHR and AHRR genes on the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure and human sperm Y:X ratio.",0,0,"Tiido T, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BA, Rylander L, Giwercman A, Giwercman YL","Molecular human reproduction","Modifying effect of the AR gene trinucleotide repeats and SNPs in the AHR and AHRR genes on the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure and human sperm Y:X ratio.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organohalogen pollutants (POPs) have been suggested to be involved in changing the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing sperm. The androgen receptor (AR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) may modulate the effect of POPs with regard to previously observed sperm Y:X ratio changes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether sperm Y:X ratio changes in subjects exposed to 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) were modified by polymorphisms in the AR, AHR and AHRR genes. Semen for analysis of Y- and X-bearing sperm by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization and blood for leukocyte DNA genotyping and analysis of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE concentrations were obtained from 195 Swedish fishermen. The polymorphic CAG and GGN repeats in the AR and the R554K and P185A single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the AHR and AHRR genes, respectively, were determined by direct sequencing and allele-specific PCR. The effect of p,p'-DDE was modified by CAG or GGN repeat category in relation to the proportion of Y-bearing sperm (P = 0.005 and 0.02 for CAG and GGN, respectively). Moreover, p,p'-DDE, but not CB-153, levels were associated with Y-sperm proportion in men with CAG < 22 (P < 0.001), but not in those carrying CAG > or = 22 (P = 0.73). This association was even more pronounced in subjects carrying a short CAG repeat in combination with an AHRR G-allele. The association in regard to p,p'-DDE was found for GGN = 23 but not for the GGN < 23 or GGN > 23 subgroups (P = 0.01, 0.44 and 0.99, respectively). In conclusion The endocrine-disrupting action of POPs, in relation to the observed changes in sperm Y:X ratio, may be modulated by the genes involved in sex steroid and dioxin-mediated pathways.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: AHR protein, human|AHRR protein, human|AR protein, human|Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors|Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Receptors, Androgen|Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|Repressor Proteins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors | Chromosomes, Human, X/majr/drug effects | Chromosomes, Human, Y/majr/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Genotype | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood/toxicity | In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Polymerase Chain Reaction | Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | Receptors, Androgen/majr/genetics/metabolism | Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/majr/genetics/metabolism | Repressor Proteins/majr/genetics/metabolism | Spermatogenesis/drug effects | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Sweden | Trinucleotide Repeats",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gal114\",\"10.1093/molehr/gal114\")","v":"10.1093/molehr/gal114"},"13","4","223-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","C111235:AHR protein, human|C492162:AHRR protein, human|C410798:AR protein, human|D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|D012097:Repressor Proteins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17237730\",\"17237730\")","v":"17237730"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Prenatal pesticide and PCB exposures and birth outcomes.",0,0,"Wolff MS, Engel S, Berkowitz G, Teitelbaum S, Siskind J, Barr DB, Wetmur J","Pediatric research","Prenatal pesticide and PCB exposures and birth outcomes.    ABSTRACT:  Evidence is inconsistent or poorly understood for links between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), and organophosphate (OP) pesticides and adverse pregnancy outcomes, although they are known developmental toxicants. We measured biomarkers of maternal exposure to DDE, PCB, and OP metabolites in the third trimester of pregnancy among 404 mothers in a multiethnic cohort in New York City. We also determined maternal paraoxonase (PON1), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChe), and PON1Q192R gene variant. Higher multivariate-adjusted DDE levels (but not PCB) were associated with lower birth weight (-98 g/log10 DDE, p = 0.096) and head circumference (-0.54 cm/log10 DDE, p = 0.030). DDE and PCB levels were not related to birth length, Ponderal index, or gestational age. Birth length was shorter for mothers with PON192RR slow genotype compared with PON192QQ (p = 0.026), and head circumference was inversely associated with maternal PON1 activity (p = 0.004). With slow-activity PON1 or PON192, urinary diethylphosphates (SigmaDEPs) were associated with lower birth weight and dimethylphosphates (SigmaDMPs) with shorter birth length. No associations were found between birth outcomes and BuChe. In summary, we found suggestive relationships between prenatal environmental biomarkers and birth outcomes in this population. Maternal susceptibility factors including PON1 and maternal weight contributed to the observed effects.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Environmental Pollutants|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Aryldialkylphosphatase|PON1 protein, human MeSH:  | Adult | Aryldialkylphosphatase/blood | Biomarkers/blood | Birth Weight | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity/urine | Female | Humans | Maternal Exposure/majr | New York City | Pesticides/majr/blood/toxicity/urine | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome/majr | Weight Gain/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/pdr.0b013e31802d77f0\",\"10.1203/pdr.0b013e31802d77f0\")","v":"10.1203/pdr.0b013e31802d77f0"},"61","2","243-50","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase|C468406:PON1 protein, human|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17207515\",\"17207515\")","v":"17207515"},0,0,0,0,2007,"From mother to child: investigation of prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent bioaccumulating toxicants using breast milk and placenta biomonitoring.",0,0,"Shen H, Main KM, Virtanen HE, Damggard IN, Haavisto AM, Kaleva M, Boisen KA, Schmidt IM, Chellakooty M, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J, Schramm KW","Chemosphere","From mother to child: investigation of prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent bioaccumulating toxicants using breast milk and placenta biomonitoring.    ABSTRACT:  The exposure levels of placenta and paired breast milk samples to selected organochlorine compounds and pesticides from Danish and Finnish samples have been investigated. p,p'-DDE is the dominant pollutant, beta-HCH, hexachlorobenzene, endosulfan-I, dieldrin, oxychlordane, cis-heptachlor epoxide and p,p'-DDT being the other major constituents. Their concentrations are linearly correlated between milk and placenta in similar patterns for Danish and Finnish samples. Milk samples have higher levels of these pollutants than placenta on lipid base. However, the apparently not correlated compounds, such as alpha-HCH, pentachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole and methoxychlor, are generally accumulated more in placenta, which may suggest a tissue specific metabolic activity. Thus, depending on the compound of interest, biomonitoring may be done in placenta only or in both matrices.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Denmark | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Finland | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Male | Milk, Human/majr/chemistry/metabolism | Mothers | Pesticides/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Placenta/majr/chemistry/pathology | Placentation | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.106\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.106\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.106"},"67","9","S256-62","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17192596\",\"17192596\")","v":"17192596"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Impaired semen quality associated with environmental DDT exposure in young men living in a malaria area in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.",0,0,"Aneck-Hahn NH, Schulenburg GW, Bornman MS, Farias P, de Jager C","Journal of andrology","Impaired semen quality associated with environmental DDT exposure in young men living in a malaria area in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  The pesticide DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(chlorodiphenyl)ethane] is 1 of the 12 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under negotiation at the Stockholm Convention to restrict or ban their production and use because of their toxicity, resistance to breakdown, bioaccumulation, and potential for being transported over long distances. DDT has estrogenic potential, and the main metabolite, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), is a potent antiandrogen. In response to mounting evidence on the endocrine-disrupting influence of environmental chemicals on human health, this epidemiological study was initiated to test the hypothesis that nonoccupational exposure to DDT affects male reproductive parameters. In a cross-sectional study, healthy male subjects (n=311) between 18 and 40 years (23+/-5) of age were recruited from 3 communities in an endemic malaria area in which DDT is sprayed annually. A semen analysis according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards was performed. The Hamilton Thorne Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) system was simultaneously used to determine additional sperm motility parameters. Blood plasma samples were assayed for p,p'-DDT and metabolites as a measure of exposure. The exposure levels were expressed as lipid-adjusted p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE values. The mean p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE concentrations were 90.23 microg/g(+/-102.4) and 215.47 microg/g(+/-210.6), respectively. The multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that mean CASA motility was lower with a higher p,p'-DDE concentration (beta=-0.02, P=.001) and the CASA parameter beat cross-frequency (BCF) was higher with a higher p,p'-DDT concentration (beta=0.01, P=.000). There was also a statistically significant positive association between percent sperm with cytoplasmic droplets and p,p'-DDT concentration (beta=0.0014, P=.014). The ejaculate volume (mean 1.9+/-1.33 mL) was lower than the normal range (>or=2.0 mL) according to WHO, and a significant decrease with increasing p,p'-DDE values was seen for both square root-transformed volume (beta=-0.0003; P=.024) and count (beta=-0.003; P=.04). Although there were no associations between either p,p'-DDT or p,p'-DDE concentrations and the rest of the seminal parameters, the incidence of teratozoospermia (99%; normal sperm<15%) was high. Twenty-eight percent of the study group presented with oligozoospermia (<20x10(6) sperm/mL), which had a significant positive association with p,p'-DDE (odds ratio [OR]=1.001, P=.03). There was a significant positive association between participants with asthenozoospermia (32%) and p,p'-DDT (OR 1.003, P=.006) and p,p'-DDE (OR 1.001, P=.02). The results imply that nonoccupational exposure to DDT is associated with impaired seminal parameters in men. The high exposure levels of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE are of concern because these levels could have far-reaching implications for reproductive and general health.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Cross-Sectional Studies | DDT/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr | Humans | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Malaria/prevention & control | Male | Semen/majr/drug effects | South Africa | Sperm Count/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.106.001701\",\"10.2164/jandrol.106.001701\")","v":"10.2164/jandrol.106.001701"},"28","3","423-34","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145087\",\"17145087\")","v":"17145087"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Exposure to p,p'-DDE or dieldrin during the reproductive season alters hepatic CYP expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1847780\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Barber DS, McNally AJ, Garcia-Reyero N, Denslow ND","Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","Exposure to p,p'-DDE or dieldrin during the reproductive season alters hepatic CYP expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).    ABSTRACT:  Largemouth bass (LMB) in Central Florida living on sites with high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have exhibited poor reproductive success and altered steroid profiles. The mechanism underlying these changes is unknown, however changes in the rate of steroid metabolism could alter steroid homeostasis. Members of the CYP2 and CYP3A families play a significant role in the metabolism of many xenobiotics and endogenous compounds, including sex steroids. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify members of the CYP2 and CYP3A families in LMB and characterize the effects of OCP exposure on their expression. Full-length clones of two CYP3A isoforms were obtained from LMB liver, CYP3A68 and 3A69, which exhibited significant sequence divergence. Full-length clones for CYP2N14 and CYP2P11 were also obtained from LMB liver. Steady-state mRNA levels of each of these CYPs increased in both sexes between early reproductive phase (December) and peak reproductive phase (March). Expression of CYP3A68 and CYP2P11 was sexually dimorphic during peak reproductive phase with 2-fold higher expression in females and males, respectively. Foodborne exposure to 46 ppm p,p'-DDE or 0.8 ppm dieldrin for 30 days did not have a significant effect on expression of CYPs. However, 4 months exposure to p,p'-DDE induced CYP3A68 and 3A69 expression in both sexes, while dieldrin produced weak induction of CYP3A68 and suppressed CYP3A69 expression in females, but had no effect on males. Neither p,p'-DDE nor dieldrin significantly altered the expression of CYP2P11 or CYP2N14. This work demonstrates that there are significant changes in CYP expression that occur during LMB reproduction which can be modified by exposure to OCPs.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: DNA Primers|Insecticides|RNA, Messenger|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System|Dieldrin MeSH:  | Amino Acid Sequence/genetics | Animals | Bass/majr/physiology | Cloning, Molecular | Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/majr/biosynthesis/drug effects/genetics | DNA Primers/chemistry | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dieldrin/majr/toxicity | Female | Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Liver/drug effects/enzymology | Male | Molecular Sequence Data | Phylogeny | RNA, Messenger/analysis | Reproduction/drug effects | Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid | Time Factors | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.008\",\"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.008\")","v":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.008"},"81","1","27-35","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D017931:DNA Primers|D007306:Insecticides|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System|D004026:Dieldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17127755\",\"17127755\")","v":"17127755"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm apoptotic markers and serum levels of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE in European and Inuit populations.",0,0,"Stronati A, Manicardi GC, Cecati M, Bordicchia M, Ferrante L, Spanò M, Toft G, Bonde JP, Jönsson BA, Rignell-Hydbom A, Rylander L, Giwercman A, Pedersen HS, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Sakkas D, Bizzaro D","Reproduction (Cambridge, England)","Relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm apoptotic markers and serum levels of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE in European and Inuit populations.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are suspected to interfere with hormone activity and the normal homeostasis of spermatogenesis. We investigated the relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation, apoptotic markers identified on ejaculated spermatozoa and POP levels in the blood of 652 adult males (200 Inuits from Greenland, 166 Swedish, 134 Polish and 152 Ukrainian). Serum levels of 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153), as a proxy of the total POP burden, and of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE), as a proxy of the total DDT exposure were determined. Sperm DNA fragmentation was measured by using the TUNEL assay, whereas immunofluorescence methods were utilized for detecting pro-apoptotic (Fas) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-xL) markers. Both TUNEL assay and apoptotic markers were statistically differed across the four populations. No correlation between neither sperm DNA fragmentation nor apoptotic sperm parameters and the large variations in POPs exposure was observed for the separate study groups. However, considering the European populations taken together, we showed that both %TUNEL positivity and Bcl-xL were related to CB-153 serum levels, whereas our study failed to demonstrate any relations between DDE and %TUNEL positivity and apoptotic sperm biomarkers (Fas and Bcl-xL) in any region or overall regions. These results suggest that CB-153 and related chemicals might alter sperm DNA integrity and Bcl-xL levels in European adult males, but not in the highly exposed Inuit men. Additional issues (genetic background, lifestyle habits and characterization of total xeno-hormonal activities) need to be investigated in order to fully assess the population variations observed.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Environmental Pollutants|bcl-X Protein|fas Receptor|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Apoptosis | Biomarkers/analysis | DNA Fragmentation | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Flow Cytometry | Greenland | Humans | In Situ Nick-End Labeling | Inuits/majr | Linear Models | Male | Poland | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Semen/chemistry | Sperm Count | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects/pathology | Sweden | Ukraine | Whites | bcl-X Protein/analysis | fas Receptor/analysis",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.01034\",\"10.1530/rep.1.01034\")","v":"10.1530/rep.1.01034"},"132","6","949-58","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D051020:bcl-X Protein|D019014:fas Receptor|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17081607\",\"17081607\")","v":"17081607"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Concentration of organochlorine in egg yolk and reproductive success of Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1758) at Wat Tan-en non-hunting area, Phra Nakhorn Si Ayuthaya Province, Thailand.",0,0,"Keithmaleesatti S, Thirakhupt K, Pradatsudarasar A, Varanusupakul P, Kitana N, Robson M","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","Concentration of organochlorine in egg yolk and reproductive success of Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1758) at Wat Tan-en non-hunting area, Phra Nakhorn Si Ayuthaya Province, Thailand.    ABSTRACT:  Contaminant analyses in animal eggs have illustrated the benefit of wildlife as indicators of xenobiotic contamination in natural habitats. In 2002, concentrations of 16 organochlorine insecticides were measured in egg yolk and the reproductive success of the little egret, Egretta garzetta, was studied in a population at Wat Tan-en non-hunting area Bang Pahan District, Phra Nakhorn Si Ayuthaya Province, Thailand. Only 4,4'-dichloro diphenylethane (4,4'-DDE) was detected in the yolk of all samples (n=12) at the concentrations ranging from 33.4 to 116.0 ng/gwetwt. Mean eggshell thickness (n=24) was 0.261+/-0.005 mm. Relationships between the concentrations of 4,4'-DDE and eggshell thickness as well as the reproductive success at all stages were not found (P>0.05). Rather, major factors potentially influencing the decline of reproductive success observed during the field study may include strong wind, predators, intraspecific and interspecific competitions.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | Clutch Size/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Egg Shell/drug effects/pathology | Egg Yolk/majr/chemistry | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects/physiology | Thailand | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.08.004\",\"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.08.004\")","v":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.08.004"},"68","1","79-83","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17074745\",\"17074745\")","v":"17074745"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Effects of p,p'-DDE on retinoid homeostasis and sex hormones of adult male European common frogs (Rana temporaria).",0,0,"Leiva-Presa A, Jenssen BM","Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A","Effects of p,p'-DDE on retinoid homeostasis and sex hormones of adult male European common frogs (Rana temporaria).    ABSTRACT:  Reports of declining numbers of species and individuals of amphibians in most parts of the world have caused great concern. Several causative factors have been linked to this amphibian decline, and increased environmental pollution related to pesticide use seems to be one important factor. Persistent organic pollutants may act as endocrine disrupters, and thereby exert adverse effects on development (metamorphosis, growth and sexual differentiation) in amphibians. During periodic events, such as spring snowmelt, amphibians may be exposed to acute high levels of pesticides. 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p'-DDE) is a pesticide that is still found in wetlands and soils. In order to study the effects of p,p'-DDE on susceptible amphibian endocrine systems, adult male European common frogs (Rana temporaria) were exposed to different doses of p,p'-DDE (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg p,p'-DDE/kg body mass) for 14 d and sex hormone levels (testosterone and 17beta-estradiol) in plasma and retinoid concentrations (retinol and retinyl palmitate) in liver were determined. The results showed a significant variation in the liver retinol concentration at increasing doses of p,p'-DDE, suggesting that p,p'-DDE may interfere in the hepatic metabolism of retinol in adult frogs. Lack of effects on sex hormones may indicate that after arousal from hibernation males are relatively resistant to adverse reproductive effects of p,p'-DDE.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Retinoids|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Estradiol/blood | Hibernation | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Liver/drug effects/metabolism | Male | Rana temporaria/majr/physiology | Reproduction/drug effects | Retinoids/blood/metabolism | Testosterone/blood | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390600747676\",\"10.1080/15287390600747676\")","v":"10.1080/15287390600747676"},"69","22","2051-62","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D012176:Retinoids|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17014430\",\"17014430\")","v":"17014430"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Early exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, breastfeeding and asthma at age six.",0,0,"Sunyer J, Torrent M, Garcia-Esteban R, Ribas-Fitó N, Carrizo D, Romieu I, Antó JM, Grimalt JO","Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology","Early exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, breastfeeding and asthma at age six.    ABSTRACT:  Our aims were to assess association of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with childhood asthma measured up to age 6 and the effect of DDE on the protective effect of breastfeeding on asthma. In addition, we attempted to assess the relevant time-window of DDE exposure (i.e. at birth or at 4 years). All women presenting for antenatal care in Menorca, Spain over a 12-month period beginning in mid-1997 were invited to take part in a longitudinal study that included a yearly visit. Four hundred eighty-two children were enrolled and 462 provided complete outcome data after 6.5 years of follow-up. Organochlorine compounds were measured in cord serum of 402 (83%) infants and in blood samples of 285 children aged 4. We defined asthma as the presence of wheezing at age 6 and during any preceding year or doctor-diagnosed asthma, and used skin prick test at age 6 to determine atopic status. Results At birth and 4 years of age, all children had detectable levels of DDE (median 1 ng/mL and 0.8 ng/mL, respectively). From birth to age 4, the mean DDE level among children with artificial feeding decreased by 72%, while among breastfed children it increased by 53%. Diagnosed asthma and persistent wheezing were associated with DDE at birth [odds ratio (OR) for an increase in 1 ng/mL, OR=1.18, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.01-1.39 and OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.98-1.30, respectively], but not with DDE at 4 years. Neither breastfeeding nor atopy modified these associations (P>0.3). Breastfeeding protected against diagnosed asthma (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.08-0.87) and wheezing (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.34-0.82) in children with low and high DDE levels at birth. Conclusion In a community without known dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane environmental releases, this study strengthens the evidence for an effect of DDE on asthma by measuring the disease at age 6 and does not support the hypothesis that DDE modifies the protective effect of breastfeeding on asthma.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Asthma/majr/etiology/immunology/prevention & control | Breast Feeding/majr | Child | Child, Preschool | DDT/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Hypersensitivity/diagnosis | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Logistic Models | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Pregnancy | Respiratory Sounds | Risk Assessment | Skin Tests",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x\",\"10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02560.x"},"36","10","1236-41","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008049\",\"17008049\")","v":"17008049"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Association between exposure to persistent organohalogen pollutants and epididymal and accessory sex gland function: multicentre study in Inuit and European populations.",0,0,"Elzanaty S, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BA, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Shevets M, Zvyezday V, Toft G, Bonde JP, Rylander L, Hagmar L, Bonefeld-Jorgensen E, Spano M, Bizzaro D, Manicardi GC, Giwercman A","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Association between exposure to persistent organohalogen pollutants and epididymal and accessory sex gland function: multicentre study in Inuit and European populations.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) may have negative impact on male reproductive function. We, therefore, investigated the association between serum levels of POPs and epididymal and accessory sex gland function. Serum levels of CB-153, p,p'-DDE and seminal markers of epididymal [neutral-alpha glucosidase (NAG)], prostatic [prostate specific-antigen (PSA)] and zinc, and seminal vesicle function (fructose) were measured from 135 Swedish fishermen and fertile men from Greenland (n=163), Warsaw, Poland (n=167) and Kharkiv, Ukraine (n=158). Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders, were employed using both continuous and categorized exposure variables. Both exposure and outcome variables were log transformed. Considering the consistency between models with either continuous or categorized CB-153 levels, negative associations with the activity of NAG were found among Greenlandic men (mean difference 7.0 mU/ejaculate, 95% CI 3.0, 34), and in the aggregated cohort (mean difference 4.0 mU/ejaculate, 95% CI -0.2, 8.0). A positive association was observed between CB-153 and PSA as well as zinc among Kharkiv men. In the Swedish cohort, a negative association was found between CB-153 and fructose. In conclusion, the negative effects of POP on sperm motility, observed in the same study population might partly be caused by post-testicular mechanisms, involving a decreased epididymal function.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Prostate-Specific Antigen|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Biomarkers/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/poisoning | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/poisoning | Female | Fisheries | Genitalia, Male/majr/drug effects/physiology | Greenland | Humans | Inuits/majr | Linear Models | Male | Middle Aged | Poland | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prostate-Specific Antigen/analysis | Semen/chemistry/drug effects | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Ukraine | Whites/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.07.005\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.07.005\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.07.005"},"22","4","765-73","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998635\",\"16998635\")","v":"16998635"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Effects of contaminants on reproductive success of aquatic birds nesting at Edwards Air Force Base, California.",0,0,"Hothem RL, Crayon JJ, Law MA","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Effects of contaminants on reproductive success of aquatic birds nesting at Edwards Air Force Base, California.    ABSTRACT:  Contamination by organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls, metals, and trace elements at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), located in the Mojave Desert, could adversely affect nesting aquatic birds, especially at the sewage lagoons that comprise Piute Ponds. Estimates of avian reproduction, in conjunction with analyses of eggs and avian foods for contaminant residues, may indicate the potential for negative effects on avian populations. From 1996 to 1999, we conducted studies at the Piute Ponds area of EAFB to evaluate the impacts of contaminants on nesting birds. Avian reproduction was evaluated in 1999. Eggs were collected for chemical analyses in 1996 and 1999, and African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), a likely food source, were collected for chemical analyses in 1998. Avian species occupying the higher trophic levels--black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi), and American avocet (Recurvirostra americana)--generally bioaccumulated higher concentrations of contaminants in their eggs. Reproductive success and egg hatchability of night-herons and white-faced ibises in the Piute Ponds were similar to results observed at other western colonies. Deformities were observed in only one embryo in this study, but concentrations of contaminants evaluated in this ibis embryo were considered insufficient to have caused the deformities. Because clawed frogs, a primary prey item for night-herons at Piute Ponds, had no detectable levels of any OCs, it is likely that OCs found in night-heron eggs were acquired from the wintering grounds rather than from EAFB. The presence of isomers of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in ibis eggs indicated recent exposure, but invertebrates used for food by ibises were not sampled at Piute Ponds, and conclusions about the source of OCs in ibis eggs could not be made. Concentrations of contaminants in random and failed eggs of individual species were not different, and we concluded that contaminants did not cause the observed egg failures.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Abnormalities, Drug-Induced | Animals | Birds | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Female | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity | Xenopus laevis",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0226-1\",\"10.1007/s00244-005-0226-1\")","v":"10.1007/s00244-005-0226-1"},"51","4","711-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968864\",\"16968864\")","v":"16968864"},0,0,0,0,2006,"In utero exposure to background concentrations of DDT and cognitive functioning among preschoolers.",0,0,"Ribas-Fitó N, Torrent M, Carrizo D, Muñoz-Ortiz L, Júlvez J, Grimalt JO, Sunyer J","American journal of epidemiology","In utero exposure to background concentrations of DDT and cognitive functioning among preschoolers.    ABSTRACT:  p,p'-DDT (bis[p-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane) is a persistent organochlorine compound that has been used worldwide as an insecticide. The authors evaluated the association of cord serum levels of DDT and its metabolite, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), with neurodevelopment at age 4 years. Two birth cohorts in Ribera d'Ebre and Menorca (Spain) were recruited between 1997 and 1999 (n = 475). Infants were assessed at age 4 years by using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Organochlorine compounds were measured in cord serum. Children's diet and parental sociodemographic information was obtained through questionnaire. Results showed that DDT cord serum concentration at birth was inversely associated with verbal, memory, quantitative, and perceptual-performance skills at age 4 years. Children whose DDT concentrations in cord serum were >0.20 ng/ml had mean decreases of 7.86 (standard error, 3.21) points in the verbal scale and 10.86 (standard error, 4.33) points in the memory scale when compared with children whose concentrations were <0.05 ng/ml. These associations were stronger among girls. Prenatal exposure to background, low-level concentrations of DDT was associated with a decrease in preschoolers' cognitive skills. These results should be considered when evaluating the risk and benefits of spraying DDT during antimalaria and other disease-vector campaigns.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Child, Preschool | Chromatography, Gas | Cognition Disorders/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Female | Humans | Male | Neuropsychological Tests | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Spain/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj299\",\"10.1093/aje/kwj299\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kwj299"},"164","10","955-62","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16966087\",\"16966087\")","v":"16966087"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Reproductive hormone levels in men exposed to persistent organohalogen pollutants: a study of inuit and three European cohorts.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1570059\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Giwercman AH, Rignell-Hydbom A, Toft G, Rylander L, Hagmar L, Lindh C, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Shvets M, Spano M, Manicardi GC, Bizzaro D, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Bonde JP","Environmental health perspectives","Reproductive hormone levels in men exposed to persistent organohalogen pollutants: a study of inuit and three European cohorts.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organohalogen pollutant (POP) exposure may have a negative impact on reproductive function. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of POP exposure on the male hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.Participants included 184 Swedish fishermen and spouses of pregnant women from Greenland (n = 258), Warsaw, Poland (n = 113) , and Kharkiv, Ukraine (n = 194).Serum levels of 2,2,4,4,5,5-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p -DDE) were determined in the four populations, showing different exposure patterns: Swedish fishermen, high CB-153/low p,p -DDE; Greenland, high CB-153/high p,p -DDE; Warsaw, low CB-153/moderate p,p -DDE; Kharkiv, low CB-153/high p,p -DDE. Serum was also analyzed for testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) , inhibin B, luteinizing hormone (LH) , and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) . Free testosterone levels were calculated based on testosterone and SHBG.We found significant center-to-center variations in the associations between exposure and the outcomes. The most pronounced effects were observed in Kharkiv, where statistically significant positive associations were found between the levels of both CB-153 and p,p -DDE and SHBG, as well as LH. In Greenland, there was a positive association between CB-153 exposure and LH. In the pooled data set from all four centers, there was positive association between p,p -DDE and FSH levels [beta = 1.1 IU/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.1 IU/L]. The association between CB-153 levels and SHBG was of borderline statistical significance (beta = 0.90 nmol/L; 95% CI, -0.04 to 1.9 nmol/L).Gonadotropin levels and SHBG seem to be affected by POP exposure, but the pattern of endocrine response is the subject of considerable geographic variation.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Hydrocarbons, Halogenated|Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin|inhibin B|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Inhibins|Luteinizing Hormone|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Estradiol/blood | Europe | Female | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/majr/blood | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/majr/blood/toxicity | Inhibins/blood | Luteinizing Hormone/blood | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin/analysis/metabolism | Testosterone/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8935\",\"10.1289/ehp.8935\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.8935"},"114","9","1348-53","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated|D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin|C422364:inhibin B|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D007265:Inhibins|D007986:Luteinizing Hormone|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16918713\",\"16918713\")","v":"16918713"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Effects of perinatal combined exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene and tributyltin on male reproductive system.",0,0,"Makita Y, Omura M","Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology","Effects of perinatal combined exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene and tributyltin on male reproductive system.    ABSTRACT:  Prenatal or early postnatal exposure to some synthetic chemicals may affect the later reproductive system of the offspring. There may also be unique responses observed due to exposure to combinations of chemicals that are not observed when the chemicals are present individually. 1,1-Dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) is a persistent metabolite of DDT and tributyltin (TBT) compounds are used primarily as antifouling agents, as they exert biocidal actions. p,p'-DDE and TBT are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. Oral p,p'-DDE and TBT intake through marine products is demonstrated to be high in Japan. Consequently, the foetus and neonate are supposed to be exposed much more to p,p'-DDE and TBT via the maternal body. Therefore, effects of perinatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and/or TBT on the reproductive system after maturation have been investigated in rat male offspring of dams orally administered 125 ppm p,p'-DDE (approximately 10 mg/kg) and 25 ppm TBT (approximately 2 mg/kg) during the gestational and lactational period. In this study, growth retardation attributed to TBT has sustained in rat male offspring after perinatal exposure. However, perinatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and TBT failed to affect the male reproductive organs and sperm parameters in matured male offspring.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Trialkyltin Compounds|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|tributyltin|Luteinizing Hormone|Follicle Stimulating Hormone MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Newborn | Body Weight/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Female | Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood | Genitalia, Male/majr/abnormalities/drug effects | Growth Disorders/chemically induced | Insecticides/administration & dosage/toxicity | Luteinizing Hormone/blood | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Random Allocation | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Seminiferous Tubules/abnormalities/drug effects | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatozoa/abnormalities/drug effects | Testosterone/blood | Trialkyltin Compounds/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_430.x\",\"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_430.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_430.x"},"99","2","128-32","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C011559:tributyltin|D007986:Luteinizing Hormone|D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16818570\",\"16818570\")","v":"16818570"},0,0,0,0,2006,"In utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment among young Mexican American children.",0,0,"Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, Fenster L, Johnson C, Barr DB, Jewell NP","Pediatrics","In utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment among young Mexican American children.    ABSTRACT:  We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment of Mexican farm-workers' children in California.Participants from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study, a birth cohort study, included 360 singletons with maternal serum measures of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDE. Psychomotor development and mental development were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6, 12, and 24 months.We found a approximately 2-point decrease in Psychomotor Developmental Index scores with each 10-fold increase in p,p'-DDT levels at 6 and 12 months (but not 24 months) and p,p'-DDE levels at 6 months only. We found no association with mental development at 6 months but a 2- to 3-point decrease in Mental Developmental Index scores for p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT at 12 and 24 months, corresponding to 7- to 10-point decreases across the exposure range. Even when mothers had substantial exposure, breastfeeding was usually associated positively with Bayley scale scores.Prenatal exposure to DDT, and to a lesser extent DDE, was associated with neurodevelopmental delays during early childhood, although breastfeeding was found to be beneficial even among women with high levels of exposure. Countries considering the use of DDT should weigh its benefit in eradicating malaria against the negative associations found in this first report on DDT and human neurodevelopment.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Birth Weight | Breast Feeding | Child, Preschool | Cross-Sectional Studies | DDT/majr/adverse effects/blood | Developmental Disabilities/majr/chemically induced | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Gestational Age | Hispanic or Latino | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Psychomotor Performance/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-3117\",\"10.1542/peds.2005-3117\")","v":"10.1542/peds.2005-3117"},"118","1","233-41","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16765462\",\"16765462\")","v":"16765462"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1892580\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Garcia-Reyero N, Barber DS, Gross TS, Johnson KG, Sepúlveda MS, Szabo NJ, Denslow ND","Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction.    ABSTRACT:  Dieldrin and p,p'-DDE are ubiquitous contaminants known to act as endocrine disruptors, causing impaired development and reproduction in fish and wildlife. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which dieldrin and p,p'-DDE cause endocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), fish were exposed subchronically through the diet to both contaminants. Following 120 days of exposure, p,p'-DDE decreased estradiol in females, but increased 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Dieldrin on the other hand, decreased estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Both pesticides also altered steady state mRNA expression levels of a set of genes chosen to represent three possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption: (1) direct interaction with soluble sex steroid receptors, (2) biosynthesis of endogenous sex hormones, and (3) metabolism of endogenous hormones. p,p'-DDE acted as a weak estrogen, increasing the expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor alpha in the liver. p,p'-DDE also altered the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of endogenous hormones as well as their metabolism. Dieldrin, on the other hand, only altered expression of vitellogenin and not estrogen receptor alpha. Dieldrin also altered the expression of genes involved in hormone synthesis and metabolism, and it dramatically lowered plasma hormone levels. Both pesticides targeted expression of genes involved in all three modes of action, suggesting that they each have multiple modes of action.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Pesticides|Phosphoproteins|RNA, Messenger|Receptors, Estrogen|Vitellogenins|steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System|Dieldrin|11-ketotestosterone MeSH:  | Animals | Bass/majr/genetics/metabolism/physiology | Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis/genetics | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Dieldrin/majr/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Down-Regulation/drug effects | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Estradiol/blood | Female | Gene Expression/drug effects | Male | Pesticides/majr/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Phosphoproteins/biosynthesis/genetics | RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics | Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism | Reproduction/drug effects/genetics | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary | Testosterone/analogs & derivatives/blood | Vitellogenins/genetics/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003\",\"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003"},"78","4","358-69","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D010575:Pesticides|D010750:Phosphoproteins|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|D014819:Vitellogenins|C090395:steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System|D004026:Dieldrin|C003600:11-ketotestosterone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16758953\",\"16758953\")","v":"16758953"},0,0,0,0,2006,"[Study on reproductive and developmental toxicity of the pregnant mice and their foetus co-administered by p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC].",0,0,"Liu GH, Chen L, Yang KD, Mo SX","Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research","[Study on reproductive and developmental toxicity of the pregnant mice and their foetus co-administered by p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC].    ABSTRACT:  To explore effects of p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC on reproduction and development in mice.The pregnant Kunming SPF mice of 12 to 14 days were co-administered by oral gavage for 3 days at different concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg bw of p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC. The concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in sera of the dosed mice were determined by the Serozyme kits (Bio-Ekon biotechnology Co., Beijing, China), following the procedures described by the manufacturer. RT-PCR was employed to detect abundant expression of alpha-estrogen receptor (alpha-ER) gonadtropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) mRNA in placentae.(1) Reproductive effects: with increase of the administered p,p'-DDE and P-BHC,the organ coefficient of uterus and its intraluminal fluid increased, the unterine nidation quantity decreased, the anogenital distance (AGD) and ratio of female to male raised, the concentration of estradiol and progesterone in sera of the dosed mice went up, and the abundant expression of alpha-ER and GnRH mRNA rised while beta-EP dropped in placentae in a dose-dependant manner. Significant difference of these indexes were found between the treat groups and control (P < 0.05). (2) Developmental effects: with increase of the administered p,p'-DDE and beta-BHC, the gained weights of pregnant mice reduced, organ coefficient of liver increased,the quantity of live foetus decreased, the times of adverse pregnancy outcome went up, and the percent of female foetus increased. They all presented a dose-effect relation and significance of difference (P < 0.05).p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC disrupt reproductive function, thereby result in dysreproduction and maldevelopment, and unbalance of ratio of female to male.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Receptors, Estrogen|Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Drug Synergism | Female | Fetus | Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/drug effects/metabolism | Hexachlorocyclohexane/majr/toxicity | Insecticides/toxicity | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Mice | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/physiopathology | Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects/metabolism | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"35","2","139-42","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16755259\",\"16755259\")","v":"16755259"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Semen quality and exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants.",0,0,"Toft G, Rignell-Hydbom A, Tyrkiel E, Shvets M, Giwercman A, Lindh CH, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Hagmar L, Spanó M, Manicardi GC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Thulstrup AM, Bonde JP","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","Semen quality and exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants.    ABSTRACT:  Inconsistent results have been found in previous human studies on male reproductive toxicity of persistent organochlorine pollutants. The majority of studies have been conducted among selected populations of infertility clients or among occupational cohorts including a limited number of participants.We conducted a cross-sectional study of semen quality and serum concentration of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) among 763 men. We included men from all regions in Greenland (n = 194), fishermen from Sweden (n = 185), inhabitants of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine (n = 195), and inhabitants of the city of Warsaw, Poland (n = 189). Blood samples were analyzed for CB-153 and p,p'-DDE using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and adjusted for serum lipids.Sperm concentration was not impaired with increasing serum CB-153 or p,p'-DDE levels in any of the separate groups or overall. Similarly, the proportion of morphologically normal sperm was not associated with either CB-153 or p,p'-DDE blood concentration. However, sperm motility was inversely related to CB-153 concentration in Greenland and the Swedish fishermen population. Across all 4 regions, the sperm motility decreased on average by 3.6% (95% confidence interval = 1.7% to 5.6%) per one-unit increase in the log of blood CB-153 (ng/g lipid). The concentration of p,p'-DDE was negatively associated with sperm motility in the Greenlandic population and in the compiled dataset.Adult exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants within the ranges observed in the present study is not likely to cause reduction in sperm concentration or morphology. However, higher exposure may be associated with impaired sperm motility.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Lipids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Greenland | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/adverse effects | Lipids/blood | Male | Poland | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Semen/majr/drug effects | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatozoa/cytology/drug effects | Sweden | Ukraine",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000221769.41028.d2\",\"10.1097/01.ede.0000221769.41028.d2\")","v":"10.1097/01.ede.0000221769.41028.d2"},"17","4","450-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D008055:Lipids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16725033\",\"16725033\")","v":"16725033"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Dioxin-like activities in serum across European and Inuit populations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1501006\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Long M, Andersen BS, Lindh CH, Hagmar L, Giwercman A, Manicardi GC, Bizzaro D, Spanò M, Toft G, Pedersen HS, Zvyezday V, Bonde JP, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC","Environmental health : a global access science source","Dioxin-like activities in serum across European and Inuit populations.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides can cause a series of adverse effects on e.g. reproduction in animals and humans, many of which involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The aim of the present study was to compare the integrated serum level of AhR mediated activity among European and Inuit populations, and evaluate whether the activity was associated to the selected POP markers, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE).The study included 338 males from Greenland (Inuit's), Sweden, Warsaw (Poland) and Kharkiv (Ukraine). The AhR transactivity of serum extracts alone (AhRag) and competitive AhR activity (AhRcomp) upon co-exposure with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were determined in the lipophilic serum fraction containing the POPs using the AhR mediated luciferase reporter Hepa1.12cR cell assay.The European groups showed higher median level of AhR-TEQ (TCDD toxic equivalents) compared to the Inuit's, whereas higher incidence of Inuits sample further induced AhRcomp activity. Neither AhRag nor AhR-TEQ were correlated to CB-153 or p,p'-DDE for any of the study groups. Multiple regressions showed a significant heterogeneity of association between the CB-153 and the AhRcomp across the study groups, and accordingly a negative association between AhRcomp and CB-153 was found for the Kharkiv group.No consistent correlation between AhR activities and two POP markers was found. Although the difference of AhRag between European and Inuit men could not be explained by CB-153 or p,p'-DDE levels alone, we believe that the variation of AhR serum activity reflects different pattern of POP exposure, genetics and/or life style factors.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Dioxins|Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Aged | Biomarkers/blood | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Dioxins/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/toxicity | Europe | Humans | Insecticides/blood | Inuits/majr | Male | Middle Aged | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/toxicity | Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/majr/blood/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-5-14\",\"10.1186/1476-069X-5-14\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069X-5-14"},"5","","14","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D004147:Dioxins|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16711053\",\"16711053\")","v":"16711053"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Interactive effects of prey and p,p'-DDE on burrowing owl population dynamics.",0,0,"Gervais JA, Hunter CM, Anthony RG","Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America","Interactive effects of prey and p,p'-DDE on burrowing owl population dynamics.    ABSTRACT:  We used population models to explore the effects of the organochlorine contaminant p,p'-DDE and fluctuations in vole availability on the population dynamics of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia). Previous work indicated an interaction between low biomass of voles in the diet and moderate levels of p,p'-DDE in Burrowing Owl eggs that led to reproductive impairment. We constructed periodic and stochastic matrix models that incorporated three vole population states observed in the field: average, peak, and crash years. We modeled varying frequencies of vole crash years and a range of impairment of owl demographic rates in vole crash years. Vole availability had a greater impact on owl population growth rate than did reproductive impairment if vole populations peaked and crashed frequently. However, this difference disappeared as the frequency of vole crash years declined to once per decade. Fecundity, the demographic rate most affected by p,p'-DDE, had less impact on population growth rate than adult or juvenile survival. A life table response experiment of time-invariant matrices for average, peak, and crash vole conditions showed that low population growth under vole crash conditions was due to low adult and juvenile survival rates, whereas the extremely high population growth under vole peak conditions was due to increased fecundity. Our results suggest that even simple models can provide useful insights into complex ecological interactions. This is particularly valuable when temporal or spatial scales preclude manipulative experimental work in the field or laboratory.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Arvicolinae/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Ecosystem | Female | Fertility/drug effects | Food Chain | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Models, Theoretical/majr | Population Dynamics | Population Growth | Risk Assessment | Strigiformes/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0666:ieopap]2.0.co;2\",\"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0666:ieopap]2.0.co;2\")","v":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0666:ieopap]2.0.co;2"},"16","2","666-77","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16707152\",\"16707152\")","v":"16707152"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p'-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1810567\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Garcia-Reyero N, Barber D, Gross T, Denslow N","Marine environmental research","Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p'-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass.    ABSTRACT:  In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p'-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|RNA, Messenger|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Dieldrin MeSH:  | Animals | Bass/majr/genetics/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dieldrin/majr/toxicity | Female | Gene Expression/majr/drug effects | Gene Expression Profiling/methods | Gonads/drug effects/enzymology | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Liver/drug effects/enzymology | Male | RNA, Messenger/analysis/biosynthesis | Sex Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049\",\"10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049\")","v":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.049"},"62 Suppl","Suppl","S415-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004026:Dieldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675426\",\"16675426\")","v":"16675426"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Impact of PCB and p,p'-DDE contaminants on human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio: studies in three European populations and the Inuit population in Greenland.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1459925\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Tiido T, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BA, Giwercman YL, Pedersen HS, Wojtyniak B, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Zvyezday V, Spano M, Manicardi GC, Bizzaro D, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Toft G, Bonde JP, Rylander L, Hagmar L, Giwercman A","Environmental health perspectives","Impact of PCB and p,p'-DDE contaminants on human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio: studies in three European populations and the Inuit population in Greenland.    ABSTRACT:  Recent studies indicate that persistent organohalogen pollutants (POPs) may contribute to sex ratio changes in offspring of exposed populations. Our aim in the present study was to investigate whether exposure to 2,2 ,4,4 ,5,5 -hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (p,p -DDE) affects sperm Y:X chromosome distribution.We obtained semen and blood for analysis of PCB-153 and p,p -DDE levels from 547 men from Sweden, Greenland, Poland (Warsaw), and Ukraine (Kharkiv), with regionally different levels of POP exposure. The proportion of Y- and X-chromosome-bearing sperm in the semen samples was determined by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.Swedish and Greenlandic men had on average significantly higher proportions of Y sperm (in both cohorts, 51.2%) and correspondingly higher lipid-adjusted concentrations of PCB-153 (260 ng/g and 350 ng/g, respectively) compared with men from Warsaw (50.3% and 22 ng/g) and Kharkiv (50.7% and 54 ng/g). In the Swedish cohort, log-transformed PCB-153 and log-transformed p,p -DDE variables were significantly positively associated with Y-chromosome fractions (p-values 0.04 and <0.001, respectively). On the contrary, in the Polish cohort PCB-153 correlated negatively with the proportion of Y-bearing fraction of spermatozoa (p=0.008).The present study indicates that POP exposure might be involved in changing the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing spermatozoa in human populations. Intercountry differences, with different exposure situations and doses, may contribute to varying Y:X chromosome ratios.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Chromosomes, Human, X/majr | Chromosomes, Human, Y/majr | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Europe | Greenland | Humans | Inuits/majr/genetics | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects/ultrastructure | Whites/majr/genetics",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8668\",\"10.1289/ehp.8668\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.8668"},"114","5","718-24","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16674832\",\"16674832\")","v":"16674832"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Xenoestrogenic activity in blood of European and Inuit populations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1481538\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Hjelmborg PS, Reinert TS, Andersen BS, Lesovoy V, Lindh CH, Hagmar L, Giwercman A, Erlandsen M, Manicardi GC, Spanò M, Toft G, Bonde JP","Environmental health : a global access science source","Xenoestrogenic activity in blood of European and Inuit populations.    ABSTRACT:  Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is ubiquitous and found in all individuals. Studies have documented endocrine disrupting effects and impact on reproduction. The aim of the present study was to compare the level of xenoestrogenic activity in serum of groups with varying POP exposure, and to evaluate correlations to the POP biomarkers, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE).The study included 358 men: Greenlandic Inuit's, Swedish fishermen, and Warsaw (Poland) and Kharkiv (Ukraine) inhabitants. Xenoestrogenicity of serum extracts alone (XER) and XER competitive (XERcomp) effect on 17beta-estradiol induced estrogen receptor (ER) transactivity were assessed in the hormone free, lipophilic serum fraction containing the POPs using the MVLN human breast cancer cell line.No agonistic XER activity was exhibited for Inuit serum samples, while 12 - 24% of the European samples had detectable agonistic XER activity. On the contrary, 71% of Inuit serum samples antagonized XERcomp compared to 7 - 30 % in the other regions. XER and XERcomp were not or weakly correlated to the two POP markers. XER activity of Inuit samples was negatively associated to levels of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE. For the Warsaw group a positive and negative correlation between XER and p,p'-DDE and estradiol equivalence level and CB-153 levels was found.No strong consistent association between xenoestrogenic net activity and the two POP markers was found. The results showed that the selected POP markers alone can not predict the integrated xenoestrogenic serum activity. Correlations to the POP markers were found at the extreme edge; the Inuit's and Warsaw study groups eliciting high frequency of samples with ER antagonistic and agonistic activity, respectively. We suggest that the variation in xenoestrogenic serum activity reflects differences in POP exposure mixture, genetic factors and/or life style factors.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Endocrine Disruptors|Environmental Pollutants|Estrogens|Insecticides|Receptors, Estrogen|Xenobiotics|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Aged | Biological Assay | Biomarkers/majr/blood | Breast Neoplasms/pathology | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Estradiol/physiology | Estrogens/blood/toxicity | Europe | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Inuits/majr | Male | Middle Aged | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects | Tumor Cells, Cultured | Whites | Xenobiotics/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-5-12\",\"10.1186/1476-069X-5-12\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069X-5-12"},"5","","12","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D004967:Estrogens|D007306:Insecticides|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|D015262:Xenobiotics|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16624883\",\"16624883\")","v":"16624883"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Meconium and neurotoxicants: searching for a prenatal exposure timing.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2083026\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Ortega García JA, Carrizo Gallardo D, Ferris i Tortajada J, García MM, Grimalt JO","Archives of disease in childhood","Meconium and neurotoxicants: searching for a prenatal exposure timing.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) has been a subject of interest in recent years, given their potential neurotoxicity. Meconium is easily available and accumulates neurotoxicants and/or metabolites from the 12th week of gestation.To determine whether neurotoxicants, specifically OCs, could be detected in serially collected meconium, and to compare the results with those obtained in cord blood samples.A sample of cord blood and three serial stool samples were analysed in 10 newborns. Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-HCH) were analysed by gas chromatography.From serial stool collection and analysis in newborns, there was an increase in the concentrations of HCB, p,p'-DDE, PCBs, and beta-HCH between the first and last stools of the newborn. Levels of DDT diminished as pregnancy progressed. Concentrations in cord blood were positively associated with concentrations in meconium for p,p'-DDE and beta-HCH.Meconium is a very useful instrument for the investigation of fetal exposure to neurotoxicants; serial collection and analysis of meconium should estimate the timing and degree of in utero exposure of the fetus to neurotoxicants. Analysis and interpretation of neurotoxicants in meconium results is a complex process. Measurement in meconium of a wide range of neurotoxic substances should facilitate early identification of harmful exposures, and enable rehabilitation and instigation of preventive measures.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hazardous Substances|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated MeSH:  | Adult | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/chemistry | Hazardous Substances/majr/analysis/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis/toxicity | Infant, Newborn | Meconium/majr/chemistry | Nervous System Diseases/majr/chemically induced | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.084129\",\"10.1136/adc.2005.084129\")","v":"10.1136/adc.2005.084129"},"91","8","642-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015386:Hazardous Substances|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606643\",\"16606643\")","v":"16606643"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Prenatal exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) in relation to child growth.",0,0,"Ribas-Fitó N, Gladen BC, Brock JW, Klebanoff MA, Longnecker MP","International journal of epidemiology","Prenatal exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) in relation to child growth.    ABSTRACT:  To examine the relation between prenatal 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure (a metabolite of the insecticide DDT) and child growth during the first 7 years of life. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants 1,712 children born between 1959 and 1966 with measured p,p'-DDE concentrations in their mother's serum samples from pregnancy. Setting Multicenter US Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP).The highest prenatal concentrations of p,p'-DDE (>or=60 microg/l), as compared with the lowest (<15 microg/l), were associated with decreased height at age 1 year [adjusted coefficient (SE) = -0.72 cm (0.37), n = 1,540], 4 years [-1.14 cm (0.56), n = 1,289], and 7 years [-2.19 (0.46), n = 1,371]. Among subjects in lower categories of exposure no association was observed.The findings suggest that high prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE decreases height in children. Impaired growth may be a general indicator of toxicity and suggests that specific organ systems (e.g. endocrine) could be affected.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | African Americans | Body Height/drug effects | Case-Control Studies | Child | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Growth/majr/drug effects | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Linear Models | Male | Maternal Exposure | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Prospective Studies | Sex Factors | Whites",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl067\",\"10.1093/ije/dyl067\")","v":"10.1093/ije/dyl067"},"35","4","853-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519141\",\"16519141\")","v":"16519141"},0,0,0,0,2006,"[Effects of p,p'-dDE on the expression of androgen-binding protein, transferrin and inhibin B mRNA in rat sertoli cells].",0,0,"Liu GH, Wang C, Liu HK, Yang KD","Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology","[Effects of p,p'-dDE on the expression of androgen-binding protein, transferrin and inhibin B mRNA in rat sertoli cells].    ABSTRACT:  To explore effects of p, p'DDE on the expression of androgen binding protein (ABP), transferrin (Tf) and inhibin B (INH B) mRNA in testis Sertoli cells of Sprague Dawley rats.A method has been set up to obtain a large number of viable Sertoli cells from SD rats of 18-20 days of age. With a series of concentration p,p'-DDE (10, 30, and 50 micromol/L) co-incubating the Sertoli cells in vitro, the expression of ABP, Tf and INH B mRNA were determined by RT-PCR.a) With increase of the incubated p, p'-DDE, the expression of ABP mRNA in Sertoli cells went up while that of Tf and INH B dropped in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0. 05). b) The correlation analysis among ABP, Tf and INH B showed that negative relationships were found between ABP and Tf or INH B, respectively (r = - 0. 391 3, P = 0. 032 5; r = - 0.235 2, P = 0.0158), and that positive correlation was indicated between Tf and INH B (r =0.4516, P =0.0047).p,p'-DDE is a reproductive toxicant which disrupts the transcription of ABP, Tf and INH B in rat Sertoli cells so as to result in reproductive dysfunction.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen-Binding Protein|RNA, Messenger|Transferrin|inhibin B|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Inhibins MeSH:  | Androgen-Binding Protein/majr/biosynthesis/genetics | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Inhibins/majr/biosynthesis/genetics | Male | RNA, Messenger/genetics | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Sertoli Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Transferrin/majr/biosynthesis/genetics",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"12","2","104-7, 111","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000727:Androgen-Binding Protein|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D014168:Transferrin|C422364:inhibin B|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D007265:Inhibins|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16466544\",\"16466544\")","v":"16466544"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Germ cell atypia in undescended testes hinges on the aetiology of cryptorchidism but not the abdominal location per se.",0,0,"Veeramachaneni DN","International journal of andrology","Germ cell atypia in undescended testes hinges on the aetiology of cryptorchidism but not the abdominal location per se.    ABSTRACT:  Testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS), which precedes germ cell tumours, has been associated with coexistence or a history of testicular maldescent in 20-30% of human cases. The objective of this study was to determine if the abdominal location of the testis by itself affects differentiation of germ cells and why only some undescended testes manifest atypical germ cells. Groups (n = 4-6) of pregnant Dutch-Belted rabbits were treated on alternate days between gestation days 15 and 30 with anti-androgenic chemicals -- p,p' 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE; 100 mg/kg bw; oral), or flutamide (50 mg/kg; s.c.); oestrogenic chemical octylphenol (150 mg/kg; oral); or nothing. Groups (n = 4) of neonatal male pups from untreated litters were either implanted with oestradiol (0.5 mg; 60-day release), surgically rendered cryptorchid before testes transcended inguinal canal, or left untreated. Of the pups exposed in utero, four of the 12 DDE, two of the nine flutamide and one of the four octylphenol pups were unilaterally cryptorchid. All animals treated with oestradiol were bilaterally cryptorchid. Light and electron microscopic evaluation at 24-26 weeks revealed presence of atypical germ cells in the undescended testes of DDE-, octylphenol-, and oestradiol-exposed animals but not in flutamide-treated or surgical cryptorchids. These atypical cells exhibited morphological hallmarks of CIS, which included large nuclei with irregular contours, meandering nucleoli, swollen mitochondria, unusual cytoplasmic inclusions and occasional mitotic figures. As transformation of germ cells to CIS-like cells did not occur in flutamide or surgical groups, this phenomenon seems to be directly associated with the type of the chemical assault but not with the abdominal location of the testis per se.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Phenols|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Flutamide|4-tert-octylphenol MeSH:  | Abdomen/majr/anatomy & histology | Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology | Animals | Carcinoma in Situ/pathology | Cryptorchidism/majr/embryology/etiology/pathology/surgery | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology | Estradiol/pharmacology | Female | Flutamide/pharmacology | Germ Cells/majr/pathology/ultrastructure | Male | Phenols/pharmacology | Pregnancy | Rabbits | Testicular Neoplasms/etiology/pathology | Testis/majr/abnormalities/embryology/ultrastructure",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00565.x\",\"10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00565.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00565.x"},"29","1","235-40","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D010636:Phenols|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D005485:Flutamide|C105260:4-tert-octylphenol|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400073\",\"16400073\")","v":"16400073"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Reduced seminal parameters associated with environmental DDT exposure and p,p'-DDE concentrations in men in Chiapas, Mexico: a cross-sectional study.",0,0,"De Jager C, Farias P, Barraza-Villarreal A, Avila MH, Ayotte P, Dewailly E, Dombrowski C, Rousseau F, Sanchez VD, Bailey JL","Journal of andrology","Reduced seminal parameters associated with environmental DDT exposure and p,p'-DDE concentrations in men in Chiapas, Mexico: a cross-sectional study.    ABSTRACT:  In response to mounting concerns about the endocrine-disrupting influence of environmental chemicals on human health, this epidemiological study was initiated to test the hypothesis that nonoccupational exposure to the estrogenic pesticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(chlorodiphenyl)ethane (DDT) affects male reproductive parameters. One hundred and sixteen men aged 27 years (SD = 8.2) living in malaria endemic-areas in Chiapas (Mexico), where DDT was sprayed until 2000, participated in a cross-sectional study. Semen analyses were conducted according to World Health Organization methods and a quality control program was followed. DDT exposure was defined as the level of blood plasma p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE), the major metabolite of DDT. The p,p'-DDE concentration adjusted for total lipids was 100 times higher than that reported for nonexposed populations at 45 plus or minus 32 mug/g (mean +/- SD). Crude regression analysis showed that several sperm motion parameters, including the percentage of motile sperm, decreased with higher p,p'-DDE concentrations (beta = -8.38; P = .05 for squared motility), and the percentage of sperm with morphological tail defects increased with higher plasma p,p'-DDE concentration (beta = 0.003; P = .017). Insufficient sperm chromatin condensation was observed in 46.6% of participants, and the most severe category of incomplete DNA condensation was also positively correlated with p,p'-DDE concentration (r = .223; P = .044). Therefore, nonoccupational exposure to DDT, as assessed by plasma p,p'-DDE concentrations, is associated with poorer semen parameters in men, indicating adverse effects on testicular function and/or the regulation of reproductive hormones. Previously, a causal role of environmental toxicants in human male infertility has been lacking because observed effects have been the result of unusually high exposures, either occupationally or as a result of industrial accidents, resulting in unprecedented controversy (reviewed by Cheek & McLachlan, Environmental hormones and the male reproductive system. J Androl. 1998;19:5). This is the first epidemiological study demonstrating effects after nonoccupational exposures to DDT. Based on these findings, the effect of DDT on male reproductive health should not be ignored.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Cross-Sectional Studies | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity | Environmental Exposure/majr | Humans | Male | Mexico | Semen/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.05121\",\"10.2164/jandrol.05121\")","v":"10.2164/jandrol.05121"},"27","1","16-27","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16399166\",\"16399166\")","v":"16399166"},0,0,0,0,2006,"p,p'-DDE fails to reduce the competitive reproductive fitness in Nigerian male guppies.",0,0,"Kristensen T, Baatrup E, Bayley M","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","p,p'-DDE fails to reduce the competitive reproductive fitness in Nigerian male guppies.    ABSTRACT:  The ecologically highly important effect of intermale competition is assessed here in a new approach to evaluating endocrine disruption at the population level. A guppy (Poecilia reticulata) male exposed to the antiandrogenic DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE competed against an unexposed male for the opportunity to fertilize a female. Offspring were then assigned to sires using microsatellites in genetic paternity analysis. In addition, a suite of male sexual characteristics including sperm count, coloration, and sexual behavior were also measured. p,p'-DDE produced no significant harmful effect on either the male sexual characteristics or the success in siring young, although the highest sublethal dose tested was only a factor 10 below the dose producing 100% mortality. At present, data on the antiandrogenic potency of p,p'-DDE are highly ambiguous. This study supports the increasing amount of evidence that the demasculinizing action of this chemical is often weak and highly variable across populations, even within the same species.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Microsatellite Repeats/genetics | Organ Size | Poecilia/majr/physiology | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects | Sperm Count | Testis/drug effects/growth & development",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.010\",\"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.010\")","v":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.010"},"63","1","148-57","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380112\",\"16380112\")","v":"16380112"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Effects of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene on the expressions of transferrin and androgen-binding protein in rat Sertoli cells.",0,0,"Xiong X, Wang A, Liu G, Liu H, Wang C, Xia T, Chen X, Yang K","Environmental research","Effects of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene on the expressions of transferrin and androgen-binding protein in rat Sertoli cells.    ABSTRACT:  The mechanisms of reproductive malfunction of male mammals caused by 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE, hereafter DDE) remain unknown. To explore the effects of DDE on the expressions of transferrin (Tf) and androgen-binding protein (ABP), we isolated Sertoli cells from healthy immature rats (18-20 days SD rats), set up Sertoli cell cultures, evaluated the toxicity, and measured the expression levels of mRNA of Tf and ABP genes by the one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method after cultured Sertoli cells were in vitro exposed to DDE at different concentrations for 24 h. The results showed that the number and survival rate of Sertoli cells decreased sharply with increased doses of DDE. The expression level of Tf mRNA decreased, whereas ABP mRNA increased gradually with increased DDE doses. There existed an obvious dose-effect relationship between the concentration of DDE and the expression levels of Tf mRNA and ABP mRNA. These findings suggest that DDE may inhibit the expression of Tf and up-modulate expression of ABP in cultured rat Sertoli cells.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen-Binding Protein|Insecticides|RNA, Messenger|Transferrin|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Androgen-Binding Protein/majr/genetics/metabolism | Animals | Base Sequence | Cells, Cultured | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Gene Expression Regulation/majr/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | RNA, Messenger/analysis | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Sertoli Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Transferrin/majr/genetics/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.003\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.003"},"101","3","334-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000727:Androgen-Binding Protein|D007306:Insecticides|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D014168:Transferrin|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371110\",\"16371110\")","v":"16371110"},0,0,0,0,2006,"In utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants in relation to testicular cancer risk.",0,0,"Hardell L, Bavel B, Lindström G, Eriksson M, Carlberg M","International journal of andrology","In utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants in relation to testicular cancer risk.    ABSTRACT:  Testicular cancer is the most common tumour type in young men. In Sweden the annual age-adjusted incidence increased significantly by 2.4% during the time period 1984-1993 and during 1994-2003 by 1.4%. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals during the foetal period has been postulated to be a risk factor. In this investigation we studied the concentrations of chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (pp'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordanes and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in 58 cases with testicular cancer and 61 age-matched controls. Furthermore, case and control mothers were also asked to participate and 44 case mothers and 45 control mothers agreed. No significant differences were found between cases and controls. Case mothers had in general higher concentrations of these chemicals. For the sum of PCBs an odds ratio (OR) = 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-10 was calculated using the median concentration for the controls as cut-off value. For HCB OR = 4.4, CI = 1.7-12 and for PBDE OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.02-6.0 were obtained, whereas OR was not significantly increased for pp'-DDE and sum of chlordanes. The cases were born during a period with high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans. The decline of the increasing incidence of testicular cancer during recent years may reflect decreasing body burden of certain POPs since the 1980s.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Organic Chemicals MeSH:  | Case-Control Studies | Confidence Intervals | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Humans | Incidence | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Odds Ratio | Organic Chemicals/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Regression Analysis | Retrospective Studies | Risk Factors | Testicular Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00622.x\",\"10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00622.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00622.x"},"29","1","228-34","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D009930:Organic Chemicals|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364051\",\"16364051\")","v":"16364051"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Effects of concurrent exposure to tributyltin and 1,1-dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on immature male Wistar rats.",0,0,"Makita Y, Omura M, Tanaka A, Kiyohara C","Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology","Effects of concurrent exposure to tributyltin and 1,1-dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on immature male Wistar rats.    ABSTRACT:  Tributyltin and 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) have been ubiquitously distributed over the world. In Japan, p,p'-DDE and tributyltin are ingested through marine products, in which these substances are accumulated through bio-concentration and the food chain. However, the consequence of potential combined hazards of these substances remains unknown. Therefore, the effects of concurrent exposure to 125 ppm p,p'-DDE and 25 ppm tributyltin were investigated in immature male Wistar rats by oral administration during puberty. In this study, tributyltin promoted the growth of pubertal male rats, while p,p'-DDE itself did not affect the growth but inhibited the growth enhancement by tributyltin. Furthermore, tributyltin reduced thymus weight but p,p'-DDE also prevented this weight reduction. Neither development of male sexual accessory organs nor sexual maturation was affected even by concurrent exposure to p,p'-DDE and tributyltin. No significant changes of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations, and epididymal sperm numbers were observed with the administration of p,p'-DDE and/or tributyltin. These results indicate that sexual maturation, male reproductive organ development and sperm production is scarcely affected in immature male Wistar rats even by concurrent exposure to p,p'-DDE and tributyltin at a daily dose of ca. 2 mg/kg tributyltin and 10 mg/kg p,p'-DDE. Moreover, the simultaneous administration of p,p'-DDE with tributyltin counterbalanced the effects that were attributed to tributyltin alone.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Trialkyltin Compounds|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|tributyltin MeSH:  | Animals | Body Weight/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Drug Antagonism | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Genitalia, Male/drug effects | Male | Organ Size/drug effects | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Sexual Maturation/drug effects | Thymus Gland/drug effects/growth & development | Trialkyltin Compounds/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_199.x\",\"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_199.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_199.x"},"97","6","364-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C011559:tributyltin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16360142\",\"16360142\")","v":"16360142"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Maternal contamination with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and reproductive outcomes in an Australian population.",0,0,"Khanjani N, Sim MR","Environmental research","Maternal contamination with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and reproductive outcomes in an Australian population.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organochlorine pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are lipophilic environmental pollutants which accumulate in the food chain. These chemicals have long half-lives and can be detected in human milk, serum, and some other tissues. These chemicals have recently been under scrutiny for their possible health hazards such as cancer and reproductive outcomes including low birth weight. The aim of our study was to investigate whether mothers with a higher contamination of pesticides were different from mothers with low contamination in relation to their offspring's birth outcomes such as birth weight, small for gestation age, prematurity, head circumference, sex ratio, and previous miscarriage or still birth. We used data collected as part of a cross-sectional study of organochlorines in breast milk. This study did not show any association between low birth weight or small for gestation age and organochlorine contamination when comparing the higher to the low exposure group. Weak, significant correlations (-0.1) were detected between low birth weight and contamination levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) only in female offspring. There was a decrease in the percentage of female offspring for all chemicals in the high-contamination group. The baby's head circumference increased as the mother's contamination increased but the adjusted difference in means was not significant. We did not see any association between either miscarriage or stillbirth in the mother's previous pregnancies or prematurity of the first live (recent) baby when comparing the higher to the low exposure mothers. The organochlorines DDT and DDE were not found to be associated with adverse birth outcomes in contaminated mothers in the range of contamination of our population (<7.5 mg/kg lipid in maternal milk), although there is weak evidence that sex ratio may be affected.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology | Birth Weight/drug effects | DDT/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Female | Food Chain | Food Contamination | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Premature | Infant, Small for Gestational Age | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Milk, Human/chemistry | Pesticide Residues/majr/analysis/metabolism | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome/majr | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Sex Factors | Sex Ratio | Victoria",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2005.10.003\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2005.10.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2005.10.003"},"101","3","373-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330365\",\"16330365\")","v":"16330365"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and asthma in children.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1314922\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Sunyer J, Torrent M, Muñoz-Ortiz L, Ribas-Fitó N, Carrizo D, Grimalt J, Antó JM, Cullinan P","Environmental health perspectives","Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and asthma in children.    ABSTRACT:  Prevalence of asthma increases with increasing dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) levels. However, the effect of early-life exposure, the fundamental window of exposure, is unknown. We assessed the association between prenatal DDE and other organochlorine compounds, and atopy and asthma during infancy. All women presenting for antenatal care in Menorca (Spain) over 12 months starting in mid-1997 were invited to take part in a longitudinal study; 482 children were subsequently enrolled, and 468 (97.1%) provided complete outcome data up to the fourth year of study. Prenatal exposure of organochlorine compounds was measured in cord serum in 405 (83%) children. Asthma was defined on the basis of wheezing at 4 years of age, persistent wheezing, or doctor-diagnosed asthma. We measured specific immunoglobulin-E (IgE) against house dust mite, cat, and grass in sera extracted at 4 years of age. DDE (median = 1.03 ng/mL) was detected in all children, as well as hexachlorobenzene (0.68 ng/mL) and polychlorobiphenyls (0.69 ng/mL). Wheezing at 4 years of age increased with DDE concentration, particularly at the highest quartile [9% in the lowest quartile (< 0.57 ng/mL) vs. 19% in the highest quartile (1.90 ng/mL); relative risk = 2.63 (95% confidence interval 1.19-4.69), adjusting for maternal asthma, breast-feeding, education, social class, or other organochlorines]. The association was not modified by IgE sensitization and occurred with the same strength among nonatopic subjects and among those with persistent wheezing or diagnosed asthma. DDE was not associated with atopy alone. Prenatal exposure to DDE residues may contribute to development of asthma.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Antigens|Immunoglobulin E|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Antigens/immunology | Asthma/majr/chemically induced/pathology | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Hexachlorobenzene/blood | Humans | Immunoglobulin E/blood | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Respiratory Sounds/majr/drug effects | Spain",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8127\",\"10.1289/ehp.8127\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.8127"},"113","12","1787-90","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000941:Antigens|D007073:Immunoglobulin E|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16243481\",\"16243481\")","v":"16243481"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Rapid action of pesticides on cytosolic calcium concentrations in cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.",0,0,"Younglai EV, Wu Y, Foster WG","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Rapid action of pesticides on cytosolic calcium concentrations in cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent metabolites of pesticides such as p,p'-DDE, at environmentally relevant concentrations, have been shown to have a rapid effect on intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i concentrations in human granulosa-lutein cells. Since endocrine disrupting substances can be transferred from the maternal circulation to the fetus the present study examined whether the pesticides, kepone, o,p-DDE, p,p'-DDE and methoxychlor, could alter cytoplasmic calcium [Ca2+]cyt concentrations in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells. Cultured HUVE cells were loaded with Fura-2 AM and changes in [Ca2+]cyt of single cells were studied using a dynamic digital Ca2+ imaging system. Kepone and methoxychlor consistently increased [Ca2+]cyt concentrations, similar to the effects of estradiol and progesterone. p,p'-DDE increased [Ca2+]cyt concentrations in 80% of experiments whereas o,p-DDE stimulated its increases in 42%. Estrone, estriol, pregnenolone and cortisol were not effective. These results demonstrate that pesticides can have a rapid effect on HUVE cells probably through a nongenomic mechanism of action.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chelating Agents|Enzyme Inhibitors|Estrogen Antagonists|Pesticides|Fulvestrant|Progesterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Egtazic Acid|Thapsigargin|Pertussis Toxin|Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases|Chlordecone|Calcium MeSH:  | Calcium/majr/analysis/metabolism | Cells, Cultured | Chelating Agents | Chlordecone/toxicity | Cytosol/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Egtazic Acid | Endothelial Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology | Estradiol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology | Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology | Fulvestrant | Humans | Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Progesterone/pharmacology | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/metabolism | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism | Thapsigargin/pharmacology | Time Factors | Umbilical Veins",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.09.006\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.09.006\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.09.006"},"21","3","271-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002614:Chelating Agents|D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors|D004965:Estrogen Antagonists|D010575:Pesticides|D000077267:Fulvestrant|D011374:Progesterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D004533:Egtazic Acid|D019284:Thapsigargin|D037342:Pertussis Toxin|D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases|D007631:Chlordecone|D002118:Calcium|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16215698\",\"16215698\")","v":"16215698"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Fluctuating asymmetry and growth as biomarkers for exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals in Japanese quail.",0,0,"Quinn MJ, Burrell K, Ottinger MA","Ecotoxicology (London, England)","Fluctuating asymmetry and growth as biomarkers for exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals in Japanese quail.    ABSTRACT:  The effects of embryonic exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals (ADCs) on growth and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) were determined in Japanese quail chicks. Embryos were exposed to an anti-androgenic chemical, 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDE) at 20 or 40 microg, or to an androgenic chemical, trenbolone acetate, at 5 or 50 microg on day one of incubation. Growth was measured by body weight and tarsus and culmen lengths from day of hatch until day 29. FA was measured as differences in right versus left lengths of the tarsus, radius, zygomatic process, and premaxilla in day old carcasses. No differences in FA were observed for either treatment. Embryonic exposure to DDE resulted in no significant differences in all measures of growth, although the same quail exhibited significant differences in immunological, reproductive, and behavioral measurements (reported elsewhere). Chicks exposed to trenbolone exhibited no differences in body weight or measures of FA at day of hatch, however, subsequent growth was inhibited. This study shows that although growth and FA are often used as measures of chemical stress experienced during embryonic development, they are not sensitive measures for exposure to these ADCs at these levels in Japanese quail.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Endocrine Disruptors|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Trenbolone Acetate MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Animals | Coturnix/majr/growth & development | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Morphogenesis/majr/drug effects | Skeleton | Trenbolone Acetate/majr/analogs & derivatives/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-005-0013-9\",\"10.1007/s10646-005-0013-9\")","v":"10.1007/s10646-005-0013-9"},"14","6","637-43","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D014204:Trenbolone Acetate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16214928\",\"16214928\")","v":"16214928"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Body mass index and serum 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane in nulliparous Chinese women.",0,0,"Perry MJ, Ouyang F, Korrick S, Venners SA, Altshul L, Xu X, Wang X","Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","Body mass index and serum 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane in nulliparous Chinese women.    ABSTRACT:  Basic health indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), have been associated with serum 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane/1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDT/DDE) levels; however, both positive and inverse associations of BMI with serum DDT/DDE have been reported. Given the association of BMI with a number of outcomes, it may confound studies of DDT/DDE-associated health effects. We investigated the relationship of BMI with serum DDT/DDE accounting for other determinants of exposure among women with relatively recent environmental exposures to DDT.Serum DDT/DDE was analyzed in 466 nonsmoking, nulliparous women recruited from Anhui province in China between 1996 and 1998 as part of a reproductive health study of textile workers. The women in the sample were born between 1963 and 1977, 8 to 21 years before China's 1984 DDT ban. We used multivariate linear regression to investigate associations of BMI, age, and birth year with serum DDT/DDE.Mean (SD) serum total DDT concentration was 32 ng/g (17.8 ng/g). Birth year showed an inverse relationship with serum DDT independent of age. Despite limited variability in BMI, there was a consistent inverse relationship between BMI and serum DDT. Specifically, each kg/m(2) increase in BMI was associated with a -1.34 ng/g (95% confidence interval, -2.12 to -0.56 ng/g) decrease in serum total DDT.There were high total DDT levels in this sample of nulliparous Chinese women relative to Western populations, birth year was more strongly associated with serum DDT than age, and BMI was inversely related to serum DDT in this study.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Body Mass Index | China | DDT/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Humans | Parity/drug effects | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0174\",\"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0174\")","v":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0174"},"14","10","2433-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16125883\",\"16125883\")","v":"16125883"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Androgen receptor activities of p,p'-DDE, fenvalerate and phoxim detected by androgen receptor reporter gene assay.",0,0,"Xu LC, Sun H, Chen JF, Bian Q, Song L, Wang XR","Toxicology letters","Androgen receptor activities of p,p'-DDE, fenvalerate and phoxim detected by androgen receptor reporter gene assay.    ABSTRACT:  In this study, we have developed a transient human androgen receptor (hAR) reporter gene assay using African monkey kidney cell line CV-1. The assay displayed appropriate response to the known androgen receptor (AR) agonist 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and AR antagonist nilutamide. DHT induced AR-mediated transcriptional activity in a concentration-dependent manner with median effective concentration (EC(50)) value of 3.90 x 10(-10) M. Nilutamide exhibited potent antiandrogenic activity with median inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) value of 8.90 x 10(-7) M. The transcription could not be activated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist dexamethasone, which suggested that the assay system be highly specific to androgenic compounds without cross-talk to GR agonist. The assay shows acceptable repeatability to DHT with intra coefficient of variability (CV) of 9.3% and inter CV of 10.9%. We applied this assay to evaluate the androgenic and antiandrogenic activities of some pesticides including organochlorine p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), pyrethroid fenvalerate and organophosphorus phoxim. The results showed that p,p'-DDE exhibited potent antiandrogenic activity. Fenvalerate acted as weak AR antagonist and phoxim did not show AR antagonistic activity. We failed to find AR agonistic effects of the three pesticides. The present study provided a promising tool to screen for AR agonists and antagonists.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: AR protein, human|Androgen Antagonists|Androgen Receptor Antagonists|Androgens|Imidazolidines|Insecticides|Nitriles|Organothiophosphorus Compounds|Pyrethrins|Receptors, Androgen|Dihydrotestosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|nilutamide|phoxim|Dexamethasone|fenvalerate MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology | Androgen Receptor Antagonists | Androgens/pharmacology | Animals | Biological Assay/methods | Cell Line | Cercopithecus | Dexamethasone/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dihydrotestosterone/pharmacology | Genes, Reporter/majr | Humans | Imidazolidines/pharmacology | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics | Mice | Nitriles/majr/toxicity | Organothiophosphorus Compounds/majr/toxicity | Plasmids | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Receptors, Androgen/majr/genetics/metabolism | Transfection",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.016\",\"10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.016\")","v":"10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.016"},"160","2","151-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","C410798:AR protein, human|D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists|D000728:Androgens|D048289:Imidazolidines|D007306:Insecticides|D009570:Nitriles|D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds|D011722:Pyrethrins|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D013196:Dihydrotestosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C021277:nilutamide|C003135:phoxim|D003907:Dexamethasone|C017690:fenvalerate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16120698\",\"16120698\")","v":"16120698"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Association of DDT and DDE with birth weight and length of gestation in the Child Health and Development Studies, 1959-1967.",0,0,"Farhang L, Weintraub JM, Petreas M, Eskenazi B, Bhatia R","American journal of epidemiology","Association of DDT and DDE with birth weight and length of gestation in the Child Health and Development Studies, 1959-1967.    ABSTRACT:  The pesticide p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its persistent metabolite p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are associated with negative reproductive outcomes in animals. In humans, however, the findings are inconsistent. Using data from the Child Health and Development Studies, a longitudinal study of 20,754 pregnancies among San Francisco Bay Area women from 1959 to 1967, the authors examined the effects of maternal serum DDT and DDE concentrations on preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, birth weight, and gestational age in 420 male subjects. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression for preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth and linear regression for birth weight and gestational age. Median serum concentrations of DDE were 43 mug/liter (interquartile range: 32-57; range: 7-153) and of DDT were 11 mug/liter (interquartile range: 8-16; range: 3-72), several times higher than current US concentrations. The adjusted odds ratio for preterm birth was 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73, 2.23) for DDE and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.78) for DDT. For small-for-gestational-age birth, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.26) for DDE and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.27) for DDT; none of the study results achieved statistical significance. Given the persistence of DDT in the environment and its continuing role in malaria control, studies using more robust data should continue to assess this relation.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Biomarkers/blood | Birth Weight/majr/drug effects | Child Development/majr/drug effects | DDT/majr/adverse effects/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Gestational Age/majr | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Population Surveillance | Pregnancy | Premature Birth/blood/etiology | Regression Analysis | Retrospective Studies | Risk Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi276\",\"10.1093/aje/kwi276\")","v":"10.1093/aje/kwi276"},"162","8","717-25","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16115291\",\"16115291\")","v":"16115291"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Maternal concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and initiation and duration of breast feeding.",0,0,"Karmaus W, Davis S, Fussman C, Brooks K","Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","Maternal concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and initiation and duration of breast feeding.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) has been shown to reduce the duration of breast feeding in two studies. In addition to duration, we examined whether DDE lowers the initiation of breast feeding. Between 1973 and 1991, the Michigan Department of Community Health conducted three surveys to assess polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDE serum concentrations in Michigan anglers. Through telephone interviews with parents, we retrospectively ascertained information on breast feeding. Based on repeated maternal serum measurements between 1973 and 1991, we arrived at the level of exposure at the time of delivery by extrapolating PCB and DDE serum levels. One mother may have contributed more than one child; however, serum concentrations varied between children from the same mother. The maternal DDE and PCB serum concentrations were categorised as follows: 0 to <5 microg/L, 5 to <10 microg/L, >or=10 microg/L. Repeated measurement models and survival analyses were used to determine the relationship between DDE and PCBs and characteristics of breast feeding while controlling for cohort effects, maternal age at delivery, education, and smoking during pregnancy. We focused on 176 pregnancies of 91 mothers who had maternal exposure information and gave birth between 1969 and 1995. Initiation of breast feeding was lowered by 39.5% and duration shortened by 66.4% in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. In children of non-smoking mothers, the incidence ratio for breast-feeding initiation was 0.45 [95% CI 0.15, 0.94] and 0.42 [95% CI 0.10, 1.03] when maternal DDE concentrations were 5 to <10 microg/L and >or=10 microg/L respectively, compared with the lowest DDE exposure group. In these offspring (of non-smoking mothers), breast-feeding duration was shorter when DDE concentrations were higher: 13 weeks for >or=10 microg/L DDE, compared with 21.7 weeks for lower DDE. We did not detect any association between PCBs and breast feeding. In the absence of the distorting effects of maternal smoking, DDE exposure may decrease initiation and duration of breast feeding.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Breast Feeding/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Fathers | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/blood | Lactation | Male | Middle Aged | Mothers | Multivariate Analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications | Retrospective Studies | Smoking/adverse effects | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00658.x\",\"10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00658.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00658.x"},"19","5","388-98","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16112671\",\"16112671\")","v":"16112671"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Developmental alterations as a result of in ovo exposure to the pesticide metabolite p,p'-DDE in Alligator mississippiensis.",0,0,"Milnes MR, Bryan TA, Medina JG, Gunderson MP, Guillette LJ","General and comparative endocrinology","Developmental alterations as a result of in ovo exposure to the pesticide metabolite p,p'-DDE in Alligator mississippiensis.    ABSTRACT:  The pesticide metabolite p,p'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene), has been implicated in numerous reproductive and developmental abnormalities. Previous work has shown this ubiquitous contaminant to behave in an estrogenic or antiandrogenic manner, depending on the species and endpoints examined. In the current study, we examined the effects of embryonic exposure to p,p'-DDE in the alligator, a species that exhibits temperature-dependent sex determination. We compared sex ratios at an intermediate and all male producing temperature, as well as plasma testosterone (T) and gonad aromatase activity relative to untreated controls and in ovo estradiol-17beta (E(2))-treated neonates that served as positive estrogenic controls. We also compared oviductal epithelial cell height (ECH) and phallus size-estrogen and androgen responsive tissue, respectively. A female biased sex ratio was observed among hatchlings exposed to p,p'-DDE at 100 parts per billion (ppb) wet egg mass at the intermediate incubation temperature. No effect on sex determination was observed for p,p'-DDE at the all male producing temperature. Significant influence on sex determination was observed for E(2) at 100 and 0.1 ppb at the intermediate temperature and 100 ppb at the all male producing temperature. Both p,p'-DDE and E(2) failed to influence plasma T, gonadal aromatase activity, oviductal ECH, and phallus morphology at the concentrations used. Our data show that gonadal differentiation is highly sensitive to chemical perturbation relative to the other endpoints examined, and that the response to the interaction of dose and temperature should be taken into account in similar studies.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Aromatase MeSH:  | Alligators and Crocodiles/majr/embryology/growth & development | Animals | Aromatase/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Male | Ovary/drug effects/embryology | Oviducts/anatomy & histology/drug effects | Ovum/majr/drug effects | Penis/anatomy & histology/drug effects | Sex Determination Processes | Testis/drug effects/embryology | Testosterone/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.06.013\",\"10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.06.013\")","v":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.06.013"},"144","3","257-63","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001141:Aromatase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16077170\",\"16077170\")","v":"16077170"},0,0,0,0,2005,"DDE-induced changes in aromatase activity in endometrial stromal cells in culture.",0,0,"Holloway AC, Stys KA, Foster WG","Endocrine","DDE-induced changes in aromatase activity in endometrial stromal cells in culture.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental toxicants are thought to play a role in several estrogen-dependent diseases including breast cancer and endometriosis. Toxicant-induced increased aromatase activity, an enzyme complex that catalyzes the final rate-limiting step in the conversion of androgens to estrogens, has been reported in assays using placental microsomes and cancer cells in vitro. These data suggest that environmental toxicants can increase aromatase activity and thus increase local tissue estrogen levels, which could have implications for estrogen- dependent functions in target tissues. The objective of this study was therefore to quantify the effect of the stable breakdown product of DDT, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), a toxicant broadly detected in human adipose tissue, serum and follicular fluid, on aromatase activity in the endometrium, an estrogen-sensitive target tissue. Specifically, the effect of increasing log concentrations of p,p'-DDE on aromatase activity was determined in cultures of endometrial stromal cells (ESC). Relative to controls p,p'-DDE treatment significantly increased aromatase activity in ESC (135%). Moreover, ESC cells treated with p,p'-DDE were immunopositive for aromatase, whereas no aromatase staining could be demonstrated in control cultures. Our data demonstrate that p,p'-DDE treatment can increase aromatase activity in ESC in culture.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Trichothecenes|Vimentin|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Keratins|Aromatase|deoxynivalenol|Dinoprostone MeSH:  | Adult | Aromatase/majr/biosynthesis/metabolism | Cells, Cultured | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dinoprostone/pharmacology | Endometrium/majr/cytology/drug effects/enzymology | Environmental Pollutants/toxicity | Female | Humans | Immunohistochemistry | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Keratins/metabolism | Stromal Cells/majr/drug effects/enzymology | Trichothecenes/pharmacology | Vimentin/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:27:1:045\",\"10.1385/ENDO:27:1:045\")","v":"10.1385/ENDO:27:1:045"},"27","1","45-50","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D014255:Trichothecenes|D014746:Vimentin|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D007633:Keratins|D001141:Aromatase|C007262:deoxynivalenol|D015232:Dinoprostone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998603\",\"15998603\")","v":"15998603"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Detection of prenatal exposure to several classes of environmental toxicants and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in maternal and umbilical cord blood.",0,0,"Corrion ML, Ostrea EM, Bielawski DM, Posecion NC, Seagraves JJ","Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences","Detection of prenatal exposure to several classes of environmental toxicants and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in maternal and umbilical cord blood.    ABSTRACT:  We developed a sensitive method to detect several classes of pesticides and their metabolites in maternal and cord whole blood using electron-impact gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method can detect parent and metabolite compounds at levels of <0.10 and 0.20mug/mL, respectively, with high accuracy and recovery. Analysis of blood from mother-infant dyads from an area of high pesticide use in the Philippines showed detectable levels of propoxur, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) in maternal and umbilical cord blood. GC-MS analysis of several classes of parent pesticides and their metabolites in maternal and cord blood provides a sensitive and specific method to detect pesticide exposure during pregnancy.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzoates|Environmental Pollutants|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|3-phenoxybenzoic acid|Propoxur MeSH:  | Benzoates/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/blood | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/chemistry | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods | Humans | Pesticides/majr/blood | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Propoxur/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.007\",\"10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.007"},"822","1-2","221-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001565:Benzoates|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid|D001074:Propoxur|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998506\",\"15998506\")","v":"15998506"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproductive endocrine function in birds: establishing reliable end points of exposure.",1,0,"Ottinger MA, Quinn MJ, Lavoie E, Abdelnabi MA, Thompson N, Hazelton JL, Wu JM, Beavers J, Jaber M","Domestic animal endocrinology","Consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproductive endocrine function in birds: establishing reliable end points of exposure.    ABSTRACT:  It has been difficult to establish reliable indices of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) appropriate for a variety of avian species because of a vast array of reproductive strategies. Data from mammals, reptiles and fish provide insight on likely mechanisms of action for EDCs. However, many of the effects of EDCs are weaker than the actions of the native hormones, making it difficult to assess adverse effects in domestic and wild birds. It is clear that differential sensitivity to EDCs exists across species, due to the timing and mode of exposure, compound toxicity and age of the individual. Our studies on EDCs are conducted in the quail model system, with focus on reproductive endocrine, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. Studies have included EDC exposure, either by egg injection or via diet. Results from egg injection studies showed the following: (1) estradiol administered by embryonic day 12 demasculinized male sexual behavior, altered hypothalamic neurotransmitters and reduced hen day production and fertility in a dose dependent fashion, (2) methoxychlor (MXC) or vinclozolin impaired male sexual behavior in adult quail and (3) DDE exposure impaired reproductive and immune related end points. Two-generation studies were conducted on Japanese and northern bobwhite quail with dietary methoxychlor (MXC) exposure (0, 5 and 10 ppm) beginning in adults (P1), continuing in their offspring (F1), with F2 offspring raised on control diet. MXC exposure impaired male sexual behavior, hypothalamic catecholamines and plasma steroid hormones. Moreover, MXC exposure had reproductive consequences observable at both the lower and higher doses of MXC in F1 and F2 generations. These data demonstrate that embryonic EDC exposure interferes with sexual differentiation of neural systems that direct reproduction.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgens|Estrogens|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Methoxychlor MeSH:  | Androgens/majr/toxicity | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | Coturnix/physiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects | Endocrine Glands/majr/drug effects | Environmental Exposure/majr | Estrogens/majr/toxicity | Insecticides/toxicity | Methoxychlor/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.038\",\"10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.038\")","v":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.038"},"29","2","411-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000728:Androgens|D004967:Estrogens|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D008731:Methoxychlor|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15964612\",\"15964612\")","v":"15964612"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L260) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L260),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L260) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L260),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L260) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L260),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B260:D260)","v":0},2006,"Plasma levels of DDT and their association with reproductive hormones in adult men from northern Thailand.",0,0,"Asawasinsopon R, Prapamontol T, Prakobvitayakit O, Vaneesorn Y, Mangklabruks A, Hock B","The Science of the total environment","Plasma levels of DDT and their association with reproductive hormones in adult men from northern Thailand.    ABSTRACT:  Historically, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was used in northern Thailand for malaria control and farming purposes. Several studies have investigated its effects on end points of adverse reproductive health outcomes. However, the few previous studies investigated hormonal effects in men and available data are inconclusive. The authors aimed to explore the main hypothesis that plasma DDT levels in adult men were associated with reproductive hormone levels. A cross-sectional study was performed of 97 adult men living in a highland village named Mae Sa Mai, 35 km north of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Venous blood samples were collected for measuring plasma levels of DDT and its metabolites and reproductive hormones, including 17beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) were detected in all plasma samples. p,p'-DDE had the highest level with a median of 4057.7 ng/g lipids and a relatively higher level compared with most other studies. Plasma p,p'-DDT levels were positively associated with years of residence (beta+SE=0.472+0.208, P=0.028) and years of DDT usage for farming (beta+SE=0.177+0.084, P=0.04). The remarkable findings were the negative association of plasma E2 levels with plasma p,p'-DDE levels (beta+SE=-7.093+2.899, P=0.016) and the positive association with plasma 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophynyl)ethylene (o,p'-DDE) levels (beta+SE=16.381+5.596, P=0.008) after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). However, these associations were rather weak. Our results suggest that these associations may reflect their different mechanisms of hormonal activities and they would be warrant further detail investigations.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hormones|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Agriculture | DDT/majr/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Environmental Monitoring | Epidemiological Monitoring | Hormones/majr/blood | Humans | Insecticides/majr/blood | Male | Middle Aged | Occupational Exposure | Thailand/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.004\",\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.004\")","v":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.004"},"355","1-3","98-105","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006728:Hormones|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15907656\",\"15907656\")","v":"15907656"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Comparative study of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in blood and semen of two young male populations: lack of relationship to infertility, but evidence of high exposure of the mothers.",0,0,"Charlier CJ, Foidart JM","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Comparative study of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in blood and semen of two young male populations: lack of relationship to infertility, but evidence of high exposure of the mothers.    ABSTRACT:  The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible effect of an environmental organochlorine, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), on male fertility assessed by main sperm variables, conducted through a case-control study on young men attending the andrology laboratory in the context of infertility investigation in the couple. Blood and semen samples were obtained from 73 young men considered as fertile based on semen analysis (controls) and 82 classified as subfertile or unfertile (cases). Standard clinical analysis of semen was performed and identification and quantification of p,p'-DDE in serum and in seminal plasma were done by gas chromatography. No p,p'-DDE was detected in the seminal plasma of either group. Blood concentration of p,p'-DDE in both groups was very low and did not differ between cases and controls; however, blood samples were obtained from 23 mothers in the control group, and from 19 in the case group, and p,p'-DDE serum level was significantly higher in the mothers of subfertile men. These data suggest that male infertility could be associated with exposure of the mothers to p,p'-DDE with deleterious effects restricted to intra-uterine life and thus undetected in blood or seminal plasma of subfertile men.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Humans | Infertility, Male/etiology | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Semen/majr/chemistry | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility | Spermatozoa/pathology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.03.007\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.03.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.03.007"},"20","2","215-20","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901091\",\"15901091\")","v":"15901091"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Contaminant loads and hematological correlates in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) of San Francisco Bay, California.",0,0,"Neale JC, Gulland FM, Schmelzer KR, Harvey JT, Berg EA, Allen SG, Greig DJ, Grigg EK, Tjeerdema RS","Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A","Contaminant loads and hematological correlates in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) of San Francisco Bay, California.    ABSTRACT:  An expanding body of research indicates that exposure to contaminants may impact marine mammal health, thus possibly contributing to population declines. The harbor seal population of the San Francisco Bay (SFB), California, has suffered habitat loss and degradation, including decades of environmental contamination. To explore the possibility of contaminant-induced health alterations in this population, blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were quantified in free-ranging seals; relationships between contaminant exposure and several key hematological parameters were examined; and PCB levels in the present study were compared with levels determined in SFB seals a decade earlier. PCB residues in harbor seal blood decreased during the past decade, but remained at levels great enough that adverse reproductive and immunological effects might be expected. Main results included a positive association between leukocyte counts and PBDEs, PCBs, and DDE in seals, and an inverse relationship between red blood cell count and PBDEs. Although not necessarily pathologic, these responses may serve as sentinel indications of contaminant-induced alterations in harbor seals of SFB, which, in individuals with relatively high contaminant burdens, might include increased rates of infection and anemia.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Polybrominated Biphenyls|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Female | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Insecticides/majr/blood | Male | Phoca/majr/blood | Polybrominated Biphenyls/majr/blood | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood | San Francisco | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390590921748\",\"10.1080/15287390590921748\")","v":"10.1080/15287390590921748"},"68","8","617-33","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15885261\",\"15885261\")","v":"15885261"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Functional genomics may allow accurate categorization of the benzimidazole fungicide benomyl: lack of ability to act via steroid-receptor-mediated mechanisms.",0,0,"Yamada T, Sumida K, Saito K, Ueda S, Yabushita S, Sukata T, Kawamura S, Okuno Y, Seki T","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","Functional genomics may allow accurate categorization of the benzimidazole fungicide benomyl: lack of ability to act via steroid-receptor-mediated mechanisms.    ABSTRACT:  Although benomyl and its metabolite carbendazim have been shown to adversely affect male reproduction, the mechanisms of action do not appear to involve the endocrine system. However, few studies have been conducted using currently proposed tests specifically focused on endocrine disruption. Here, potential estrogen- and androgen-mediated activity of benomyl was therefore investigated in vitro and in vivo. Benomyl and carbendazim proved negative for agonistic and antagonistic activity in reporter gene assays for the human estrogen receptor alpha and androgen receptor. In uterotrophic and Hershberger assays using Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats, benomyl (100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg/day, p.o., N = 6) did not exert agonistic effects. However, the highest dose decreased uterine weights in the uterotrophic assay, and decreased weights of some androgen-related tissues of castrated rats receiving a testosterone propionate (TP, 0.2 mg/kg) injection in the Hershberger assay; the effects were less severe than those with p,p'-DDE (100 mg/kg/day). When 4 mg/kg/day of TP was injected, decrease of organ weights due to benomyl was attenuated but still observed. Thus, its influence in some tissues was more potent than that of p,p'-DDE. Benomyl had no apparent effects on serum androgen levels. Microarray analysis of the gene expression profile in the ventral prostate of TP-injected castrated rats treated with benomyl indicated clear differences from the patterns observed with p,p'-DDE and flutamide. Taken together, these findings suggest the decreased organ weights observed in vivo to be caused by mechanisms that are not steroid-receptor-mediated, such as interfering with assembly of microtubules by benomyl. The study furthermore suggests that functional genomics may provide a reliable evidence for accurate categorization of test chemicals.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzimidazoles|Carbamates|Estrogen Receptor alpha|Fungicides, Industrial|Receptors, Androgen|Ethinyl Estradiol|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide|Luciferases|carbendazim|Benomyl|Testosterone Propionate MeSH:  | Administration, Oral | Animals | Benomyl/majr/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology | Benzimidazoles/metabolism/pharmacology | Biological Assay/methods/trends | Carbamates/metabolism/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Down-Regulation/drug effects/genetics | Estrogen Receptor alpha/majr/drug effects/physiology | Ethinyl Estradiol/pharmacology | Female | Flutamide/pharmacology | Fungicides, Industrial/majr/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology | Gene Expression/drug effects/genetics | Gene Expression Profiling/methods/trends | Genes, Reporter/drug effects/genetics | Genomics/majr/methods | HeLa Cells | Humans | Luciferases/metabolism/pharmacology | Male | Microtubules/drug effects/physiology | Orchiectomy | Organ Size/drug effects | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Receptors, Androgen/majr/drug effects/physiology | Testosterone Propionate/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology | Uterus/drug effects/growth & development",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.09.002\",\"10.1016/j.taap.2004.09.002\")","v":"10.1016/j.taap.2004.09.002"},"205","1","11-30","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001562:Benzimidazoles|D002219:Carbamates|D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha|D005659:Fungicides, Industrial|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|D008156:Luciferases|C006698:carbendazim|D001542:Benomyl|D043343:Testosterone Propionate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15853928\",\"15853928\")","v":"15853928"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Effects of perinatal combined exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene on rat male offspring.",0,0,"Makita Y","Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology","Effects of perinatal combined exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene on rat male offspring.    ABSTRACT:  1,4-Dichlorobenzene (DCB) is used as an air deodorant or a moth repellent and 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) is a persistent metabolite of 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) which was used as a pesticide before. DCB concentrations of residential air and oral p,p'-DDE intake through marine products are demonstrated to be very high in Japan and consequently, foetuses and neonates may be exposed much more to DCB and/or p,p'-DDE via the maternal body. It has recently been reported that DCB is oestrogenic and that p,p'-DDE is antiandrogenic. Therefore, the combined effects of perinatal exposure to DCB and p,p'-DDE have been investigated in rat male offspring of dams ingesting these contaminants during the perinatal period from gestational day 1 to postpartum day 21 for 42 days. In this study, no obvious developmental effects on male offspring have been recognized until 6 weeks of age, following oral administration of 25 ppm DCB (approximately 2 mg/kg) and/or 125 ppm p,p'-DDE (approximately 10 mg/kg) to dams. In contrast to female offspring, the thymus weight in male offspring was not affected by DCB at 6 weeks of age, but there might be sexual differences concerning the effects of DCB on the thymus.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chlorobenzenes|Environmental Pollutants|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Luteinizing Hormone|Follicle Stimulating Hormone|4-dichlorobenzene MeSH:  | Administration, Oral | Animals | Body Weight/drug effects | Chlorobenzenes/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Drug Synergism | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood | Luteinizing Hormone/blood | Male | Organ Size/drug effects | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Testosterone/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_04.x\",\"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_04.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_04.x"},"96","5","361-5","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002722:Chlorobenzenes|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D007986:Luteinizing Hormone|D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone|C018511:4-dichlorobenzene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15809119\",\"15809119\")","v":"15809119"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Relationships between ecological variables and four organochlorine pollutants in an artic glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) population.",0,0,"Bustnes JO, Miland O, Fjeld M, Erikstad KE, Skaare JU","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Relationships between ecological variables and four organochlorine pollutants in an artic glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) population.    ABSTRACT:  The Arctic has become a sink for organochlorine contaminants (OCs) from lower latitudes, and relatively high levels have been found in different biota. Recent studies of the glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus, a top predator in the arctic food web, have documented that high blood residues of various OCs are related to lower reproductive performance and reduced adult survival. Here we provide additional evidence that OCs are having ecological effects in the glaucous gull population at Bear Island in the Norwegian Arctic, and compare the effects of the four major OCs found in the glaucous gulls: HCB, oxychlordane, DDE and PCBs, which made up >95% of measured OCs. Firstly; it has previously been shown that gulls with high levels of PCBs in their blood spent more time away from the nest site during incubation than gulls with low levels. Here we reanalyzed the data and found that PCBs (P<0.02) and oxychlordane (P<0.05) were positive and significantly related to time away from the nest site, while DDE and HCB were not related to this trait. Secondly, among females which bred in an area where fish dominated the diet, and thus had high flight costs during feeding, early chick growth was negatively related to maternal levels of all four OCs, especially HCB and DDE (P<0.01). On the contrary, among females breeding in an area where the diet was dominated by eggs and young from nearby seabird colonies, and thus feeding costs were low, there were no effects of OC levels on early chick growth. This indicates that additional stress may be fundamental in causing reproductive effects of OCs in this population. Finally, during three breeding seasons we examined the probability of adults returning to the breeding grounds in the subsequent season, as a function of blood concentration of the four OCs. Overall, return rate from one year to the next was negatively related to blood residues of oxychlordane (P=0.02), but not significantly related to the other three compounds. Further support for the importance of oxychlordane was that a 60% drop in the blood levels between 1997 and 2000 led to a significant increase in return rate between these two years.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Chlordan|oxychlordane|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Arctic Regions | Behavior, Animal | Breeding | Charadriiformes/majr | Chlordan/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Ecosystem/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Fishes | Food Contamination | Hexachlorobenzene/toxicity | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Male | Norway | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.026\",\"10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.026\")","v":"10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.026"},"136","1","175-85","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D002706:Chlordan|C008743:oxychlordane|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703533\",\"15703533\")","v":"15703533"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Polychlorinated biphenyls and menstrual cycle characteristics.",0,0,"Cooper GS, Klebanoff MA, Promislow J, Brock JW, Longnecker MP","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","Polychlorinated biphenyls and menstrual cycle characteristics.    ABSTRACT:  Experimental studies in nonhuman primates provide evidence that low-level exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may affect aspects of their menstrual cycle, including cycle length, regularity, and bleeding duration. Few studies have examined these associations in humans.We used data from 2314 pregnant women who participated in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a cohort study that enrolled pregnant women in the 1960s in 12 centers in the United States. Information about usual (prepregnancy) menstrual cycle length, regularity, bleeding duration, and dysmenorrhea was collected at enrollment, and 11 PCBs and p,p'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) were measured in stored blood samples collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression to examine the association between organochlorine levels and menstrual cycles, adjusting for demographic factors, cholesterol, and triglycerides.Total PCBs were positively associated with increasing menstrual cycle length (adjusted difference across 5 categories of PCB exposure = 0.7 days, trend-test P value = 0.02). Irregular cycles were slightly more frequent among those in the 2 highest categories of PCB exposure (odds ratio for highest category = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 0.70-3.3), and there also was some evidence of an association with DDE. The strengths of these associations increased with various exclusions made to decrease potential misclassification of the outcome and the exposures. There was little evidence for associations between DDE or PCBs and bleeding duration, heavy bleeding, or dysmenorrhea.This study supports experimental studies in monkeys showing an effect of low-dose PCB exposure on menstrual function.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/poisoning | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/poisoning | Epidemiologic Studies | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/poisoning | Menstrual Cycle/majr/drug effects | Middle Aged | Multivariate Analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/poisoning | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000152913.12393.86\",\"10.1097/01.ede.0000152913.12393.86\")","v":"10.1097/01.ede.0000152913.12393.86"},"16","2","191-200","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703532\",\"15703532\")","v":"15703532"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Exposure to organochlorine compounds and effects on ovarian function.",0,0,"Windham GC, Lee D, Mitchell P, Anderson M, Petreas M, Lasley B","Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","Exposure to organochlorine compounds and effects on ovarian function.    ABSTRACT:  Some chemicals appear to have hormonally active properties in animals, but data in humans are sparse. Therefore, we examined ovarian function in relation to organochlorine compound levels.During 1997-1999, 50 Southeast Asian immigrant women of reproductive age collected urine samples daily. These samples were assayed for metabolites of estrogen and progesterone, and the women's menstrual cycle parameters were assessed. Organochlorine compounds (including DDT, its metabolite DDE, and 10 polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] congeners) were measured in serum.All samples had detectable DDT and DDE, with mean levels higher than typical U.S. populations. Mean cycle length was approximately 4 days shorter at the highest quartile concentration of DDT or DDE compared with the lowest. After adjustment for lipid levels, age, parity, and tubal ligation, and exclusion of a particularly long cycle, the decrements were attenuated to less than 1 day, with wide confidence intervals (CIs). The adjusted mean luteal phase length was shorter by approximately 1.5 days at the highest quartile of DDT (95% CI = -2.6 to -0.30) or DDE (-2.6 to -0.20). With each doubling of the DDE level, cycle length decreased 1.1 day (-2.4 to 0.23) and luteal phase length decreased 0.6 days (-1.1 to -0.2). Progesterone metabolite levels during the luteal phase were consistently decreased with higher DDE concentration. PCB levels were not generally associated with cycle length or hormone parameters after adjustment, and they did not alter the DDE associations when included in the same models.This study indicates a potential effect of DDE on ovarian function, which may influence other end points such as fertility, pregnancy, and reproductive cancers.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Estrogens|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | California/epidemiology | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Endpoint Determination | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Estrogens/blood | Female | Fertility/drug effects | Food Contamination/majr | Genital Neoplasms, Female/etiology | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/toxicity | Laos/ethnology | Menstruation/drug effects | Ovary/majr/drug effects/physiology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity | Pregnancy/drug effects | Seafood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000152527.24339.17\",\"10.1097/01.ede.0000152527.24339.17\")","v":"10.1097/01.ede.0000152527.24339.17"},"16","2","182-90","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D004967:Estrogens|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15687061\",\"15687061\")","v":"15687061"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Organochlorine pesticides and male genital anomalies in the child health and development studies.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1277868\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Bhatia R, Shiau R, Petreas M, Weintraub JM, Farhang L, Eskenazi B","Environmental health perspectives","Organochlorine pesticides and male genital anomalies in the child health and development studies.    ABSTRACT:  Increasing rates of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in human populations may be caused by exogenous environmental agents. We conducted a case-control study of serum levels of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its major metabolite, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and cryptorchidism and hypospadias in the Child Health and Development Study, a longitudinal cohort of pregnancies that occurred between 1959 and 1967, a period when DDT was produced and used in the United States. Serum was available from the mothers of 75 male children born with cryptorchidism, 66 with hypospadias, and 4 with both conditions. We randomly selected 283 controls from the cohort of women whose male babies were born without either of these conditions. Overall, we observed no statistically significant relationships or trends between outcomes and serum measures. After adjusting for maternal race, triglyceride level, and cholesterol level, compared with boys whose mothers had serum DDE levels < 27.0 ng/mL, boys whose mothers had serum DDE levels > or = 61.0 ng/mL had odds ratios of 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51-3.48] for cryptorchidism and 1.18 (95% CI, 0.46-3.02) for hypospadias. For DDT, compared with boys whose mothers had serum DDT levels < 10.0 ng/mL, boys whose mothers had serum DDT levels > or = 20.0 ng/mL had adjusted odds ratios of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.44-2.28) for cryptorchidism and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.33-1.89) for hypospadias. This study does not support an association of DDT or DDE and hypospadias or cryptorchidism.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Child | Cryptorchidism/majr/epidemiology/etiology | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Female | Humans | Hypospadias/majr/epidemiology/etiology | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/blood/toxicity | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Maternal Exposure | Odds Ratio | Pesticide Residues/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | San Francisco/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7382\",\"10.1289/ehp.7382\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.7382"},"113","2","220-4","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15687046\",\"15687046\")","v":"15687046"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Exposure to PCBs and p,p'-DDE and human sperm chromatin integrity.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1277861\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Rignell-Hydbom A, Rylander L, Giwercman A, Jönsson BA, Lindh C, Eleuteri P, Rescia M, Leter G, Cordelli E, Spano M, Hagmar L","Environmental health perspectives","Exposure to PCBs and p,p'-DDE and human sperm chromatin integrity.    ABSTRACT:  Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are stable lipophilic compounds widely found in the environment and in the general population. They can enter the food chain, and their negative impact on male reproduction is currently under active scrutiny. To explore the hypothesis that environmental exposure to these compounds is associated with altered sperm chromatin structure integrity in human sperm, we conducted a study of 176 Swedish fishermen (with low and high consumption of fatty fish, a very important exposure source of POPs). We determined serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and p,p'-DDE, and we used the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) to assess sperm DNA/chromatin integrity. When CB-153 serum levels (individual dose range, 39-1,460 ng/g lipid) were categorized into equally sized quintiles, we found an association with the DNA fragmentation index (%DFI). A significantly lower %DFI was found in the lowest CB-153 quintile (< 113 ng/g lipid) compared with the other quintiles; there was a similar tendency, although not statistically significant, between %DFI and p,p'-DDE. These results suggest that POP exposure may have a slight negative impact on human sperm chromatin integrity.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chromatin|Environmental Pollutants|Lipids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Aged | Chromatin/drug effects | DNA Damage/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Environmental Monitoring | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Flow Cytometry | Humans | Lipids/analysis | Male | Middle Aged | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects | Sweden",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7252\",\"10.1289/ehp.7252\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.7252"},"113","2","175-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002843:Chromatin|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D008055:Lipids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15657813\",\"15657813\")","v":"15657813"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Effects of azinphos-methyl on cholinergic responses and general health in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) after previous treatment with p,p'-DDE.",0,0,"Gill H, Williams TD, Bishop CA, Cheng KM, Elliott JE","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Effects of azinphos-methyl on cholinergic responses and general health in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) after previous treatment with p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  Although organochlorine (OC) pesticides were replaced with organophosphates (OPs) in the early 1970s, they continue to persist in orchard environments today. Extensive research has been conducted to determine the effects of currently used OPs on cholinesterase (ChE) activity; however, although OCs continue to be prevalent in areas of previous use, few studies have looked at the toxicity of a combination of residual OC compounds with currently used OP pesticides. The focus of our study was to determine the effects of azinphos-methyl (a common OP used in apple orchards today) on ChE activity and general health in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) previously exposed to p,p'-DDE (a commonly detected metabolite of DDT). The main results of our study were as follows: (1) azinphos-methyl alone caused a dose-dependent inhibition of plasma and brain ChE activity; (2) p,p'-DDE in combination with azinphos-methyl did not change azinphos-methyl inhibition of ChE activity; and (3) there were suggestions of immunostimulation in birds dosed 1 year previously to p,p'-DDE and of anemia when p,p'-DDE was combined with azinphos-methyl; however, there was no dose-response for these parameters in birds subsequently dosed with p,p'-DDE.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Cholinesterase Inhibitors|Insecticides|Phytohemagglutinins|Azinphosmethyl|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Cholinesterases MeSH:  | Animals | Azinphosmethyl/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Brain/drug effects/enzymology | Cholinesterase Inhibitors/majr/toxicity | Cholinesterases/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/administration & dosage | Finches/majr/blood/physiology | Hematocrit | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology | Reproduction | Skin Tests",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0229-8\",\"10.1007/s00244-004-0229-8\")","v":"10.1007/s00244-004-0229-8"},"48","1","118-26","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors|D007306:Insecticides|D010835:Phytohemagglutinins|D001387:Azinphosmethyl|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D002802:Cholinesterases|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653789\",\"15653789\")","v":"15653789"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Relationship of lead, mercury, mirex, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls to timing of menarche among Akwesasne Mohawk girls.",0,0,"Denham M, Schell LM, Deane G, Gallo MV, Ravenscroft J, DeCaprio AP","Pediatrics","Relationship of lead, mercury, mirex, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls to timing of menarche among Akwesasne Mohawk girls.    ABSTRACT:  Children are commonly exposed at background levels to several ubiquitous environmental pollutants, such as lead and persistent organic pollutants, that have been linked to neurologic and endocrine effects. These effects have prompted concern about alterations in human reproductive development. Few studies have examined the effects of these toxicants on human sexual maturation at levels commonly found in the general population, and none has been able to examine multiple toxicant exposures. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the relationship between attainment of menarche and levels of 6 environmental pollutants to which children are commonly exposed at low levels, ie, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mirex, lead, and mercury.This study was conducted with residents of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, a sovereign territory that spans the St Lawrence River and the boundaries of New York State and Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Since the 1950s, the St Lawrence River has been a site of substantial industrial development, and the Nation is currently adjacent to a US National Priority Superfund site. PCB, p,p'-DDE, HCB, and mirex levels exceeding the US Food and Drug Administration recommended tolerance limits for human consumption have been found in local animal species. The present analysis included 138 Akwesasne Mohawk Nation girls 10 to 16.9 years of age. Blood samples and sociodemographic data were collected by Akwesasne community members, without prior knowledge of participants' exposure status. Attainment of menses (menarche) was assessed as present or absent at the time of the interview. Congener-specific PCB analysis was available, and all 16 PCB congeners detected in >50% of the sample were included in analyses (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry numbers 52, 70, 74, 84, 87, 95, 99, 101 [+90], 105, 110, 118, 138 [+163 and 164], 149 [+123], 153, 180, and 187). Probit analysis was used to determine the median age at menarche for the sample. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of menarcheal status. Six toxicants (p,p'-DDE, HCB, PCBs, mirex, lead, and mercury) were entered into the logistic regression model. Age, socioeconomic status (SES), and BMI were tested as potential cofounders and were included in the model at P < .05. Interactions among toxicants were also evaluated.Toxicant levels were measured in blood for this sample and were consistent with long-term exposure to a variety of toxicants in multiple media. Mercury levels were at or below background levels, all lead levels were well below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action limit of 10 microg/dL, and PCB levels were consistent with a cumulative, continuing exposure pattern. The median age at menarche for the total sample was 12.2 years. The predicted age at menarche for girls with lead levels above the median (1.2 microg/dL) was 10.5 months later than that for girls with lead levels below the median. In the logistic regression analysis, age was the strongest predictor of menarcheal status and SES was also a significant predictor but BMI was not. The logistic regression analysis that corrected for age, SES, and other pollutants (p,p'-DDE, HCB, mirex, and mercury) indicated that, at their respective geometric means, lead (geometric mean: 0.49 microg/dL) was associated with a significantly lower probability of having reached menarche (beta = -1.29) and a group of 4 potentially estrogenic PCB congeners (E-PCB) (geometric mean: 0.12 ppb; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry numbers 52, 70, 101 [+90], and 187) was associated with a significantly greater probability of having reached menarche (beta = 2.13). Predicted probabilities at different levels of lead and PCBs were calculated on the basis of the logistic regression model. At the respective means of all toxicants and SES, 69% of 12-year-old girls were predicted to have reached menarche. However, at the 75th percentile of lead levels, only 10% of 12-year-old Mohawk girls were predicted to have reached menarche; at the 75th percentile of E-PCB levels, 86% of 12-year-old Mohawk girls were predicted to have reached menarche. No association was observed between mirex, p,p'-DDE, or HCB and menarcheal status. Although BMI was not a significant predictor, we tested BMI in the logistic regression model; it had little effect on the relationships between menarcheal status and either lead or E-PCB. In models testing toxicant interactions, age, SES, lead levels, and PCB levels continued to be significant predictors of menarcheal status. When each toxicant was tested in a logistic regression model correcting only for age and SES, we observed little change in the effects of lead or E-PCB on menarcheal status.The analysis of multichemical exposure among Akwesasne Mohawk Nation adolescent girls suggests that the attainment of menarche may be sensitive to relatively low levels of lead and certain PCB congeners. This study is distinguished by the ability to test many toxicants simultaneously and thus to exclude effects from unmeasured but coexisting exposures. By testing several PCB congener groupings, we were able to determine that specifically a group of potentially estrogenic PCB congeners affected the odds of reaching menarche. The lead and PCB findings are consistent with the literature and are biologically plausible. The sample size, cross-sectional study design, and possible occurrence of confounders beyond those tested suggest that results should be interpreted cautiously. Additional investigation to determine whether such low toxicant levels may affect reproduction and disorders of the reproductive system is warranted.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Lead|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury|Mirex MeSH:  | Adolescent | Child | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/pharmacology | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/blood/pharmacology | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/blood/pharmacology | Indians, North American | Lead/majr/blood/pharmacology | Logistic Models | Menarche/majr/drug effects | Mercury/blood/pharmacology | Mirex/blood/pharmacology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood/pharmacology | Social Class",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1161\",\"10.1542/peds.2004-1161\")","v":"10.1542/peds.2004-1161"},"115","2","e127-34","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007854:Lead|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|D008917:Mirex|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15589662\",\"15589662\")","v":"15589662"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Assessing breeding potential of peregrine falcons based on chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in prey.",0,0,"Elliott JE, Miller MJ, Wilson LK","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Assessing breeding potential of peregrine falcons based on chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in prey.    ABSTRACT:  Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) now breed successfully in most areas of North America from which they were previously extirpated. The loss during the mid-part of the last century of many of the world's peregrine populations was largely a consequence of impaired reproduction caused by the effects of DDE on eggshell quality and embryo hatchability. Population recovery has been attributed to re-introduction efforts, coupled with regulatory restrictions on the use of organochlorine pesticides. Peregrines have not returned to breed in some areas, such as the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. That region has been extensively planted in fruit orchards which were treated annually with DDT during the early 1950s to the 1970s. Ongoing contamination of avian species, including potential peregrine prey, inhabiting orchards has been documented. In response to an initiative to release peregrines around the city of Kelowna in the Okanagan Valley, we collected potential peregrine prey species and analyzed whole bodies for chlorinated hydrocarbon residues. We used a simple bioaccumulation model to predict concentrations of DDE in peregrine eggs using concentrations in prey and estimates of dietary makeup as input. Peregrines would be expected to breed successfully only if they fed on a diet primarily of doves. Feeding on as little as 10% of other species such as starlings, robins, gulls and magpies would produce DDE concentrations in peregrine eggs greater than the threshold of 15 mg/kg. We also estimated the critical concentration of DDE in total prey to be about 0.5 mg/kg, one half of the previous most conservative criterion for peregrine prey. Concentrations of dieldrin and PCBs in peregrine prey are less than suggested critical levels.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Charadriiformes | Columbidae | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Eggs/analysis | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Environmental Monitoring/methods | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis | Falconiformes/majr/physiology | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/analysis | Insecticides/analysis | Pesticides/analysis | Predatory Behavior | Reproduction/majr/drug effects/physiology | Risk Assessment/methods | Songbirds",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.08.002\",\"10.1016/j.envpol.2004.08.002\")","v":"10.1016/j.envpol.2004.08.002"},"134","2","353-61","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15541753\",\"15541753\")","v":"15541753"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Target-specific action of organochlorine compounds in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues of estrogen-reporter male mice.",0,0,"Villa R, Bonetti E, Penza ML, Iacobello C, Bugari G, Bailo M, Parolini O, Apostoli P, Caimi L, Ciana P, Maggi A, Di Lorenzo D","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","Target-specific action of organochlorine compounds in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues of estrogen-reporter male mice.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorines are lipophylic molecules that accumulate in the fat where they remain for years. During weight loss, they are mobilized and their concentration increases in blood. The present work tests, in transgenic estrogen-reporter mice (ERE-tK-LUC), whether this increase is sufficient to modulate the estrogen receptors (ERs) in the whole body. Three weak estrogens were studied: p,p'DDT [1,1,1-trichloro2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane], p,p'DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], and betaBHC [beta-benzene-hexachloride]. Dose-dependent analysis of reporter expression (luciferase) were performed in tissues of acutely treated mice. A body map of ER activation was obtained. All these chemicals modulated the reporter, although with a different efficiency and depending upon the tissue analyzed. Induction was confirmed in the liver by determining the expression of the endogenous progesterone receptor (PR) gene, at the dose and time point at which the luciferase gene was maximally induced. After experimental accumulation in the fat tissue, followed by a 48-h period of fasting, we tested whether these compounds could be mobilized to reach sufficient levels to activate the ERs in selected reproductive and nonreproductive tissues (testicle, prostate, liver, and lung). This experimental setting produced results that were different than those obtained following acute treatments. In loaded mice, fasting induced betaBHC mobilization resulted in strong ER activation in the liver and the lung, which was blocked by ICI-182780. p,p'DDT mobilization had no effect in these tissues, but it acted efficiently in the prostate and testis. betaBHC inhibited the ERE-mediated reporter in the testicle and induced the reporter in the prostate. In this tissue, betaBHC action was not inhibited by the anti-estrogen ICI-182780. During fasting, betaBHC, p,p'DDT, and metabolite p,p'DDE increased in blood concentration, from 2.25 +/- 0.25, 0.51 +/- 0.09, and 0.38 +/- 0.06 microg/ml to 8.24 +/- 0.95, 4.52 +/- 0.68, and 5.06 +/- 0.57 microg/ml, respectively. The effect produced by these organochlorines in the liver correlates with the modulation of the ERalpha protein. We conclude that these organochlorines modulate differently the expression of estrogen-regulated genes in male mice. Their effect is tissue- and compound-specific and is dependent on the energetic balance.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Estrogens|Estrogens, Non-Steroidal|Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|RNA, Messenger|Receptors, Estrogen|Receptors, Progesterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT MeSH:  | Adipose Tissue/drug effects/metabolism | Animals | Blotting, Western | Cell Line, Tumor | DDT/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism/toxicity | Estrogens/majr/genetics | Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/toxicity | Female | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Genes, Reporter/majr/genetics | Genitalia, Male/majr/drug effects | Hexachlorocyclohexane/metabolism/toxicity | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Luminescent Measurements | Male | Mice | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Mice, Transgenic | RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics | Receptors, Estrogen/genetics | Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis/genetics | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Tissue Distribution",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.007\",\"10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.007"},"201","2","137-48","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004967:Estrogens|D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal|D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|D011980:Receptors, Progesterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533328\",\"15533328\")","v":"15533328"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Maternal serum level of the DDT metabolite DDE in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies.",0,0,"Longnecker MP, Klebanoff MA, Dunson DB, Guo X, Chen Z, Zhou H, Brock JW","Environmental research","Maternal serum level of the DDT metabolite DDE in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies.    ABSTRACT:  Use of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) continues in about 25 countries. This use has been justified partly by the belief that it has no adverse consequences on human health. Evidence has been increasing, however, for adverse reproductive effects of DDT, but additional data are needed. Pregnant women who enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (United States, 1959-1965) were asked about their previous pregnancy history; blood samples were drawn and the serum frozen. In 1997-1999, the sera of 1717 of these women who had previous pregnancies were analyzed for 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), the major breakdown product of DDT. The odds of previous fetal loss was examined in relation to DDE level in logistic regression models. Compared with women whose DDE level was <15 microg/L, the adjusted odds ratios of fetal loss according to category of DDE were as follows: 15-29 microg/L, 1.1; 30-44 microg/L, 1.4; 45-59 microg/L, 1.6; and 60+ microg/L, 1.2. The adjusted odds ratio per 60 microg/L increase was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1-1.6). The results were consistent with an adverse effect of DDE on fetal loss, but were inconclusive owing to the possibility that previous pregnancies ending in fetal loss decreased serum DDE levels less than did those carried to term.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Abortion, Spontaneous/majr/blood/epidemiology/etiology | Adult | Child | Cryptorchidism/blood/epidemiology/etiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Humans | Hypospadias/blood/epidemiology/etiology | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Odds Ratio | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Prospective Studies | Risk Factors | United States/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00108-7\",\"10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00108-7\")","v":"10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00108-7"},"97","2","127-33","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520502\",\"15520502\")","v":"15520502"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Effect of single and repeated in vitro exposure of ovarian follicles to o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT and their metabolites.",0,0,"Wójtowicz AK, Gregoraszczuk EL, Ptak A, Falandysz J","Polish journal of pharmacology","Effect of single and repeated in vitro exposure of ovarian follicles to o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT and their metabolites.    ABSTRACT:  The aim of the presented study was to compare the effect of o,p'-DDT [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p,p'-chlorophenyl)-ethylene] and p,p'-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] and their metabolites DDE and DDD on estradiol secretion by ovarian follicles, the target organs of environmental estrogens. Theca interna (Tc) and granulosa cells (Gc) were collected from medium size porcine follicles and cultured as a monolayer. The cells were initially cultured for 24 h to allow attachment to the plates and then media were changed for the new ones and o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT and their metabolites: o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDD were added at doses of 4, 40, 400 ng and 4 microg/ml medium to investigate dose-dependent effects. Media were collected after 24 h and frozen for estradiol content determination. When the effect of single and repeated exposure was investigated, the lowest dose of 4 ng/ml and the highest one of 4 microg/ml were chosen on the basis of the results of Experiment 1. o,p'-DDT exerted antiestrogenic action at all doses used while its metabolites and p,p'-DDT and its metabolites decreased estradiol secretion only when present in the medium at a dose of 4 ng/ml. The highest doses caused the increase in estradiol secretion. Parent o,p'-DDT and its metabolites showed antiestrogenic action after single exposure to 4 ng/ml while parent p,p'-DDT and its metabolites caused estrogenic action. All investigated compounds, except o,p'-DDT, increased estradiol secretion after single exposure to the dose of 4 microg/ml. Repeated exposure resulted in a massive antiestrogenic action of all investigated chemicals. In conclusion, our study points to time-dependent effect of DDT and its metabolites on ovarian follicles with the strongest estrogenic properties observed after single exposure and antiestrogenic action caused by repeated exposure. Given the duration of folliculogenesis, one can imagine many different potential mechanisms by which DDT could influence steroidogenesis.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Mitotane|DDT|o,p'-DDT|2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Estradiol/metabolism | Female | In Vitro Techniques | Mitotane/majr/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Ovarian Follicle/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Swine",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"56","4","465-72","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D008939:Mitotane|D003634:DDT|C016340:o,p'-DDT|C054919:2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15471725\",\"15471725\")","v":"15471725"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Acute infections and environmental exposure to organochlorines in Inuit infants from Nunavik.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1247560\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Dallaire F, Dewailly E, Muckle G, Vézina C, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Ayotte P","Environmental health perspectives","Acute infections and environmental exposure to organochlorines in Inuit infants from Nunavik.    ABSTRACT:  The Inuit population of Nunavik (Canada) is exposed to immunotoxic organochlorines (OCs) mainly through the consumption of fish and marine mammal fat. We investigated the effect of perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) on the incidence of acute infections in Inuit infants. We reviewed the medical charts of a cohort of 199 Inuit infants during the first 12 months of life and evaluated the incidence rates of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTIs, respectively), otitis media, and gastrointestinal (GI) infections. Maternal plasma during delivery and infant plasma at 7 months of age were sampled and assayed for PCBs and DDE. Compared to rates for infants in the first quartile of exposure to PCBs (least exposed), adjusted rate ratios for infants in higher quartiles ranged between 1.09 and 1.32 for URTIs, 0.99 and 1.39 for otitis, 1.52 and 1.89 for GI infections, and 1.16 and 1.68 for LRTIs during the first 6 months of follow-up. For all infections combined, the rate ratios ranged from 1.17 to 1.27. The effect size was similar for DDE exposure but was lower for the full 12-month follow-up. Globally, most rate ratios were > 1.0, but few were statistically significant (p < 0.05). No association was found when postnatal exposure was considered. These results show a possible association between prenatal exposure to OCs and acute infections early in life in this Inuit population.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Acute Disease | Adult | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/poisoning | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/poisoning | Female | Gastrointestinal Diseases/majr/epidemiology/etiology/microbiology | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/analysis/poisoning | Inuits/majr | Male | Otitis Media/majr/epidemiology/etiology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/poisoning | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Quebec/epidemiology | Respiratory Tract Infections/majr/epidemiology/etiology | Retrospective Studies",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7255\",\"10.1289/ehp.7255\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.7255"},"112","14","1359-65","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371229\",\"15371229\")","v":"15371229"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Age at natural menopause and exposure to organochlorine pesticides in Hispanic women.",0,0,"Akkina J, Reif J, Keefe T, Bachand A","Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A","Age at natural menopause and exposure to organochlorine pesticides in Hispanic women.    ABSTRACT:  A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between exposure to selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP) (p,p'-DDT, p',p'-DDE, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane [beta-HCH], oxychlordane, trans' nonachlor) and age at natural menopause in a sample of 219 menopausal women participating in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1982-1984. Information on age at menopause, reproductive history, demographic variables, and potential confounding variables was collected via interview. Analysis of variance was employed to compare adjusted mean age at natural menopause among women by category of serum OCP level. Serum levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, beta-HCH, and trans-nonachlor were associated with a younger age at menopause. In particular, women with exposure levels in the highest exposure categories (serum p,p'-DDT > or = 6ppb, beta-HCH > or = 4ppb, or trans-nonachlor > or = 2ppb) had an adjusted mean age at menopause on average 5.7, 3.4, and 5.2 yr earlier, respectively, than women with serum levels of these pesticides below the detection limit. Women with serum p,p'-DDE levels greater than 23.6 ppb (highest quintile) had an adjusted mean age at menopause 1.7 yr earlier than women with serump,p'-DDE levels less than 5.5 ppb (lowest quintile). However, no consistent dose-response effect was apparent across low, medium, and high exposure categories. Interactions were detected for p,p'-DDT in combination with beta-HCH, trans-nonachlor, or oxychlordane, as well as beta-HCH in combination with oxychlordane.Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Chlordan|oxychlordane|nonachlor|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|Dieldrin|beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Age Factors | Aged | Analysis of Variance | Chlordan/majr/analogs & derivatives/blood | Cross-Sectional Studies | DDT/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Dieldrin/blood | Drug Interactions | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Environmental Monitoring/majr/methods/statistics & numerical data | Epidemiologic Studies | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/blood | Hexachlorocyclohexane/blood | Hispanic or Latino/majr/ethnology/statistics & numerical data | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/blood | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Life Style | Menopause/majr/blood/drug effects/ethnology | Middle Aged | Nutrition Surveys | Reproductive History | Risk Factors | Surveys and Questionnaires | United States | Women/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490483845\",\"10.1080/15287390490483845\")","v":"10.1080/15287390490483845"},"67","18","1407-22","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D002706:Chlordan|C008743:oxychlordane|C001870:nonachlor|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|D004026:Dieldrin|C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15352484\",\"15352484\")","v":"15352484"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Interactive effects of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and methoxychlor on hormone synthesis in largemouth bass ovarian cultures.",0,0,"Borgert CJ, Gross TS, Guiney PD, Osimitz TG, Price B, Wells C","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Interactive effects of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and methoxychlor on hormone synthesis in largemouth bass ovarian cultures.    ABSTRACT:  p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and methoxychlor were tested alone and in combination to assess the similarity of their actions on hormone synthesis in gonadal tissue from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus), a species whose reproductive fitness has relevance to ecosystem health in Florida (USA). Gonads were harvested from adult female bass (age, two to three years) during the peak reproductive season (January-May), minced, and incubated in culture medium with or without test agents for 48 h. Duplicates of each treatment were performed in each of three experiments using tissue from a different female. Both 17beta-estradiol and testosterone were measured in aliquots of culture medium by validated radioimmunoassay procedures. Dose-response relationships of individual agents were characterized over a 6-log concentration range (1 X 10(-2) to 1 X 10(4) ppb). Both DDE and methoxychlor, tested individually, produced a dose-dependent decrease in testosterone levels. 17beta-Estradiol levels were unaffected. Mixtures of the agents were tested at all concentration combinations of 0.01, 1, 100, and 10,000 ppb in culture medium. Statistical tests indicated that of 16 dose combinations tested, 15 were antagonistic, and only 1 was additive based on the Loewe additivity model of no interaction. These results imply that methoxychlor and DDE inhibit testosterone production by different mechanisms in bass ovaries.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Methoxychlor MeSH:  | Animals | Bass/majr/physiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Drug Interactions | Estradiol/majr/analysis/biosynthesis | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Methoxychlor/majr/toxicity | Ovary/majr/drug effects/physiology | Radioimmunoassay | Reproduction/drug effects | Seasons | Testosterone/majr/analysis/biosynthesis",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-424\",\"10.1897/03-424\")","v":"10.1897/03-424"},"23","8","1947-56","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D008731:Methoxychlor|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15284211\",\"15284211\")","v":"15284211"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Exposure to CB-153 and p,p'-DDE and male reproductive function.",0,0,"Rignell-Hydbom A, Rylander L, Giwercman A, Jönsson BA, Nilsson-Ehle P, Hagmar L","Human reproduction (Oxford, England)","Exposure to CB-153 and p,p'-DDE and male reproductive function.    ABSTRACT:  During the last decades, there has been concern that exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs), may contribute to an impairment of male reproductive function. To investigate whether exposure to 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) affects semen quantity and quality and reproductive hormones, 195 Swedish fishermen, aged 24-65 years, were investigated.The men provided semen samples which were analysed in a mobile laboratory unit. Blood samples and information relating to lifestyle, medical and reproductive history were obtained.The subjects had a median CB-153 serum level of 193 ng/g lipid (range 39-1460) and a median p,p'-DDE serum level of 240 ng/g lipid (range 334-2251). When CB-153 was categorized into quintiles, the subjects in the quintile with the highest concentration (> 328 ng/g lipid), tended to have decreased sperm motility compared with the subjects in the lowest quintile (< 113 ng/g lipid). The age-adjusted mean difference was 9.9% (95% confidence interval -1.0 to 21% P = 0.08). We found no significant associations between p,p'-DDE and semen characteristics or reproductive hormones.The association between CB-153 and sperm motility, although not formally significant, is of interest considering the possible endocrine-disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl MeSH:  | Adult | Animals | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Diet/adverse effects | Fishes | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Middle Aged | Osmolar Concentration | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Semen/drug effects | Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin/analysis | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Sweden",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh362\",\"10.1093/humrep/deh362\")","v":"10.1093/humrep/deh362"},"19","9","2066-75","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15180665\",\"15180665\")","v":"15180665"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Bayesian isotonic regression and trend analysis.",0,0,"Neelon B, Dunson DB","Biometrics","Bayesian isotonic regression and trend analysis.    ABSTRACT:  In many applications, the mean of a response variable can be assumed to be a nondecreasing function of a continuous predictor, controlling for covariates. In such cases, interest often focuses on estimating the regression function, while also assessing evidence of an association. This article proposes a new framework for Bayesian isotonic regression and order-restricted inference. Approximating the regression function with a high-dimensional piecewise linear model, the nondecreasing constraint is incorporated through a prior distribution for the slopes consisting of a product mixture of point masses (accounting for flat regions) and truncated normal densities. To borrow information across the intervals and smooth the curve, the prior is formulated as a latent autoregressive normal process. This structure facilitates efficient posterior computation, since the full conditional distributions of the parameters have simple conjugate forms. Point and interval estimates of the regression function and posterior probabilities of an association for different regions of the predictor can be estimated from a single MCMC run. Generalizations to categorical outcomes and multiple predictors are described, and the approach is applied to an epidemiology application.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Bayes Theorem/majr | Biometry/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Epidemiologic Methods | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/toxicity | Linear Models | Markov Chains | Monte Carlo Method | Pregnancy | Premature Birth/chemically induced | Regression Analysis/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00184.x\",\"10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00184.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00184.x"},"60","2","398-406","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15070871\",\"15070871\")","v":"15070871"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Synergistic effects between FSH and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(P-chlorophenyl)ethylene (P,P'-DDE) on human granulosa cell aromatase activity.",0,0,"Younglai EV, Holloway AC, Lim GE, Foster WG","Human reproduction (Oxford, England)","Synergistic effects between FSH and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(P-chlorophenyl)ethylene (P,P'-DDE) on human granulosa cell aromatase activity.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(P-chlorophenyl)ethylene (P,P'-DDE, DDE), a metabolite of DDT, is a persistent hormonally active environmental toxicant which has been found in human serum and follicular fluid. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between FSH and ppDDE on aromatase activity in primary cultures of human granulosa cells.Granulosa cells were obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval for IVF procedures and cultured in defined medium containing FSH and environmentally relevant concentrations of DDE. Aromatase activity was measured by incubating the cells with 1beta-[(3)H]androstenedione and measuring the release of (3)H(2)O.The granulosa cell response to FSH was highly dependent on the basal level of aromatase activity (r = -0.703, P = 0.001, n = 17) with the highest activity occurring at low basal levels of aromatase activity. Enzyme activity was significantly stimulated at 100 ng DDE/ml. A synergistic effect on aromatizing activity was observed when cells were co-cultured with DDE and FSH.Concentrations of DDE similar to those present in human follicular fluid enhance basal and FSH-stimulated granulosa cell aromatizing enzyme activity.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Follicle Stimulating Hormone|Aromatase MeSH:  | Aromatase/majr/metabolism | Cells, Cultured | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacology | Drug Synergism | Enzyme Activation/drug effects | Female | Follicle Stimulating Hormone/majr/pharmacology | Granulosa Cells/majr/cytology/drug effects/enzymology | Humans | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh252\",\"10.1093/humrep/deh252\")","v":"10.1093/humrep/deh252"},"19","5","1089-93","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone|D001141:Aromatase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15064158\",\"15064158\")","v":"15064158"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Reproductive effects of occupational DDT exposure among male malaria control workers.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1241918\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Salazar-García F, Gallardo-Díaz E, Cerón-Mireles P, Loomis D, Borja-Aburto VH","Environmental health perspectives","Reproductive effects of occupational DDT exposure among male malaria control workers.    ABSTRACT:  To assess potential effects of human DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] exposure, we evaluated the reproductive history of 2,033 workers in the antimalaria campaign of Mexico. Data on occupational exposure to DDT and reproductive outcomes were gathered through a questionnaire, and workers provided information about 9,187 pregnancies. We estimated paternal exposure to DDT before each pregnancy using three approaches: a) a dichotomous indicator for pregnancies before and after exposure began, b) a qualitative index of four exposure categories, and c) an estimation of the DDT metabolite DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] accumulated in fat. To assess associations, we used logistic regression models that accounted for correlated observations and adjusted for parents' age at each child's birth, exposure to other pesticides, exposure to chemical substances in other employment, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The odds ratio for birth defects comparing pregnancies after and before the first exposure was 3.77 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.19-9.52]. Compared with the lowest quartile of estimated DDE in fat, the ORs were 2.48 (95% CI, 0.75-8.11), 4.15 (95% CI, 1.38-12.46), and 3.76 (95% CI, 1.23-11.44) for quartiles 2, 3, and 4, equivalent to p,p -DDE in fat of 50, 82, and 298 microg/g fat, respectively. No significant association was found for spontaneous abortion or sex ratio. We found an increased risk of birth defects associated with high occupational exposure to DDT in this group of workers. The significance of this association at lower exposure levels found in the general population remains uncertain.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology | Adipose Tissue/metabolism | Adult | Aged | Aged, 80 and over | Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology | Cross-Sectional Studies | DDT/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Malaria/majr/prevention & control | Male | Mexico | Middle Aged | Occupational Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Odds Ratio | Paternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-1241918\",\"10.1289/ehp.112-1241918\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.112-1241918"},"112","5","542-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14974286\",\"14974286\")","v":"14974286"},0,0,0,0,2003,"[DDT/DDE concentrations and risk of hypospadias. Pilot case-control study].",0,0,"Flores-Luévano S, Farías P, Hernández M, Romano-Riquer P, Weber JP, Dewailly E, Cuevas-Alpuche J, Romieu I","Salud publica de Mexico","[DDT/DDE concentrations and risk of hypospadias. Pilot case-control study].    ABSTRACT:  To evaluate the association between maternal serum DDT/DDE levels and risk of hypospadias.A case-control study in Mexico City was conducted during 1997-1999 among 41 subjects with hypospadias and 28 controls. Blood samples were obtained from study subjects. Information was obtained using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models.Maternal DDT and DDE levels showed no association with hypospadias (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.24-5.29 and OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.15-1.60, respectively). Associated factors were older age of mothers (OR 8.69; 95% CI 1.69-44.9), and working during pregnancy (OR 4.68; 95% CI 1.15-18.9).Information about the endocrine effects of different levels of DDT/DDE in human subjects is scarce; dosage may be a determinant factor of the type of effect. The English version of this paper is available at:http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Case-Control Studies | Child | Child, Preschool | DDT/majr/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood | Female | Humans | Hypospadias/majr/chemically induced | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Pilot Projects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Risk Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"45","6","431-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14766722\",\"14766722\")","v":"14766722"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene elevates cytosolic calcium concentrations and oscillations in primary cultures of human granulosa-lutein cells.",0,0,"Younglai EV, Kwan TK, Kwan CY, Lobb DK, Foster WG","Biology of reproduction","Dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene elevates cytosolic calcium concentrations and oscillations in primary cultures of human granulosa-lutein cells.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), a metabolite of DDT (1,1-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), is a persistent hormonally active environmental toxicant that has been found in human serum and follicular fluid. The objective of this study was to determine whether DDE can alter free calcium ion concentrations in the cytosol ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) of human granulosa cells. Changes in [Ca(2+)](cyt) in single cells loaded with Fura-2 were studied using a dynamic digital Ca(2+) imaging system. At a concentration of 100 ng/ml, DDE stimulated small elevations of [Ca(2+)](cyt) accompanied by Ca(2+) oscillations. At 1 microg DDE/ml, there was a biphasic Ca(2+) response with marked elevations of [Ca(2+)](cyt) over time. In Ca(2+)-free medium, cells showed an initial small elevation of [Ca(2+)](cyt), which was magnified after addition of Ca(2+) to the medium. Washing the cells after DDE treatment failed to remove the elevated [Ca(2+)](cyt) and oscillations, both of which were eliminated by addition of EGTA. ATP also induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevations and oscillations, and these effects were potentiated when DDE was added. FSH induced transient [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevations, whereas hCG caused a prolonged elevation and marked oscillations in [Ca(2+)](cyt). These results suggest that DDE at concentrations normally found in human tissues induces elevations in [Ca(2+)](cyt) in granulosa-lutein cells. Our data therefore highlight a novel mechanism through which DDE can alter endocrine homeostasis and possibly act as an endocrine toxicant.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chorionic Gonadotropin|Fluorescent Dyes|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Adenosine Triphosphate|Follicle Stimulating Hormone|Calcium|Fura-2 MeSH:  | Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology | Calcium/majr/metabolism | Calcium Signaling/drug effects | Cells, Cultured | Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology | Cytosol/drug effects/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Fluorescent Dyes | Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology | Fura-2 | Granulosa Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Humans | Insecticides/toxicity | Luteal Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.103.026187\",\"10.1095/biolreprod.103.026187\")","v":"10.1095/biolreprod.103.026187"},"70","6","1693-700","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin|D005456:Fluorescent Dyes|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate|D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone|D002118:Calcium|D016257:Fura-2|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14754575\",\"14754575\")","v":"14754575"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane burden and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1241830\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"López-Cervantes M, Torres-Sánchez L, Tobías A, López-Carrillo L","Environmental health perspectives","Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane burden and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence.    ABSTRACT:  The relationship of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure and breast cancer risk has received increasing attention since the beginning of the 1990s. Contradicting published results regarding the relationship between body burden levels of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDE)--the main DDT metabolite--and breast cancer, we argue that such differences stem from methodologic differences among those studies. We performed a meta-analysis of 22 articles using DerSimonian and Laird's method for random effects models. The Q-statistic was used to identify heterogeneity in the outcome variable across studies. The gradient of p,p'-DDE exposure in epidemiologic studies was homogenized to serum lipid bases (nanograms per gram). The potential for publication bias was examined by means of the Begg's test. We discuss methodologic features of the studies in an attempt to reconcile the findings. The summary odds ratio (OR) for selected studies was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.09) and the gradient of exposure ranged from 84.37 to 12,948 ng/g. No overall heterogeneity in the OR was observed (chi-squared = 27.93; df = 23; p = 0.218). Neither the study design nor the lack of breast-feeding control or the type of biologic specimen used to measure p,p'-DDE levels were the causes of heterogeneity throughout the studies. Evidence for publication bias was not found (p = 0.253). Overall, these results should be regarded as a strong evidence to discard the putative relationship between p,p'-DDE and breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, the exposure to DDT during critical periods of human development--from conception to adolescence--and individual variations in metabolizing enzymes of DDT or its derivatives are still important areas to be researched in regard to breast cancer development in adulthood.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent/physiology | Adult | Breast Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Child | Child, Preschool | Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic | DDT/majr/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Epidemiologic Studies | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Odds Ratio | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Reproducibility of Results | Research Design | Risk Assessment | Tissue Distribution",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-1241830\",\"10.1289/ehp.112-1241830\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.112-1241830"},"112","2","207-14","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14750556\",\"14750556\")","v":"14750556"},0,0,0,0,2003,"PCBs, hexachlorobenzene and DDE are not associated with recurrent miscarriage.",0,0,"Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Ozaki Y, Sonta S, Makino T, Suzumori K","American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)","PCBs, hexachlorobenzene and DDE are not associated with recurrent miscarriage.    ABSTRACT:  A case-control study was designed to evaluate any associations between high exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and the 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) and recurrent miscarriage and immunoendocrine abnormalities.A total of 18 kinds of co-planer PCBs, HCB, DDE, natural killer cell (NK) activity, antiphospholipid antibodies, antinuclear antibody, prolactin, progesterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 were examined in 45 patients with a history of three or more (3-11) consecutive first-trimester miscarriages and 30 healthy women with no history of live birth and infertility.There were no differences in mean +/- S.D. values in serum samples for PCBs, HCB and DDE between patients and controls. Hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, luteal phase defects, NK cell activity and the presence of autoantibodies were also not associated with levels of any of the compounds in the patients.PCBs, HCB and DDE are not associated with miscarriage and immunoendocrine abnormalities in patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Abortion, Habitual/majr/blood/chemically induced/immunology | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/blood/toxicity | Humans | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.8755-8920.2003.00106.x\",\"10.1046/j.8755-8920.2003.00106.x\")","v":"10.1046/j.8755-8920.2003.00106.x"},"50","6","485-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14748928\",\"14748928\")","v":"14748928"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Maternal concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichlorethylene and birth weight in Michigan fish eaters: a cohort study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC356928\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Karmaus W, Zhu X","Environmental health : a global access science source","Maternal concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichlorethylene and birth weight in Michigan fish eaters: a cohort study.    ABSTRACT:  Studies on maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) reported inconsistent findings regarding birth weight: some studies showed no effect, some reported decreased birth weight, and one study found an increase in weights. These studies used different markers of exposure, such as measurement of PCBs in maternal serum or questionnaire data on fish consumption. Additionally maternal exposures, such as dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE), which are related to PCB exposure and may interfere with the PCB effect, were rarely taken into account.Between 1973 and 1991, the Michigan Department of Community Health conducted three surveys to assess PCB and DDE serum concentrations in Michigan anglers. Through telephone interviews with parents, we gathered information on the birth characteristics of their offspring, focusing on deliveries that occurred after 1968. We used the maternal organochlorine (OC) measurement closest to the date of delivery as the exposure. Although one mother may have contributed more than one child, serum concentrations derived from measurements in different surveys could vary for different children from the same mother. The maternal DDE and PCB serum concentrations were categorized as follows: 0 -< 5 microg / L, 5 -< 15 microg / L, 15 -< 25 microg / L, >or=25 microg / L. Using repeated measurement models (Generalized Estimation Equation), we estimated the adjusted mean birth weight controlling for gender, birth order, gestational age, date of delivery as well as maternal age, height, education, and smoking status.We identified 168 offspring who were born after 1968 and had maternal exposure information. We found a reduced birth weight for the offspring of mothers who had a PCB concentration >or=25 microg / L (adjusted birth weight = 2,958 g, p = 0.022). This group, however, was comprised of only seven observations. The association was not reduced when we excluded preterm deliveries. The birth weight of offspring was increased in women with higher DDE concentrations when controlling for PCBs; however, this association was not statistically significant.Our results contribute to the body of evidence that high maternal serum PCB concentration may reduce the birth weight in offspring. However, only a small proportion of mothers may actually be exposed to PCB concentrations >or=25 microg / L.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Animals | Biomarkers/blood | Birth Weight/majr/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Female | Great Lakes Region/epidemiology | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Maternal Age | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Michigan | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Pregnancy | Seafood/majr/toxicity | Sex Distribution | Surveys and Questionnaires | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-3-1\",\"10.1186/1476-069X-3-1\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069X-3-1"},"3","1","1","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D015415:Biomarkers|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14646280\",\"14646280\")","v":"14646280"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Systemic effects of orally administered p, p'-DDE on immature male Wistar rats during pubertal period.",0,0,"Makita Y, Matsuura T, Ogata R, Romero Y, Omura M, Tanaka A, Hirata M, Inoue N","Journal of occupational health","Systemic effects of orally administered p, p'-DDE on immature male Wistar rats during pubertal period.    ABSTRACT:  Systemic effects of p, p'-DDE (1, 1-dichloro-2, 2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene; DDE) on immature male rats were investigated in pubertal Wistar rats after oral administration of DDE. Special rat chow containing 125 ppm DDE (approximately 10 mg/kg DDE) had been administered daily for 42 d since 6 wk of age and its effects had been observed until 12 wk of age. The administration of DDE did not produce any overt signs of toxicity. Neither physical development nor sexual maturation was affected, and serum biochemistry was not impaired at the dose used in this experiment. Moreover, the male reproductive organs and epididymal sperm count were not affected by the administration of DDE during the pubertal period. Our results showed that even immature male rats were resistant to DDE exposure at the daily dose of ca. 10 mg/kg, but metabolic and immunological changes still remained uncertain. Further investigation should be conducted to reveal all the effects of DDE on immature male rats.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Administration, Oral | Aging/physiology | Analysis of Variance | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Male | Rats | Rats, Wistar",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.45.223\",\"10.1539/joh.45.223\")","v":"10.1539/joh.45.223"},"45","4","223-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14638302\",\"14638302\")","v":"14638302"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Organochlorine concentrations in diseased vs. healthy gull chicks from the northern Baltic.",0,0,"Hario M, Hirvi JP, Hollmén T, Rudbäck E","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Organochlorine concentrations in diseased vs. healthy gull chicks from the northern Baltic.    ABSTRACT:  The population decline of the nominate lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus fuscus in the Gulf of Finland (northern Baltic) is caused by an exceedingly high chick mortality due to diseases. The chick diseases include degeneration in various internal organs (primarily liver), inflammations (mainly intestinal), and sepsis, the final cause of death. The hypothesis of starvation causing intestinal inflammations (leading to sepsis) was tested by attempting to reproduce lesions in apparently healthy herring gull L. argentatus chicks in captivity. The herring gull chicks were provided a similar low food-intake frequency as observed for the diseased chicks in the wild. However, empty alimentary tract per se did not induce the intestinal inflammations and therefore, inflammations seem to be innate or caused by other environmental factors in the diseased lesser black-backed chicks. They had very high concentrations of PCB in their liver; but the concentrations were not significantly higher than those of the healthy herring gull chicks, indicating a common exposure area for both species (i.e. the Baltic Sea). When compared to NOEL and LOEL values for TEQs in bird eggs our TEQ levels clearly exceed most or all of the values associated with effects. Compared with published data on fish-eating waterbirds, the DDE concentrations in the diseased lesser black-backed chicks were well above the levels previously correlated with decreased reproduction, while the residues in apparently healthy herring gulls were below those levels. The DDE/PCB ratio in lesser black-backs was significantly elevated, indicating an increased exposure to DDTs as compared with most other Baltic and circumpolar seabirds. The possible exposure areas of DDT in relation to differential migration habits of the two gull species are discussed.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Bird Diseases/majr/chemically induced/etiology/mortality | Birds | Body Burden | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/poisoning | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis/poisoning | Finland | Insecticides/majr/analysis/poisoning | Liver/chemistry | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/poisoning | Reproduction | Seawater/majr | Starvation",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.008\",\"10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.008\")","v":"10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.008"},"127","3","411-23","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14630525\",\"14630525\")","v":"14630525"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Effects of simultaneous administration of tributyltin (TBT) and p,p(')-DDE on female offspring of Wistar rats.",0,0,"Makita Y, Tanaka A, Omura M, Ogata R","Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A","Effects of simultaneous administration of tributyltin (TBT) and p,p(')-DDE on female offspring of Wistar rats.    ABSTRACT:  p,p(')-DDE (DDE) and tributyltin (TBT) occur globally and in Japan were shown to bioaccumulate in marine products, thus serving as a source of contamination in the mammalian food chain. Consequently, fetuses and neonates, through maternal ingestion, may be exposed to DDE and TBT. Therefore, the effects of combined DDE and TBT were investigated in female Wistar rat offspring of dams ingesting these two contaminants. In this study, TBT suppressed the growth of female offspring and delayed eye opening. However, both growth retardation and delayed eye opening produced by TBT failed to occur in the presence of DDE. These results indicated that TBT or DDE affected the development of female rat offspring following maternal exposure and simultaneous administration of DDE prevented some of the observed effects of TBT through a mechanism that remains to be elucidated.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Trialkyltin Compounds|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|tributyltin MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Female | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Maternal Exposure | Organ Size | Ovary/drug effects | Pregnancy | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Trialkyltin Compounds/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Uterus/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/716100642\",\"10.1080/716100642\")","v":"10.1080/716100642"},"66","24","2337-47","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C011559:tributyltin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12948891\",\"12948891\")","v":"12948891"},0,0,0,0,2003,"The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1241654\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Hauser R, Chen Z, Pothier L, Ryan L, Altshul L","Environmental health perspectives","The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  Scientific and public concern exists about potential reproductive health effects of persistent chlorinated organic chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE, the most stable daughter compound of DDT). To explore the hypothesis that environmental exposures to PCBs and DDE are associated with altered semen parameters, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 212 male partners of subfertile couples who presented to the Massachusetts General Hospital Andrology Laboratory. Semen parameters were analyzed as both a continuous measure and dichotomized based on World Health Organization reference values for sperm concentration (< 20 million/mL), motility (< 50% motile), and Kruger strict criteria for morphology (< 4% normal). The comparison group for the dichotomized analysis was men with all three semen parameters above the reference values. In serum, 57 PCB congeners and p,p -DDE were measured by congener-specific analysis using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. There were dose-response relationships among PCB-138 and sperm motility (odds ratio per tertile, adjusted for age, abstinence, and smoking, and p-value for trend were, respectively, 1.00, 1.68, 2.35, and p-value = 0.03) and morphology (1.00, 1.36, 2.53, p-value = 0.04). There was limited evidence of an inverse relationship between sum of PCBs, as well as those PCBs classified as cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers, with sperm motility and sperm morphology, as well as limited evidence of an inverse association between p,p -DDE and sperm motility. The lack of a consistent relationship among semen parameters and other individual PCB congeners and groupings of congeners may indicate a difference in spermatotoxicity between congeners.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Humans | Infertility, Male/etiology | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Middle Aged | Odds Ratio | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Sperm Count/majr | Sperm Motility/majr | Spermatozoa/pathology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6175\",\"10.1289/ehp.6175\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.6175"},"111","12","1505-11","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12854507\",\"12854507\")","v":"12854507"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Systemic toxicity of p,p'-DDE in aged male Wistar rats following oral administration.",0,0,"Makita Y, Matsuura T, Ogata R, Omura M, Tanaka A, Hirata M, Inoue N","Fukuoka igaku zasshi = Hukuoka acta medica","Systemic toxicity of p,p'-DDE in aged male Wistar rats following oral administration.    ABSTRACT:  Systemic toxicity of p,p'-DDE (DDE) in aged male rats was investigated in Wistar rats by oral administration of DDE. About 10 mg/kg DDE had been daily administered for 28 days from 48 weeks to 52 weeks of age and its effects were observed subsequently. The administration of DDE did not give rise to any overt signs of toxicity. Male reproductive organs were not affected and serum biochemistry was not impaired at the dose of this experiment. Organ weights of the liver and spleen slightly increased and the thymus weight reduced with DDE administration. Serum total cholesterol and free T4 levels slightly decreased with DDE administration, albeit statistically insignificant. Our results indicated that even aged male rats were resistant to DDE exposure at the daily dose of ca. 10 mg/kg. However, metabolic and immunological changes still remained uncertain. Further investigation should be performed to reveal the entire effects of DDE on aged male rats.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Administration, Oral | Aging/physiology | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Male | Rats | Rats, Wistar",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"94","4","59-65","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12842376\",\"12842376\")","v":"12842376"},0,0,0,0,2003,"DDT and DDE exposure in mothers and time to pregnancy in daughters.",0,0,"Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Wolff MS, Schwingl PJ, Cohen RD, Sholtz RI, Ferrara A, Christianson RE, van den Berg BJ, Siiteri PK","Lancet (London, England)","DDT and DDE exposure in mothers and time to pregnancy in daughters.    ABSTRACT:  Reproductive-tract anomalies after administration of the potent oestrogen, diethylstilboestrol, in pregnant women raised concerns about the reproductive effects of exposure to weakly oestrogenic environmental contaminants such as bis[4-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) or its metabolites, such as bis[4-chlorophenyl]-1,1-dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE). We measured p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in preserved maternal serum samples drawn 1-3 days after delivery between 1960 and 1963. We recorded time to pregnancy in 289 eldest daughters 28-31 years later. Daughters' probability of pregnancy fell by 32% per 10 microg/L p,p'-DDT in maternal serum (95% CI 11-48). By contrast, the probability of pregnancy increased 16% per 10 microg/L p,p'-DDE (6-27). The decreased fecundability associated with prenatal p,p'-DDT remains unexplained. We speculate that the antiandrogenic activity of p,p'-DDE may mitigate harmful androgen effects on the ovary during gestation or early life.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Androgen Antagonists/majr/pharmacology | DDT/majr/blood/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/pharmacology | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects | Female | Fertility/majr/drug effects | Humans | Infertility, Female/majr/chemically induced | Insecticides/majr/blood/pharmacology/toxicity | Maternal Exposure | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13776-2\",\"10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13776-2\")","v":"10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13776-2"},"361","9376","2205-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12782494\",\"12782494\")","v":"12782494"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Increased concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordanes in mothers of men with testicular cancer.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1241527\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Hardell L, van Bavel B, Lindström G, Carlberg M, Dreifaldt AC, Wijkström H, Starkhammar H, Eriksson M, Hallquist A, Kolmert T","Environmental health perspectives","Increased concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordanes in mothers of men with testicular cancer.    ABSTRACT:  An increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been reported from several countries in the Western world during the last decades. According to current hypothesis, testicular cancer is initiated during the fetal period, and exposure to endocrine disruptors, i.e., xenoestrogens, has been of concern. In this investigation we studied the concentrations of the sum of 38 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordanes, in 61 cases with testicular cancer and 58 age-matched controls. Furthermore, case and control mothers were also asked to participate, and 44 case mothers and 45 control mothers agreed. They were of similar age. In cases only the concentration on lipid basis of cis-nonachlordane was significantly increased, whereas case mothers showed significantly increased concentrations of the sum of PCBs, HCB, trans- and cis-nonachlordane, and the sum of chlordanes. Among case mothers the sum of PCBs yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-10 was calculated using the median concentration for the control mothers as cutoff value. For HCB, OR = 4.4 (95% CI, 1.7-12); for trans-nonachlordane, OR = 4.1 (95% CI, 1.5-11); for cis-nonachlordane, OR = 3.1 (95% CI, 1.2-7.8); and for sum of chlordanes, OR = 1.9 (95% CI, 0.7-5.0). No consistent different risk pattern was found for seminoma or nonseminoma testicular cancer.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chlordan|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Case-Control Studies | Chlordan/majr/analysis/poisoning | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/analysis/poisoning | Humans | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/poisoning | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Testicular Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5816\",\"10.1289/ehp.5816\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.5816"},"111","7","930-4","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002706:Chlordan|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12728113\",\"12728113\")","v":"12728113"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Breastfeeding, exposure to organochlorine compounds, and neurodevelopment in infants.",0,0,"Ribas-Fitó N, Cardo E, Sala M, Eulàlia de Muga M, Mazón C, Verdú A, Kogevinas M, Grimalt JO, Sunyer J","Pediatrics","Breastfeeding, exposure to organochlorine compounds, and neurodevelopment in infants.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) occurs both in utero and through breastfeeding. Levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) found in the cord serum of newborns from a population located in the vicinity of an electrochemical factory in Spain were among the highest ever reported. We studied the association between exposure to OCs and breastfeeding on neurodevelopment in the 1-year-old infants of this population.A birth cohort including 92 mother-infant pairs was recruited between 1997 and 1999 in 5 neighboring villages (84% of possible recruits). The mental and psychomotor development of each infant was assessed at 13 months using the Bayley and the Griffiths Scales of Infant Development. OCs were measured in cord serum.Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'DDE) cord serum levels were negatively associated with both mental and psychomotor development. For each doubling of a dose of p,p'DDE, we found a resultant decrease of 3.50 points (standard error: 1.39) on the mental scale and 4.01 points (standard error: 1.37) on the psychomotor scale. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls was only marginally associated with psychomotor development. Prenatal exposure to HCB had no effect on child neurodevelopment. Long-term breastfeeding was associated with better performance on both the mental and motor scales. Short-term breastfed infants with higher p,p'DDE levels in cord serum were associated with the lowest scores on both the mental and the psychomotor scales.Prenatal exposure to p,p'DDE was associated with a delay in mental and psychomotor development at 13 months. No association was found for exposure to HCB. Long-term breastfeeding was found to be beneficial to neurodevelopment, potentially counterbalancing the impact of exposure to these chemicals through breast milk.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Breast Feeding/majr/statistics & numerical data | Cohort Studies | Developmental Disabilities/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood/metabolism | Embryonic and Fetal Development/drug effects | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood/metabolism | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/physiology | Mental Disorders/chemically induced/epidemiology | Milk, Human/chemistry/metabolism | Pregnancy | Psychomotor Disorders/chemically induced/epidemiology | Regression Analysis",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.5.e580\",\"10.1542/peds.111.5.e580\")","v":"10.1542/peds.111.5.e580"},"111","5 Pt 1","e580-5","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12694628\",\"12694628\")","v":"12694628"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Decreased sex ratio following maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated Great Lakes sport-caught fish: a retrospective cohort study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC153540\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Weisskopf MG, Anderson HA, Hanrahan LP","Environmental health : a global access science source","Decreased sex ratio following maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated Great Lakes sport-caught fish: a retrospective cohort study.    ABSTRACT:  Fish from the Great Lakes are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, which have been found to have several adverse reproductive effects. Several environmental contaminants have been found to alter the sex ratio of offspring at birth, but the evidence of such an effect of polychlorinated biphenyls has been inconsistent.We examined parental serum polychlorinated biphenyl concentration in relation to the sex ratio of 173 children of mothers and 208 children of fathers from the Great Lakes region of the United States between 1970 and 1995. We calculated odds ratios for a male child using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations with adjustment for the year of birth of the child, maternal and paternal age, the mother's parity at the child's birth, and whether the child had an older brother.The adjusted odds ratio for having a male child among mothers in the highest quintile of serum polychlorinated biphenyl concentration was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.06-0.59) compared to mothers in the lowest quintile. Treating exposure as a continuous variable, the adjusted odds ratio for having a male child was 0.54 per unit increase in the natural log of maternal serum polychlorinated biphenyl concentration (95% CI: 0.33-0.89). There was little evidence of an association with paternal exposure. We found no association between either maternal or paternal serum dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethene concentration and the sex ratio.These findings suggest that maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls may decrease the sex ratio of offspring. These data add to the growing body of evidence that exposure to particular chemicals can alter the sex ratio at birth.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Birth Weight/drug effects | Child | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/pharmacology | Female | Fish Products/majr/analysis/toxicity | Food Contamination/majr | Great Lakes Region/epidemiology | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/blood/pharmacology | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Odds Ratio | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/pharmacology | Pregnancy | Regression Analysis | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Sex Ratio/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-2-2\",\"10.1186/1476-069x-2-2\")","v":"10.1186/1476-069x-2-2"},"2","1","2","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12648476\",\"12648476\")","v":"12648476"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Dietary and reproductive determinants of plasma organochlorine levels in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro.",0,0,"Sarcinelli PN, Pereira AC, Mesquita SA, Oliveira-Silva JJ, Meyer A, Menezes MA, Alves SR, Mattos RC, Moreira JC, Wolff M","Environmental research","Dietary and reproductive determinants of plasma organochlorine levels in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine (OC) plasma levels and their dietary and reproductive determinants were investigated in 64 pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Prenatal exposure of newborns was evaluated in a subset of these women in which umbilical cord blood was analyzed. To assess the influence of dietary factors on OC levels, a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was completed by participants. Nondietary determinants were investigated through a general questionnaire that addressed reproductive history, lifestyle, and social-demographic characteristics. Both women and their newborns had detectable but low levels of OCs. The most frequently detected compound was p,p'-DDE, the main metabolite of p,p'-DDT. This compound was found in 97% of the women who participated in the study and in 67% of the umbilical cord blood samples, with levels ranging from 0.161 to 8.03ppb and from 0.320 to 1.06ppb, respectively. Among the OCs detected, only p,p'-DDE showed any correlation with dietary and nondietary factors. There was a positive correlation between maternal p,p'-DDE and the consumption of fish (Pearson r=0.38,P=0.002) and chicken (Pearson r=0.26, P=0.042). The correlation between pork consumption and p,p'-DDE exhibited an inverse relationship (Pearson r=-0.25,P=0.052). Parity was the only nondietary factor that showed a significant correlation (Pearson r=-0.36,P=0.004). The main determinants of p,p'-DDE levels in this group of women were fish consumption and parity, together explaining 28% of the variance (P<001), in a multivariate model.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Animals | Brazil/epidemiology | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Diet/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Food Contamination | Humans | Insecticides/majr/blood | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Meat | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Surveys and Questionnaires",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00053-1\",\"10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00053-1\")","v":"10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00053-1"},"91","3","143-50","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12604158\",\"12604158\")","v":"12604158"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Preterm birth in relation to maternal organochlorine serum levels.",0,0,"Torres-Arreola L, Berkowitz G, Torres-Sánchez L, López-Cervantes M, Cebrián ME, Uribe M, López-Carrillo L","Annals of epidemiology","Preterm birth in relation to maternal organochlorine serum levels.    ABSTRACT:  To evaluate the associations of serum levels of p,pacute;-DDE and two other persistent organochlorine pesticides, beta-HCH and HCB, in relation to preterm birth.During 1995 we performed a case-cohort study and 233 mothers were recruited at three large maternity hospitals in Mexico City. Serum levels were obtained shortly after delivery.A non-significant increased risk of preterm birth in relation to serum p,p'-DDE levels was observed. There was also a suggestion of an increased risk of preterm birth among women in the highest tertile of beta-HCH (adjusted odds ratio 1.85, 95% CI = 0.94-3.66, p value for test of trend p = 0.08) compared with the lowest tertile. No association was found between HCB serum levels and preterm births.These findings suggest that p,pacute;-DDE and other organochlorine pesticides may pose a risk to preterm birth in countries that continue to use such insecticides for malaria control.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Insect Control | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Malaria/prevention & control | Obstetric Labor, Premature/majr/epidemiology/etiology | Odds Ratio | Pregnancy | Risk Assessment",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00424-6\",\"10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00424-6\")","v":"10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00424-6"},"13","3","158-62","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12558169\",\"12558169\")","v":"12558169"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Associations between regional differences in polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in blood of nestling bald eagles and reproductive productivity.",0,0,"Bowerman WW, Best DA, Giesy OP, Shieldcastle MC, Meyer MW, Postupalsky S, Sikarskie JG","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Associations between regional differences in polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in blood of nestling bald eagles and reproductive productivity.    ABSTRACT:  The relationship between regional reproduction rates of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and concentrations of p.p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood plasma from nestling bald eagles was assessed. Blood was analyzed from 309 nestlings from 10 subpopulations of eagles across the Great Lakes region. Geometric mean concentrations of p,p'-DDE and total PCBs were inversely correlated to the productivity and success rates of nesting bald eagles within nine subpopulations. Nestlings eight weeks of age and older had significantly greater geometric mean concentrations of total PCBs and p,p'-DDE than nestlings less than eight weeks of age. The ability to use measurements of p,p'-DDE and total PCBs in nestling blood to determine the potential impact of these contaminants on adult nesting on a regional scale was demonstrated.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Age Factors | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/blood/toxicity | Eagles/majr/blood/growth & development | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/blood/toxicity | Great Lakes Region | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/blood/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"22","2","371-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12374047\",\"12374047\")","v":"12374047"},0,0,0,0,2002,"The role of DDE, PCB, coplanar PCB and eggshell parameters for reproduction in the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden.",0,0,"Helander B, Olsson A, Bignert A, Asplund L, Litzén K","Ambio","The role of DDE, PCB, coplanar PCB and eggshell parameters for reproduction in the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden.    ABSTRACT:  The reproduction of white-tailed sea eagles was monitored in 1964-1999 in 3 differently contaminated sub-populations: Baltic Sea coast (Bp), inland central Sweden (Ip) and Lapland (Lp). 249 dead eggs from 205 clutches were obtained for analyses of DDE and PCBs and for eggshell measurements. A desiccation index (Di) value was calculated for each egg as a measure of water loss through the shell. In the highly contaminated Bp, p,p'-DDE concentrations in the eggs decreased continuously and 5-fold during the study period and PCB concentrations decreased 3-fold from the mid 1980s. The PCB pattern changed slightly over time towards more high-chlorinated congeners but the relative toxicity of the PCB mixture, expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQ), remained constant and TEQ can be assumed to have decreased in a similar way as PCB over time. Productivity (P), shell thickness (St), shell index (Si) and Di increased over time in the Bp but no change in Di or productivity occurred in the Lp, where residue concentrations were 5-8 times lower. P of the Bp was not correlated to St or Si but was negatively correlated to Di, DDE and PCB. An S-shaped dose-response relationship was indicated between P and DDE. After 1988, when the PCB/DDE ratio was considerably higher than previously, PCB but not DDE concentrations were significantly higher in eggs with dead embryos as compared to undeveloped eggs, implying lethal concentrations of PCB, and a LOEL of 320 pg g-1 TEQ is suggested for embryo mortality. In a subset of 21 eggs, representing productive and unproductive females, analyzed for a selection of coplanar PCB congeners, tris(4-chlorophenyl) methanol and bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulphone, there was no evidence for a correlation between P and any of these compounds. A reduction in residue concentrations in old females did not lead to increased P or improved Di-values, indicating a remaining effect from a previous, higher exposure to contaminants. The inability to reproduce included a high rate of undeveloped eggs, indicating effects at a prezygotic stage. P showed the strongest correlation with Di, and Di was most strongly correlated to DDE. Thus, the remaining effect of previous exposure resulted in a stronger correlation to the symptom (Di) rather than to the suggested causative agent (DDE). LOEL values for depressed P were estimated at 120 micrograms g-1 DDE and 500 micrograms g-1 PCB (lipid basis). It is concluded that the major reason for depressed P during the study period was DDE, but that effects also from PCB were largely concealed by the effects from DDE.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Eggs | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Female | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects | Population Dynamics | Raptors/majr | Reproduction/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.5.386\",\"10.1579/0044-7447-31.5.386\")","v":"10.1579/0044-7447-31.5.386"},"31","5","386-403","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12233802\",\"12233802\")","v":"12233802"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Lipophil-mediated reduction of toxicants in humans: an evaluation of an ayurvedic detoxification procedure.",0,0,"Herron RE, Fagan JB","Alternative therapies in health and medicine","Lipophil-mediated reduction of toxicants in humans: an evaluation of an ayurvedic detoxification procedure.    ABSTRACT:  Lipophilic toxicants have been associated with hormone disruption, immune system suppression, reproductive disorders, several types of cancer, and other diseases. Due to environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, body burdens of certain toxicants, such as dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), appear to be a health risk despite the toxicants' having been banned for decades.To determine whether a safe, standardized, Ayurvedic detoxification procedure can mobilize lipid-soluble toxicants and stimulate their excretion.Cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluations.Southeastern Iowa.In the cross-sectional study, 48 participants who had undertaken lipophil-mediated detoxification were compared with 40 control subjects. In the prospective, longitudinal evaluation, serum levels were measured in 15 subjects before and after they underwent the detoxification procedure. These 15 subjects served as their own controls.Ayurvedic lipophil-mediated detoxification procedure.Gas chromatographic analysis of 17 serum toxicant levels (9 PCB congeners and 8 pesticides or metabolites) on a lipid-adjusted and wet-weight basis (ng/g) as parts per billion.In the cross-sectional study, gas chromatographic analysis of 9 PCB congeners and 8 pesticides revealed that serum PCB levels were significantly lower in the detoxification subjects than in controls. Trans-nonachlor (TNC), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), oxychlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) levels were also markedly lower in the detoxification group. All subjects had undetectable levels of p,p'-DDT, lindane, and a-hexachlorocyclohexane (a-HCH). Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) levels were significantly higher in detoxification subjects than in controls. In the longitudinal evaluation, after treatment, mean levels of PCBs (46%) and beta-HCH (58%) declined significantly in the subjects.The higher beta-HCH levels in the subjects in the longitudinal study appear to be an anomaly related to diet. The results of the 2 studies generally suggest that lipophil-mediated detoxification may be effective in reducing body burdens of fat-soluble toxicants. As numerous people worldwide are at risk from high body burdens of such lipid-soluble agents, further studies to evaluate this procedure appear warranted.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Case-Control Studies | Chromatography, Gas | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Female | Humans | Inactivation, Metabolic/majr | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Iowa | Lipid Metabolism/majr | Longitudinal Studies | Male | Medicine, Ayurvedic/majr | Middle Aged | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Prospective Studies | Solubility | Time Factors | Treatment Outcome",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"8","5","40-51","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12149491\",\"12149491\")","v":"12149491"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Association of hexachlorobenzene and other organochlorine compounds with anthropometric measures at birth.",0,0,"Ribas-Fitó N, Sala M, Cardo E, Mazón C, De Muga ME, Verdú A, Marco E, Grimalt JO, Sunyer J","Pediatric research","Association of hexachlorobenzene and other organochlorine compounds with anthropometric measures at birth.    ABSTRACT:  The aim of the present study was to assess the association of prenatal exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and other organochlorine compounds with anthropometric measures at birth. A total of 98 mother-infant pairs (83% of all children born in a specific area polluted with HCB in the period 1997-1999) were recruited after giving written consent. Levels of organochlorine compounds were measured in 72 maternal serum samples at delivery and in 70 cord serum samples. Of the organochlorines measured in cord serum, median levels of HCB were higher than for the other compounds (median of HCB = 1.13 ng/mL, median of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene = 0.85 ng/mL, and median of total polychlorinated biphenyls = 0.27 ng/mL). Premature newborns had higher concentrations of HCB [1.94 ng/mL among prematures versus 1.10 among nonprematures (p < 0.10)], dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene [2.40 versus 0.80 (p < 0.05)], and polychlorinated biphenyls in cord serum [0.70 versus 0.14 (p < 0.10)]. Those infants born with a small length for gestational age had higher levels of HCB in cord serum than those with an adequate length for gestational age [1.64 ng/mL versus 1.00 ng/mL (p < 0.05)]. In addition, HCB cord serum levels were negatively associated in a dose-response way with crown-heel length [for each doubling of the dose there was a decrease of 0.46 (SE = 0.22) cm] after adjusting for smoking, gestational age, and other organochlorine compounds. The associations of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls with length were not significant. The results did not vary when stratified for prematurity. These data suggest that HCB reduces intrauterine physical linear growth.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Fungicides, Industrial|Hexachlorobenzene MeSH:  | Adult | Birth Weight/drug effects | Body Height/drug effects | Cohort Studies | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Fetal Blood | Fungicides, Industrial/majr/adverse effects/blood | Gestational Age | Head | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200208000-00006\",\"10.1203/00006450-200208000-00006\")","v":"10.1203/00006450-200208000-00006"},"52","2","163-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D005659:Fungicides, Industrial|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12051791\",\"12051791\")","v":"12051791"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Is DDT exposure during fetal period and breast-feeding associated with neurological impairment?",0,0,"Hardell L, Lindström G, Van Bavel B","Environmental research","Is DDT exposure during fetal period and breast-feeding associated with neurological impairment?    ABSTRACT:  The concentration of certain persistent organic pollutants was determined in a family including both parents and one son with neurological impairment suggested to be Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). For comparison control subjects from other ongoing studies were used. They were of the same sex and age group as the respective family member. For polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordanes similar results were found in the study groups. The concentration of DDE, the main metabolite of DDT, was increased in the mother, 782 ng/g lipid, compared with mean 403, median 259 (range 51-1354) for the female controls. Also, the son had an increased concentration of 259 ng/g lipid, compared with mean 104, median 72 (range 46-349) for controls. A low concentration was found in the father, 127 ng/g lipid. As a child and as a teenager to the age of 17, the mother was exposed to DDT in her home environment. We discuss the potential of fetal and breast-feeding exposure of the son. Neurodevelopmental impairment has been reported for dioxins and PCBs, but DDT seems to have been less investigated in this respect.(c) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Chlordan|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/majr/blood/diagnosis/etiology | Breast Feeding/majr/adverse effects | Chlordan/blood | DDT/majr/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Hexachlorobenzene/blood | Humans | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Reference Values",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2002.4337\",\"10.1006/enrs.2002.4337\")","v":"10.1006/enrs.2002.4337"},"88","3","141-4","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002706:Chlordan|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12045882\",\"12045882\")","v":"12045882"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Levels of environmental contaminants in human follicular fluid, serum, and seminal plasma of couples undergoing in vitro fertilization.",0,0,"Younglai EV, Foster WG, Hughes EG, Trim K, Jarrell JF","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Levels of environmental contaminants in human follicular fluid, serum, and seminal plasma of couples undergoing in vitro fertilization.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental chemicals are thought to adversely affect human reproductive function, however there are no studies that have explored the association between failed fertilization and exposure of both partners to environmental contaminants. Therefore, we collected blood and follicular fluid from the female partner and seminal plasma from the male partner of 21 couples attending an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program, in order to determine the extent of the existence of environmental chemicals in these fluids. Any relationship to the outcome of IVF was also considered. Sera and fluids were analysed for a variety of contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, cotinine, and the steroids progesterone and estradiol. Of the couples examined, 18 had fertilizations, three of whom became pregnant. There were no fertilizations in three other couples. The contaminants most frequently found in follicular fluid, more than 50% of the samples tested, were p,p'-DDE, mirex, hexachloroethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, PCB 49, PCB 153, and PCB 180. Cadmium was detected in eight of 21 (38.1%) samples of follicular fluid whereas cotinine was detected in 18 (85.7%). Residue levels of p,p'-DDE, endosulfan I, PCB 99, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180 were quantified in more than 50% of the sera samples examined. Seminal plasma was relatively free of pollutants with mirex being the most frequently detected contaminant found in seven of 21 (33.3%) samples. Mirex could not be detected in the seminal plasma of the husbands whose partner's oocytes failed to fertilize whereas significant levels of mirex were found in the seminal plasma of all couples who had a pregnancy. Cadmium was also found in the follicular fluid of these pregnant subjects. No relationship was found between follicular fluid cotinine in pregnant and non-pregnant subjects. Where identical contaminants were found in both sera and follicular fluids, the levels were about twofold higher in serum and were positively correlated in both fluids. Fertilization was negatively correlated with serum and follicular fluid p,p'-DDE whereas pregnancy was positively correlated with follicular fluid PCB 49. These data reveal that more than 50% of the population of women attending a fertility program have had exposure to environmental chemicals sufficient to produce detectable concentrations in their serum and ovarian follicular fluid. Of the chemical contaminants detected in the serum and follicular fluid of these women, p,p'-DDE was the most frequently detected, had the highest residue levels, and was associated with failed fertilization.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Fertilization | Fertilization in Vitro | Humans | Infertility, Female/majr/etiology | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Mass Screening | Ovarian Follicle/majr/chemistry | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome | Semen/majr/chemistry | Sex Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0048-8\",\"10.1007/s00244-001-0048-8\")","v":"10.1007/s00244-001-0048-8"},"43","1","121-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934530\",\"11934530\")","v":"11934530"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Effects of nonylphenol, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), and pentachlorophenol on the adult female guinea pig reproductive tract.",0,0,"Danzo BJ, Shappell HW, Banerjee A, Hachey DL","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Effects of nonylphenol, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), and pentachlorophenol on the adult female guinea pig reproductive tract.    ABSTRACT:  The guinea pig exhibits cyclic and luteal similarities to the human, a feature not present in other small experimental animals such as rats, mice, or rabbits. Studies were undertaken to investigate the in vivo effects of three persistent environmental xenobiotics (nonylphenol, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene [p,p'-DDE], and pentachlorophenol) on the microanatomy of the adult female guinea pig reproductive system. The effects brought about by these compounds (40 mg/kg/day) were compared to those caused by the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES; 50 microg/kg/day). Adult female guinea pigs, intact and castrated, were treated with 14 daily subcutaneous (s.c.) doses of one of these agents. The 50% decline in the weight of the tract that occurred following castration, was prevented by administration of nonylphenol, p,p'-DDE, and DES, but not of pentachlorophenol. Nonylphenol produced weak estrogenic stimulation of the tract of intact animals and maintained a relatively normal histologic appearance in castrated animals. Focal mucinous metaplasia of the endometrium, however, was observed in both groups. Treatment of intact and castrated animals with p,p'-DDE resulted in cystic hyperplasia and mucinous metaplasia of the endometrium, hyperplasia of the cervical epithelium, estrogenic stimulation of the vagina, and dilation of the rete ovarii. Treatment of intact or castrated animals with DES resulted in effects that were qualitatively similar to those caused by p,p'-DDE. The appearance of the vaginal epithelium, however, was abnormal and the rete ovarii were less dilated. Pentachlorophenol had minimal effect on the histology of the tract of castrated or intact animals. These data support our hypothesis that some environmental toxicants can substitute for estradiol in regulating the microanatomy of the female reproductive tract. They indicate the potential of these compounds to act as endocrine disrupting agents.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Estrogen Receptor Modulators|Phenols|Receptors, Estrogen|Xenobiotics|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Diethylstilbestrol|nonylphenol|Pentachlorophenol MeSH:  | Animals | Castration | Cervix Uteri/pathology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Diethylstilbestrol/toxicity | Endometrium/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Epithelium/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Estradiol/metabolism | Estrogen Receptor Modulators/majr/toxicity | Female | Genital Diseases, Female/chemically induced/metabolism/pathology | Genitalia, Female/majr/drug effects | Guinea Pigs | Hyperplasia/chemically induced | Metaplasia/chemically induced | Organ Size/drug effects | Pentachlorophenol/majr/toxicity | Phenols/majr/toxicity | Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism | Vagina/pathology | Xenobiotics/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00194-0\",\"10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00194-0\")","v":"10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00194-0"},"16","1","29-43","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators|D010636:Phenols|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|D015262:Xenobiotics|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D004054:Diethylstilbestrol|C025256:nonylphenol|D010416:Pentachlorophenol|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11916037\",\"11916037\")","v":"11916037"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Organochlorine pesticide contamination in grassland-nesting passerines that breed in North America.",0,0,"Bartuszevige AM, Capparella AP, Harper RG, Frick JA, Criley B, Doty K, Erhart E","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Organochlorine pesticide contamination in grassland-nesting passerines that breed in North America.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine pesticides and metabolites were measured in grassland-nesting passerines that breed in North America. We also examined testes of male birds for abnormalities that may have resulted from pesticide exposure. Forty-four of 99 individuals contained one or more organochlorine pesticides above the detection limit, representing nine of 10 species. The most prevalent compound detected was p,p'-DDE (minimum-maximum levels: 7.55-285.85 ng/g, carcass concentration). Insectivorous birds had significantly higher levels of p,p'-DDE than both omnivores and granivores. Birds that frequented moist grassland habitats had significantly higher levels of p,p'-DDE than those that frequented drier grassland habitats. No evidence of feminization was observed in any of the testes analyzed, however, other endpoint effects of contamination (e.g. hormone levels and immunological parameters) should be investigated in future studies.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/pharmacokinetics | Diet/majr | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Insecticides/majr/analysis/pharmacokinetics | Male | North America | Pesticide Residues/majr/analysis | Reproduction | Songbirds/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00272-x\",\"10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00272-x\")","v":"10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00272-x"},"117","2","225-32","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11856573\",\"11856573\")","v":"11856573"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Exposure of juvenile guppies to three antiandrogens causes demasculinization and a reduced sperm count in adult males.",0,0,"Bayley M, Junge M, Baatrup E","Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","Exposure of juvenile guppies to three antiandrogens causes demasculinization and a reduced sperm count in adult males.    ABSTRACT:  It has been thoroughly established that the fungicide vinclozolin and the persistent DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE, can function as antiandrogens in mammals in a manner similar to the therapeutic antiandrogen flutamide. In mammals, these chemicals bind the androgen receptor and prevent the transcription of the associated genes causing abnormal sexual development and demasculinization. There are few similar studies in fish and so far it has not been demonstrated that these chemicals have any antiandrogenic effects in this group. In the present study, juvenile guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were fed sublethal doses of vinclozolin, p,p'-DDE or flutamide from birth to adulthood. At sexual maturity, we measured a suite of male sexual characteristics that are known to be under androgen control. All three chemicals caused a reduction in the orange display coloration, inhibited gonopodium development, reduced the sperm count and suppressed courtship behaviour, in a manner consistent with antiandrogen action. Only the gonodosomatic index was unaffected by the treatments. In addition, the three chemicals skewed the sex ratio at adulthood and caused delayed maturation. The altered characters are all considered to be important for male mating success and their impairment indicates that antiandrogens may seriously compromise male reproductive fitness.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Fungicides, Industrial|Insecticides|Oxazoles|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide|vinclozolin MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Female | Flutamide/toxicity | Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity | Insecticides/toxicity | Male | Oxazoles/toxicity | Poecilia/majr/physiology | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Sex Characteristics | Sex Ratio | Sexual Behavior, Animal/majr/drug effects | Sexual Maturation/majr/drug effects | Sperm Count/veterinary | Spermatogenesis/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00210-7\",\"10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00210-7\")","v":"10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00210-7"},"56","4","227-39","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D005659:Fungicides, Industrial|D007306:Insecticides|D010080:Oxazoles|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|C025643:vinclozolin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11836195\",\"11836195\")","v":"11836195"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Maternal serum level of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and risk of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia among male offspring.",0,0,"Longnecker MP, Klebanoff MA, Brock JW, Zhou H, Gray KA, Needham LL, Wilcox AJ","American journal of epidemiology","Maternal serum level of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and risk of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia among male offspring.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) is a metabolite of the insecticide 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Nearly everyone in the United States has a detectable serum level of DDE. DDE was recently found to inhibit binding of androgen to its receptor and to block androgen action in rodents. Normal development of male genitalia in mammals depends on androgen action. The authors used stored serum samples to examine the relation between maternal DDE levels during pregnancy and adjusted odds of cryptorchidism (n = 219), hypospadias (n = 199), and polythelia (extra nipples) (n = 167) among male offspring, using a nested case-control design with one control group (n = 552). Subjects were selected from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a US birth cohort study begun in 1959-1966, when DDE levels were much higher than they are at present. Compared with boys whose mother's recovery-adjusted serum DDE level was less than 21.4 microg/liter, boys with maternal levels greater than or equal to 85.6 microg/liter had adjusted odds ratios of 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 2.4) for crypt-orchidism, 1.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 2.4) for hypospadias, and 1.9 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.0) for polythelia. For cryptorchidism and polythelia, the results were consistent with a modest-to-moderate association, but in no instance was the estimate very precise. The results were inconclusive.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgens|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adult | Androgens/pharmacology | Case-Control Studies | Cohort Studies | Cryptorchidism/majr/etiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Humans | Hypospadias/majr/etiology | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr | Nipples/majr/abnormalities | Odds Ratio | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications/majr/etiology | Risk Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.4.313\",\"10.1093/aje/155.4.313\")","v":"10.1093/aje/155.4.313"},"155","4","313-22","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000728:Androgens|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738522\",\"11738522\")","v":"11738522"},0,0,0,0,2001,"The diverse mechanism of action of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and methoxychlor in ovarian cells in vitro.",0,0,"Chedrese PJ, Feyles F","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","The diverse mechanism of action of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and methoxychlor in ovarian cells in vitro.    ABSTRACT:  Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the most stable metabolite of the organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and the DDT analog methoxychlor can have adverse effects on reproduction. These chemicals have been identified as having estrogenic activity. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), methoxychlor, and estradiol-17 beta on steroidogenesis and FSH responsiveness in ovarian cells in vitro. Experiments were performed on a primary culture of porcine granulosa cells and a culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the latter stably transfected with the FSH receptor (CHO-FSH-R). DDE (10 microM) and estradiol-17 beta (0.1 microM) but not methoxychlor (10 microM), increased proliferation of the granulosa cells. DDE (100 and 10 microM, respectively) decreased FSH-stimulated cAMP synthesis in the granulosa and CHO-FSH-R cells. DDE also decreased progesterone synthesis in the granulosa cells. Methoxychlor (10 microM) inhibited progesterone synthesis in the granulosa cells, but it did not affect the generation of cAMP in either type of cells studied. However, methoxychlor inhibited estradiol-17 beta-stimulated progesterone synthesis in the granulosa cells. We conclude that DDE primarily inhibited the generation of cAMP, while methoxychlor suppressed progesterone synthesis through a mechanism distal to cAMP generation. The present results indicate that DDE and methoxychlor are not limited to a mimicking of the endocrine effects of estradiol-17 beta in cultured ovarian cells. Therefore, a non-estrogenic component of the endocrine disrupting activities of DDE and methoxychlor must be considered in evaluating their reproductive toxicity.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hormone Antagonists|Insecticides|Progesterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Follicle Stimulating Hormone|Cyclic AMP|Methoxychlor MeSH:  | Animals | CHO Cells | Cricetinae | Cricetulus | Cyclic AMP/biosynthesis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Estradiol/pharmacology | Female | Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology | Granulosa Cells/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Hormone Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Methoxychlor/majr/toxicity | Progesterone/biosynthesis | Swine",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00172-1\",\"10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00172-1\")","v":"10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00172-1"},"15","6","693-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006727:Hormone Antagonists|D007306:Insecticides|D011374:Progesterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone|D000242:Cyclic AMP|D008731:Methoxychlor|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11675272\",\"11675272\")","v":"11675272"},0,0,0,0,2001,"Antiandrogenic pesticides disrupt sexual characteristics in the adult male guppy Poecilia reticulata.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1242084\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Baatrup E, Junge M","Environmental health perspectives","Antiandrogenic pesticides disrupt sexual characteristics in the adult male guppy Poecilia reticulata.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental contaminants have been identified as endocrine disruptors through their antiandrogenic activity. Thus, as androgen receptor antagonists, the fungicide vinclozolin and the principal DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE have been demonstrated to induce demasculinization in rats. Whether this is also the case in fish remains to be demonstrated. For a period of 30 days, groups of adult male guppies were exposed to vinclozolin, p,p'-DDE, or the therapeutic antiandrogen flutamide (used as positive control) applied to the fodder at concentrations between 0.1 and 100 microg/g fodder. Subsequently, sexual characteristics of relevance to the male reproductive capacity were measured and compared with untreated control fish. All three chemicals caused profound alterations at increasing levels of biological organization, even in these fully matured males. At the cellular level, the three compounds induced a significant reduction in the number of ejaculated sperm cells. At the organ level, the sexually attractive orange-yellow coloration was reduced in area and discolored, and treated fish also had smaller testes. Further, at the organismal level, computer-aided behavior analyses demonstrated a severe disruption in male courtship behavior. We conclude that this demasculinization is consistent with an antiandrogenic action of vinclozolin and p,p'-DDE and is likely to compromise reproductive capability in this fish.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Flutamide/pharmacology | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Male | Pigmentation | Poecilia/majr/physiology | Reproduction | Sex Characteristics/majr | Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects | Sperm Count",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.011091063\",\"10.1289/ehp.011091063\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.011091063"},"109","10","1063-70","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11556115\",\"11556115\")","v":"11556115"},0,0,0,0,2001,"The effects of low levels of pollutants on the reproduction of golden eagles in western Norway.",0,0,"Nygård T, Gjershaug JO","Ecotoxicology (London, England)","The effects of low levels of pollutants on the reproduction of golden eagles in western Norway.    ABSTRACT:  The reproductive success of golden eagles was studied in an area in western Norway between 62 degrees and 63 degrees N between 1973 and 1999. Addled eggs were collected for analysis of chemical pollutants from nine territories; five from coastal areas and four from inland. The coastal sites had lower annual reproductive output than inland sites, and the eggs had a higher content of organochlorine compounds. There were relatively strong negative correlations between reproductive output and (1) shell thickness and (2) DDE concentration in eggs. The data indicate that the golden eagle may be a particularly sensitive species to DDE. It is proposed that the higher organochlorine content found in the eggs of coastal birds was caused by a contribution of marine birds to the diet, as opposed to inland eagles which have a prey basis consisting almost entirely of terrestrial herbivores such as grouse, mountain hare and cervids. Our data-set on reproductive output is, however, too small to establish a general relationship between DDE contamination and reproductive output in golden eagles.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Diet | Eagles/majr | Eggs | Environmental Exposure | Female | Food Chain/majr | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Male | Population Dynamics | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Tissue Distribution",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1016759317738\",\"10.1023/a:1016759317738\")","v":"10.1023/a:1016759317738"},"10","5","285-90","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485874\",\"11485874\")","v":"11485874"},0,0,0,0,2001,"Modulatory effects of neonatal exposure to TCDD, or a mixture of PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p-p'-DDE, on methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumor development in the rat.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1240379\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Desaulniers D, Leingartner K, Russo J, Perkins G, Chittim BG, Archer MC, Wade M, Yang J","Environmental health perspectives","Modulatory effects of neonatal exposure to TCDD, or a mixture of PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p-p'-DDE, on methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumor development in the rat.    ABSTRACT:  The role of organochlorine (OC) exposure in the etiology of breast cancer remains controversial. Thus, our objective was to determine whether the most abundant and toxic OCs found in human milk could, when ingested during the neonatal period, modulate the development of mammary tumors in the rat. We prepared a mixture composed of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its major metabolite, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE), and 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) based on their concentrations found in the milk of Canadian women. Neonate rats at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of age were gavaged with this mixture, at 10, 100, and 1,000 times the amount that a human baby would consume. An additional group received 2.5 microg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg body weight (bw) by gavage at 18 days of age, instead of the mixture. On day 21, all treatment groups, except for a control group and a 1,000-mix group, received a single intraperitoneal injection of methylnitrosourea (MNU, 30 mg/kg bw), the initiator of the carcinogenic process. The average number of rats per treatment group was 33. Rats were sacrificed when their tumors reached 1 cm in size, or at 308 days of age. We prepared mammary tumors and mammary gland whole mounts for histologic analysis. There were no significant effects when only the malignant or only the benign tumors were considered. After all benign and malignant lesions were pooled, the number of mammary tumors differed among all MNU-treated groups (p = 0.02) with more lesions developing in the MNU-1,000[times] (median = 4.5; p = 0.05) and MNU-TCDD (median = 5.5; p = 0.07) compared to the MNU-0 rats (median = 2). Compared to the MNU-0 group, the percentage of rats that developed palpable tumors (benign plus malignant) was slightly higher (p = 0.06) in the MNU-TCDD group, but not in the MNU-1,000[times] group. The percentage of palpable tumors that were malignant was higher (p = 0.02) in the MNU-100[times] group (15/16, 94%) than in the MNU-0 group (10/18, 56%). The highest dose of the mixture delayed (p = 0.03) the development of tumors, but this was not observed with the MNU-TCDD treatment. These results suggest that neonatal exposure to high doses of organochlorines could favor the development of MNU-induced mammary lesions, but also delays the development of palpable tumors in the rat.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Alkylating Agents|Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Methylnitrosourea|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Alkylating Agents/majr/adverse effects/pharmacology | Animals | Breast/pathology | Cell Transformation, Neoplastic | DDT/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Female | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/majr/chemically induced | Methylnitrosourea/majr/adverse effects/pharmacology | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.01109739\",\"10.1289/ehp.01109739\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.01109739"},"109","7","739-47","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000477:Alkylating Agents|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D008770:Methylnitrosourea|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463412\",\"11463412\")","v":"11463412"},0,0,0,0,2001,"Association between maternal serum concentration of the DDT metabolite DDE and preterm and small-for-gestational-age babies at birth.",0,0,"Longnecker MP, Klebanoff MA, Zhou H, Brock JW","Lancet (London, England)","Association between maternal serum concentration of the DDT metabolite DDE and preterm and small-for-gestational-age babies at birth.    ABSTRACT:  DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) is highly effective against most malaria-transmitting mosquitoes and is being widely used in malaria-endemic areas. The metabolite, DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene), has been linked to preterm birth in small studies, but these findings are inconclusive. Our aim was to investigate the association between DDE exposure and preterm birth.Our study was based on the US Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). From this study we selected a subset of more than 44000 eligible children born between 1959 and 1966 and measured the DDE concentration in their mothers' serum samples stored during pregnancy. Complete data were available for 2380 children, of whom 361 were born preterm and 221 were small-for-gestational age.The median maternal DDE concentration was 25 mg/L (range 3-178)-several fold higher than current US concentrations. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of preterm birth increased steadily with increasing concentrations of serum DDE (ORs=1, 1.5, 1.6, 2.5, 3.1; trend p<0.0001). Adjusted odds of small-for-gestational-age also increased, but less consistently (ORs=1, 1.9, 1.7, 1.6, 2.6; trend p=0.04). After excluding preterm births, the association of DDE with small-for-gestational-age remained.The findings strongly suggest that DDT use increases preterm births, which is a major contributor to infant mortality. If this association is causal, it should be included in any assessment of the costs and benefits of vector control with DDT.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic | DDT/majr/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Gestational Age | Humans | Infant Mortality | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Small for Gestational Age/majr | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Logistic Models | Male | Obstetric Labor, Premature/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Population Surveillance | Pregnancy | Risk Factors | United States/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05329-6\",\"10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05329-6\")","v":"10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05329-6"},"358","9276","110-4","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11460698\",\"11460698\")","v":"11460698"},0,0,0,0,2000,"Intersexes in Mississippi River shovelnose sturgeon sampled below Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.",0,0,"Harshbarger JC, Coffey MJ, Young MY","Marine environmental research","Intersexes in Mississippi River shovelnose sturgeon sampled below Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.    ABSTRACT:  The Missouri Department of Conservation detected high organochlorine levels in tissues of fish from the Mississippi River south of Saint Louis. Chlordane, which is both a carcinogen and an endocrine disrupter, reached 2960 micrograms/kg in fillets of shovelnose sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platyorynchus, and 1926 micrograms/kg in their roe, wet weight basis. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in roe have reached 5810 and 780 micrograms/kg, respectively. The purpose of this study was to determine if endocrine disrupters and carcinogens are a potential cause of the significantly diminished reproduction capacity and population declines in the endangered pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus. Twenty-four surrogate shovelnose sturgeons were sampled north of Saint Louis where contaminant levels were lower compared with 17 sampled south of Saint Louis where contaminant levels were high. Liver and gonad tissues were formalin-fixed, histologically processed and examined. Neoplasms were not found. The principal finding was that the testes of two of the seven downstream male fish contained ovigerous lamellae, in addition to mature sperm. Since sturgeons are gonochoristic and intersexes are rare and unusual, the occurrence of intersex in 29% of the male Mississippi River shovelnose sturgeon examined from a population contaminated with chlordane and other chemicals raise concern for human health, species biodiversity and preservation of waterway quality. These findings, however, need to be corroborated by expanded studies with a higher sample size.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Carcinogens|Insecticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Carcinogens/majr/analysis/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/toxicity | Female | Fishes/majr/growth & development | Fresh Water | Insecticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Liver/chemistry/drug effects | Male | Missouri | Ovary/chemistry/drug effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Testis/chemistry/drug effects | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00055-6\",\"10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00055-6\")","v":"10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00055-6"},"50","1-5","247-50","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002273:Carcinogens|D007306:Insecticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11403911\",\"11403911\")","v":"11403911"},0,0,0,0,2001,"Induction of hepatic aromatase by p,p'-DDE in adult male rats.",0,0,"You L, Sar M, Bartolucci E, Ploch S, Whitt M","Molecular and cellular endocrinology","Induction of hepatic aromatase by p,p'-DDE in adult male rats.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE, DDE) is a stable metabolite of the pesticide DDT and a persistent environmental pollutant. Earlier reports have demonstrated that DDE is an endocrine-active compound capable of affecting early-stage sexual differentiation in male rats. Experiments based on receptor binding affinity and receptor-mediated transcriptional activation have identified DDE as an androgen receptor antagonist. Other effects of DDE include modulation of the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, some of which function as steroid hydroxylases, and elevation of serum estrogen levels in treated male rats. These effects suggest the possibility of DDE-caused induction of aromatase, a member of CYP family that catalyzes the conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens. The present study was conducted to determine whether hepatic aromatase was responsive to DDE treatment. We found that hepatic aromatase protein in adult male rats was greatly increased after seven daily oral treatments of DDE at a dosage of 100 mg/kg wt. per day. This induction was seen in both immunoblot and immunohistochemistry of liver tissue sections. Distribution of the aromatase in the liver corresponded to the distribution of hypertrophic hepatocytes in the tissue. Furthermore, we found a large increase in hepatic microsomal aromatase activity in DDE-treated animals, although the difference in serum 17beta-estradiol concentrations between treated animals and controls was not statistically significant. However, an in vitro experiment using primary culture of rat hepatocytes did not show a change in aromatase level after DDE treatment at four concentrations ranging from 0 to 5x10(-6) M for 24 h. Meanwhile, CYP 2B1 induction, a known DDE effect in primary rat hepatocyte culture, was seen in those cells. This study supports the notion that induction of aromatase by DDE is a contributory factor to its reproductive developmental effects.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Aromatase MeSH:  | Animals | Aromatase/majr/biosynthesis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/toxicity | Enzyme Induction/drug effects | Estradiol/blood | Hepatocytes/drug effects/enzymology | Immunohistochemistry | Liver/majr/drug effects/enzymology | Male | Rats | Rats, Inbred F344 | Rats, Sprague-Dawley",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00445-2\",\"10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00445-2\")","v":"10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00445-2"},"178","1-2","207-14","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D001141:Aromatase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11392123\",\"11392123\")","v":"11392123"},0,0,0,0,2001,"Do polychlorinated biphenyls contribute to reproduction effects in fish-eating birds?",0,0,"de Voogt P, Dirksen S, Boudewijn TJ, Bosveld AT, Murk AJ","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Do polychlorinated biphenyls contribute to reproduction effects in fish-eating birds?    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Fishes | Insecticides/toxicity | Pesticide Residues/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"20","6","1149-51","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11280967\",\"11280967\")","v":"11280967"},0,0,0,0,2001,"Associations between altered immune function and organochlorine contamination in young Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) from Lake Huron, 1997-1999.",0,0,"Grasman KA, Fox GA","Ecotoxicology (London, England)","Associations between altered immune function and organochlorine contamination in young Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) from Lake Huron, 1997-1999.    ABSTRACT:  Previous studies of laboratory animals and wildlife species have demonstrated the immunotoxicity of organochlorines. This study confirmed that associations between organochlorines and suppressed T cell function and enhanced antibody production in young Caspian terns from the Great Lakes, first observed in the early 1990s, continued into the late 1990s. These associations were based on measurement of organochlorines in plasma of individuals and pooled egg samples. During 1997-99, immune function, hematological variables, and organochlorine contamination were measured in prefledgling Caspian terns at two Lake Huron colonies: Channel Shelter Island (Confined Disposal Facility) at the mouth of the Saginaw River in southern Saginaw Bay and Elm Island in the North Channel. Elevated organochlorine exposure, reproductive effects, and decreased recruitment have been documented previously in the Saginaw Bay colony. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in eggs and plasma and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p)chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in plasma were consistently higher in Saginaw Bay compared to the North Channel. The mean phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test, a measure of T lymphocyte function, was 42% lower in Saginaw Bay. Regression analyses showed strong negative associations between the PHA response and plasma PCBs and, to a slightly lesser degree, DDE. Despite interyear differences, total antibody titers following immunization with sheep red blood cells were higher in Saginaw Bay than the North Channel. Titers were positively associated with plasma PCBs and DDE. Plasma PCBs and DDE were negatively correlated with the percentage of monocytes and positively correlated with the percentage of basophils.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Antibody Formation | Birds/majr/immunology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Environmental Exposure | Female | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | T-Lymphocytes/majr/physiology | Tissue Distribution | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1008950025622\",\"10.1023/a:1008950025622\")","v":"10.1023/a:1008950025622"},"10","2","101-14","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11233749\",\"11233749\")","v":"11233749"},0,0,0,0,2000,"Prenatal exposure to PCBs and infant performance on the fagan test of infant intelligence.",0,0,"Darvill T, Lonky E, Reihman J, Stewart P, Pagano J","Neurotoxicology","Prenatal exposure to PCBs and infant performance on the fagan test of infant intelligence.    ABSTRACT:  A sample of infants was examined at conceptual age 67 weeks (6-month testing, N=230), and again at conceptual age 92 weeks (12-month testing, N=216) using the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII). Analysis of the results revealed a dose-dependent relationship between total umbilical cord-blood PCB levels and poorer FTII performance at both ages. A similar relationship was observed using a subset of the persistent and heavily chlorinated PCB congeners associated with Lake Ontario fish consumption (septa-, octa-, and nonachlorinated biphenyls) in children tested at 12-months but not at 6-months. These data replicate previous research (Jacobson et al., 1985) which demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship between prenatal PCB exposure and FTII performance in infants of Lake Michigan fisheaters. Analyses of FTII scores with cord-blood DDE and maternal hair methylmercury (MeHg) revealed no significant associations between FTII performance and either of these toxicants. The latter results replicate those of Myers et al., (1995) who found no effect of MeHg on FTII performance in Seychellois infants.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Methylmercury Compounds|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Cross-Sectional Studies | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Female | Fetal Blood/chemistry | Humans | Infant/majr | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/analysis/toxicity | Intellectual Disability/chemically induced/diagnosis | Intelligence Tests/majr | Lead Poisoning/diagnosis | Methylmercury Compounds/analysis/toxicity | Milk, Human/chemistry | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Pregnancy | Psychometrics",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"21","6","1029-38","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D008767:Methylmercury Compounds|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11097232\",\"11097232\")","v":"11097232"},0,0,0,0,2000,"Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene, polychlorinated biphenyls, and breast cancer among African-American and white women in North Carolina.",0,0,"Millikan R, DeVoto E, Duell EJ, Tse CK, Savitz DA, Beach J, Edmiston S, Jackson S, Newman B","Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene, polychlorinated biphenyls, and breast cancer among African-American and white women in North Carolina.    ABSTRACT:  We examined plasma dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels in relation to breast cancer in a population-based, case-control study of African-American women (292 cases and 270 controls) and white women (456 cases and 389 controls) in North Carolina. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer comparing the highest to lowest third of DDE were 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-2.29] in African-American women and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.67-1.43) in white women. ORs comparing the highest to lowest third of total PCBs were 1.74 (95% CI, 1.00-3.01) in African-American women and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.68-1.56) in white women. Among African-Americans, the OR for total PCBs was highest for obese women (body mass index 234.2; OR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.63-14.83). In contrast, the OR for DDE was highest for the leanest African-American women (body mass index, <25; OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 0.98-15.08). ORs for DDE were not elevated among women who lived or worked on farms or elevated among farming women who reported exposure to pesticides. Our results suggest absence of a strong effect for DDE or total PCBs in breast cancer but lend support for associations among subgroups of women. In our study, factors such as income, parity, breastfeeding, race/ethnicity, and body mass index influenced the relationship of organochlorines and breast cancer. Differing distributions of such factors may explain some of the inconsistencies across previous studies.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Aged | Blacks/majr | Breast Feeding | Breast Neoplasms/majr/ethnology/etiology | Case-Control Studies | Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Humans | Income | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/blood | Male | Middle Aged | North Carolina/epidemiology/ethnology | Obesity | Odds Ratio | Parity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Risk Factors | Whites/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"9","11","1233-40","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10946910\",\"10946910\")","v":"10946910"},0,0,0,0,2000,"Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid.",0,0,"Foster W, Chan S, Platt L, Hughes C","The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid.    ABSTRACT:  Man-made chemicals that have been shown to modulate endocrine function in animal models, so-called \"endocrine disrupters\", are suspected to play a role in the development of male reproductive tract abnormalities and neurobehaviroal deficits in children. However in utero exposure to environmental contaminants has not been documented previously. The present study was performed to test our hypothesis that man-made chemicals can be quantified in human amniotic fluid during the second trimester. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis was performed on amniotic fluid samples (n=53) from women (n=51) undergoing routine amniocentesis with a mean (+/- SEM) age of 36.5 +/- 0.5 years and between 15 and 23 weeks of gestation. Analytes included common PCB congeners, the DDT metabolites p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDE as well as the pesticides: hexachlorobenzene (HCB); and the three isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha,beta and gamma-HCH). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for PCBs was 0.01 ng/ml and for the other organochlorines contaminants is was 0.1 ng/ml. The contaminants alpha-HCH with a mean (+/- SD) concentration of 0.15 +/- 0.06 (ng/ml) and p,p'-DDE with a mean (+/- SD) concentration of 0.21 +/- 0.18 ng/ml were detected in the amniotic fluid. PCB specific congeners were detected with a much lower frequency and levels were in the range of the LOQ. Overall one in three amniotic fluid samples tested positive for at least one environmental contaminant. Therefore, we conclude that approximately one in three fetuses in the Los Angeles area are exposed to endocrine modulatory environmental contaminants in utero the consequences of which remain unknown at this time.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|Mitotane|2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene MeSH:  | Adult | Amniotic Fluid/majr/chemistry | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis | Female | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Gestational Age | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/analysis | Hexachlorocyclohexane/majr/analysis | Humans | Insecticides/analysis | Maternal Age | Mitotane/majr/analogs & derivatives/analysis | Parity | Pesticides/majr/analysis | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Trimester, Second/majr/physiology | Pregnancy, High-Risk | Sensitivity and Specificity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.8.6850\",\"10.1210/jcem.85.8.6850\")","v":"10.1210/jcem.85.8.6850"},"85","8","2954-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D008939:Mitotane|C054919:2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10737536\",\"10737536\")","v":"10737536"},0,0,0,0,2000,"Effects of an environmental anti-androgen on erectile function in an animal penile erection model.",0,0,"Brien SE, Heaton JP, Racz WJ, Adams MA","The Journal of urology","Effects of an environmental anti-androgen on erectile function in an animal penile erection model.    ABSTRACT:  Erectile function is testosterone dependent. For example, interference with either the levels or receptor binding of this steroid hormone may induce erectile dysfunction. Several environmental contaminants can interfere with the actions of endogenous hormones and have been termed 'endocrine disrupters.' p,p-DDE, a prominent and persistent metabolite of the insecticide DDT, has been shown to be an androgen receptor antagonist. The objective was to determine whether endocrine disrupters, as exemplified by p,p-DDE, are factors in the etiology of erectile dysfunction.Using the established rat model of apomorphine-induced (80 microg./kg, s.c.) erections we assessed the dose-response effects of p,p-DDE in comparison to the known androgen receptor antagonist flutamide in acute (0.5 to 12 hours) and short-term (up to 8 weeks) experiments in both intact (Study 1) and castrated (Study 2) rats. As a follow up (Study 3), castrated rats treated with p,p-DDE were given increasing doses of testosterone (0.48 to 2.4 mg./kg., i.p.), eight weeks after p,p-DDE administration, to assess reversibility of p,p-DDE effect.A single dose of flutamide (50 mg./kg., i.p.) was found to significantly decrease apomorphine-induced erections to less than 50% over 12 hours following flutamide administration with recovery of erectile response within 48 hours. In comparison, a single dose of p,p-DDE (500 mg./kg., i.p.) decreased apomorphine-induced erections for at least two weeks (1.15+/-0.3 versus 2.5+/-1.1). Castration significantly decreased apomorphine-induced erections to approximately 0.5 erections/30 minutes. Flutamide (50 mg./kg.; i.p.) or p,p-DDE (50 mg./kg.; i.p.) did not further suppress the apomorphine erections in castrated rats. Testosterone supplementation (480 microg./kg; s.c.) in vehicle treated castrated rats recovered erectile response to pre-castrated levels, whereas p,p-DDE treated castrated rats required 4 times the dose of testosterone (2 mg./kg.; s.c.) given to vehicle treated rats to recover erections.The endocrine disrupter p,p-DDE can markedly interfere with erectile function and demonstrates persistence after a single dose. This supports our novel concept that environmental hormones may cause erectile dysfunction.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/adverse effects | Animals | Castration | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Erectile Dysfunction/majr/chemically induced | Flutamide/majr/adverse effects | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Male | Penile Erection/majr/drug effects | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Testosterone/pharmacology | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"163","4","1315-21","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10736616\",\"10736616\")","v":"10736616"},0,0,0,0,1999,"Organochlorines and breast cancer. A study on Neapolitan women.",0,0,"Dello Iacovo R, Celentano E, Strollo AM, Iazzetta G, Capasso I, Randazzo G","Advances in experimental medicine and biology","Organochlorines and breast cancer. A study on Neapolitan women.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Heptachlor|DDT MeSH:  | Adipose Tissue/metabolism | Breast Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced/chemistry/epidemiology | DDT/analysis/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Heptachlor/analysis/blood | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/analysis/blood | Italy/epidemiology | Middle Aged | Pregnancy | Risk Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"472","","57-66","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006533:Heptachlor|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10620483\",\"10620483\")","v":"10620483"},0,0,0,0,1999,"In utero exposure to antiandrogens alters the responsiveness of the prostate to p,p'-DDE in adult rats and may induce prostatic inflammation.",0,0,"You L, Brenneman KA, Heck H","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","In utero exposure to antiandrogens alters the responsiveness of the prostate to p,p'-DDE in adult rats and may induce prostatic inflammation.    ABSTRACT:  DDE is an environmental pollutant with antiandrogenic properties. Following administration to pregnant rats, DDE was shown to cause feminization in the male offspring at the neonatal stages but did not affect the pubertal growth of accessory sex organs. In this study, we examined the potential of in utero exposure to antiandrogens to alter the responsiveness of the male rats to subsequent DDE challenge. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were dosed by gavage from Gestation Day 14 to 18 at 0, 10 (low dose), or 100 (high dose) mg DDE, or 40 mg flutamide/kg body wt (bw)/day (in utero treatment). At approximately 80 days of age, the male offspring from each of the four in utero treatment groups were divided into two groups. One group received the adult treatment of four daily gavage administrations of DDE at 70 mg/kg bw (adult treatment), while the second group served as the adult treatment control (adult control). The in utero treatment resulted in 18, 31, and 53% reductions of ventral prostate weights at approximately 85 days of age compared to the control for the low- and high-dose DDE and flutamide groups, respectively. These results suggest that the in utero antiandrogen treatments produced a latent effect on prostate growth that became pronounced only in the postpubertal stage. The in utero treatment also altered the responsiveness of the prostate to the adult treatment, indicated by a significant reduction in ventral prostate weight that was seen only in the control group of the in utero treatment but not in the other groups. The in utero treatment was also associated with expression of testosterone-repressed prostatic message-2 in the adult ventral prostate. In addition, a few prostates in the high-dose DDE- and flutamide-treated groups of the in utero treatment were found to have chronic suppurative prostatitis. While other types of hormonal manipulations have been shown to incite similar responses in rat prostate, the possible linkage between in utero antiandrogen treatment and prostatic inflammation needs to be further evaluated.Copyright 1999 Academic Press.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Clusterin|Glycoproteins|Molecular Chaperones|Peptide Fragments|RNA, Messenger|glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313)|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide|Luteinizing Hormone|Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases MeSH:  | Adipose Tissue/metabolism | Administration, Oral | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Animals | Blotting, Northern | Clusterin | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Flutamide/majr/toxicity | Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics | Glycoproteins/genetics | Liver/metabolism | Luteinizing Hormone/blood | Male | Molecular Chaperones/majr | Organ Size/drug effects | Peptide Fragments/genetics | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Prostate/majr/drug effects/pathology | Prostatitis/majr/chemically induced/metabolism/pathology | RNA, Messenger/analysis/metabolism | Rats | Rats, Long-Evans | Testosterone/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8804\",\"10.1006/taap.1999.8804\")","v":"10.1006/taap.1999.8804"},"161","3","258-66","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D051152:Clusterin|D006023:Glycoproteins|D018832:Molecular Chaperones|D010446:Peptide Fragments|D012333:RNA, Messenger|C068142:glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313)|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|D007986:Luteinizing Hormone|D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10496676\",\"10496676\")","v":"10496676"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L324) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L324),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L324) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L324),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L324) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L324),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B324:D324)","v":0},1999,"Detection of the environmental antiandrogen p,p-DDE in CD and long-evans rats using a tier I screening battery and a Hershberger assay.",0,0,"O'Connor JC, Frame SR, Davis LG, Cook JC","Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","Detection of the environmental antiandrogen p,p-DDE in CD and long-evans rats using a tier I screening battery and a Hershberger assay.    ABSTRACT:  In this report, p,p'-DDE, a weak androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, has been examined in a Tier I screening battery designed to detect endocrine-active compounds (EACs). The screening battery that was used to examine p,p'-DDE was an abbreviated version of a proposed Tier I screening battery (Cook et al., 1997, Regul. ToxicoL Pharmacol. 26, 60-68) that consisted of a 15-day intact male in vivo battery and an in vitro yeast transactivation system (YTS). In addition, strain sensitivity differences were evaluated using male Crl:CDIGS BR (CD) and Long-Evans (LE) rats. Finally, p,p'-DDE was examined in a Hershberger assay designed to detect AR agonists. In the in vivo male battery using CD rats, responses to p,p'-DDE included organ weight changes (increased relative liver weight and decreased absolute epididymis weight) and hormonal alterations (increased serum estradiol [E2] levels and decreased serum FSH and T4 levels). Responses to p,p'-DDE in LE rats included organ weight changes (increased relative liver weight, absolute epididymis weight, relative accessory sex gland [ASG] unit weight, as well as the individual component weights of the ASG [prostate and seminal vesicles]), and hormonal alterations (increased serum testosterone [T], E2, dihydrotestosterone [DHT], thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], and decreased T4 levels). These data demonstrate that there are considerable strain-sensitivity differences to p,p'-DDE exposure. The described in vivo male battery using CD rats did not identify p,p'-DDE as an EAC. In contrast, the in vivo male battery using LE rats identified p,p'-DDE as a EAC. Evaluation of the data for the LE rats demonstrate that p,p'-DDE appears to be acting as an AR antagonist whose primary effects are more potent centrally than peripherally. In the YTS for the AR, p,p'-DDE had an EC50 value of 3.5 x 10(-4) M; however, in the AR YTS competition assay, p,p'-DDE did not inhibit DHT binding to the AR. p,p'-DDE was inactive in the YTS containing the estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor at the concentrations evaluated. In the Hershberger assay, p,p'-DDE administration caused antiandrogen-like effects characterized by attenuation of the testosterone propionate-induced increases in reproductive-organ weights. In summary, these data suggest that strain selection will affect the ability to detect certain weak EACs. However, a Tier I screening battery consisting of both in vivo and in vitro endpoints would reduce the chance that weak-acting compounds such as p,p'-DDE would not be identified as potential EACs.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide MeSH:  | Animals | Body Weight/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Disease Models, Animal | Flutamide/toxicity | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Liver/drug effects/pathology | Male | Orchiectomy | Organ Size/drug effects | Prostate/drug effects/pathology | Rats | Rats, Long-Evans | Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects/genetics/metabolism | Seminal Vesicles/drug effects/pathology | Testis/drug effects/pathology | Toxicity Tests/majr/methods | Transcriptional Activation/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/51.1.44\",\"10.1093/toxsci/51.1.44\")","v":"10.1093/toxsci/51.1.44"},"51","1","44-53","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10406934\",\"10406934\")","v":"10406934"},0,0,0,0,1999,"Modulation of testosterone-metabolizing hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in developing Sprague-Dawley rats following in utero exposure to p,p'-DDE.",0,0,"You L, Chan SK, Bruce JM, Archibeque-Engle S, Casanova M, Corton JC, Heck H","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","Modulation of testosterone-metabolizing hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in developing Sprague-Dawley rats following in utero exposure to p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) causes sexual developmental aberrations in male rats through a likely mechanism of androgen receptor antagonism. DDE is also known to induce liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP). The expression of CYP enzymes is regulated by steroid hormones, which, in turn, are inactivated in the liver by CYP-catalyzed hydroxylations and subsequent conjugations. This study was undertaken to examine the potential of in utero DDE exposure to affect the developmental expression of the hepatic CYP enzymes that are responsible for testosterone hydroxylations. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage with DDE at 0, 10, or 100 mg/kg body weight or with flutamide at 40 mg/kg body weight from gestation day 14 to 18. Additional adult male rats were given seven daily doses of DDE at 100 mg/kg. Liver samples were collected from the offspring of the dosed dams on postnatal days (PND) 10 and 21 and from the adult rats a day after the last dosing. Assays for regioselective and sterospecific testosterone hydroxylase activities were performed using hepatic microsomal preparations. Specific liver CYP proteins were detected by immunoblotting. While the CYP2B1 and 3A1 and their hydroxylated testosterone products were highly elevated by the DDE treatments in both adult and developing rats, the responses of 2C11 and 2A1 were development-dependent. The flutamide treatment had little effect on CYP enzyme expression. This study demonstrated that developing offspring rats are susceptible to the hepatic CYP enzyme-modulating action of DDE following its administration to the pregnant dams.Copyright 1999 Academic Press.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide|Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System|Steroid Hydroxylases|Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases|testosterone 7-alpha-hydroxylase, hamster MeSH:  | Age Factors | Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology | Animals | Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/majr | Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/majr/genetics/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Female | Flutamide/pharmacology | Immunoblotting | Liver/majr/drug effects/enzymology/pathology | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr/drug effects | Microsomes, Liver/metabolism | Pregnancy | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Steroid Hydroxylases/majr/classification/metabolism | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8694\",\"10.1006/taap.1999.8694\")","v":"10.1006/taap.1999.8694"},"158","2","197-205","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System|D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases|D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases|C022724:testosterone 7-alpha-hydroxylase, hamster|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381306\",\"10381306\")","v":"10381306"},0,0,0,0,1999,"Effect of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on sex determination of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina).",0,0,"Portelli MJ, de Solla SR, Brooks RJ, Bishop CA","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","Effect of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on sex determination of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina).    ABSTRACT:  Recent evidence indicates that 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and some of its metabolites alter reproductive and endocrine function in wildlife. Exposure to such endocrine-disrupting compounds during embryonic development can affect sexual differentiation. The authors tested the hypothesis that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDE) causes feminization of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra s. serpentina), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination, during embryonic development. Eggs from eight clutches (total eggs tested=237) were incubated at a male-producing temperature (26 degrees C). At stage 14 of embryonic development, p,p'-DDE was applied topically at four concentrations and estrogen (estradiol-17 beta) was applied as a positive control. Although application of estrogen did induce female development at this temperature, application of p,p'-DDE did not affect sex determination at the exposure levels used. Residue analysis indicated that the amount of p,p'-DDE detected in the eggs 72 h after application was considerably less than the concentrations applied. However, the amounts that penetrated the shells were comparable to levels which have been found in moderately contaminated sites in the Great Lakes. These results indicate that p, p'-DDE, at levels that exist in the environment in the Great Lakes, does not cause the feminization of snapping turtles during embryonic development.Copyright 1999 Academic Press.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Estradiol/pharmacology | Female | Gonads/drug effects/growth & development | Male | Ovum/drug effects/metabolism/physiology | Pesticide Residues/analysis | Sex Determination Analysis | Sex Ratio/majr | Turtles/majr/physiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1791\",\"10.1006/eesa.1999.1791\")","v":"10.1006/eesa.1999.1791"},"43","3","284-91","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10366546\",\"10366546\")","v":"10366546"},0,0,0,0,1999,"Transplacental and lactational transfer of p,p'-DDE in Sprague-Dawley rats.",0,0,"You L, Gazi E, Archibeque-Engle S, Casanova M, Conolly RB, Heck HA","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","Transplacental and lactational transfer of p,p'-DDE in Sprague-Dawley rats.    ABSTRACT:  p,p'-DDE (hereafter DDE), a persistent metabolite of p,p'-DDT, is a widespread environmental contaminant that can induce antiandrogenic developmental effects in rats. Quantitative measurements of the transfer of DDE from pregnant or lactating dams to the fetus or suckling neonate were performed, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for the transplacental and lactational transfer of DDE were developed. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage in corn oil with either 10 or 100 mg DDE per kg body wt per day from Gestation Day (gd) 14 to 18. DDE was analyzed in several maternal tissues as well as in fetal and neonatal tissues from gd 15 to Postnatal Day (pnd) 21. Fetal DDE concentrations were about threefold lower than corresponding placental concentrations. By adopting a cross-fostering design, the contributions of transplacental and lactational transfer were compared. In the pup liver, where DDE was detectable in the 100 mg/kg groups on pnd 10, the lactationally exposed group had DDE concentrations about 50 times higher than those of the in utero only exposure group; the lactation only exposure groups had DDE tissue dose profiles very similar to those of the in utero plus lactation exposure groups, indicating that the lactational route is far more important than the in utero route quantitatively. The PBPK models postulated initial absorption of DDE into both the blood circulation and lymphatic system with the primary storage sites being maternal and neonatal adipose tissues. Mobilization of DDE from its storage sites is postulated to occur via its association with mobilized fatty acids and lipoproteins. The results provide an overall framework for evaluating the tissue dosimetry of DDE and for understanding how maternal exposure to DDE could affect perinatal sexual development in utero or in the early postnatal period.Copyright 1999 Academic Press.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adipose Tissue/growth & development/metabolism | Amniotic Fluid/metabolism | Animals | Animals, Newborn/majr/blood/growth & development/metabolism | Body Burden | Body Weight | Brain/embryology/growth & development/metabolism | Computer Simulation | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/blood/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Fetus/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Gestational Age | Lactation/majr/blood/metabolism | Liver/embryology/growth & development/metabolism | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr | Placenta/metabolism | Pregnancy | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8673\",\"10.1006/taap.1999.8673\")","v":"10.1006/taap.1999.8673"},"157","2","134-44","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10188194\",\"10188194\")","v":"10188194"},0,0,0,0,1999,"Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat.",0,0,"Wolf C, Lambright C, Mann P, Price M, Cooper RL, Ostby J, Gray LE","Toxicology and industrial health","Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat.    ABSTRACT:  Antiandrogenic chemicals alter sexual differentiation by a variety of mechanisms, and as a consequence, they induce different profiles of effects. For example, in utero treatment with the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, produces ventral prostate agenesis and testicular nondescent, while in contrast, finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, rarely, if ever, induces such malformations. In this regard, it was recently proposed that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) alters reproductive development by a different mechanism of action than flutamide or vinclozolin (V), which are AR antagonists, because the male offsprings display an unusually high incidence of testicular and epididymal alterations--effects rarely seen after in utero flutamide or V treatment. In this study, we present original data describing the reproductive effects of 10 known or suspected anti-androgens, including a Leydig cell toxicant ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS, 50 mg kg-1 day-1), linuron (L, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), p,p'-DDE (100 mg kg-1 day-1), ketoconazole (12-50 mg kg-1 day-1), procymidone (P, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), chlozolinate (100 mg kg-1 day-1), iprodione (100 mg kg-1 day-1), DBP (500 mg kg-1 day-1), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP, 750 mg kg-1 day-1), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener no. 169 (single dose of 1.8 mg kg-1). Our analysis indicates that the chemicals discussed here can be clustered into three or four separate groups, based on the resulting profiles of reproductive effects. Vinclozolin, P, and DDE, known AR ligands, produce similar profiles of toxicity. However, p,p'-DDE is less potent in this regard. DBP and DEHP produce a profile distinct from the above AR ligands. Male offsprings display a higher incidence of epididymal and testicular lesions than generally seen with flutamide, P, or V even at high dosage levels. Linuron treatment induced a level of external effects consistent with its low affinity for AR [reduced anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, and a low incidence of hypospadias]. However, L treatment also induced an unanticipated degree of malformed epididymides and testis atrophy. In fact, the profile of effects induced by L was similar to that seen with DBP. These results suggest that L may display several mechanisms of endocrine toxicity, one of which involves AR binding. Chlozolinate and iprodione did not produce any signs of maternal or fetal endocrine toxicity at 100 mg kg-1 day-1. EDS produced severe maternal toxicity and a 45% reduction in size at birth, which resulted in the death of all neonates by 5 days of age. However, EDS only reduced AGD in male pups by 15%. Ketoconazole did not demasculinize or feminize males but rather displayed anti-hormonal activities, apparently by inhibiting ovarian hormone synthesis, which resulted in delayed delivery and whole litter loss. In summary, the above in vivo data suggest that the chemicals we studied alter male sexual differentiation via different mechanisms. The anti-androgens V, P, and p,p'-DDE produce flutamide-like profiles that are distinct from those seen with DBP, DEHP, and L. The effects of PCB 169 bear little resemblance to those of any known anti-androgen. Only in depth in vitro studies will reveal the degree to which one can rely upon in vivo studies, like those presented here, to predict the cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Bridged Bicyclo Compounds|Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Hydantoins|Oxazoles|Pesticides|Receptors, Androgen|Xenobiotics|Linuron|Dibutyl Phthalate|Aminoimidazole Carboxamide|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|dichlozolinate|Diethylhexyl Phthalate|procymidone|Ketoconazole|iprodione MeSH:  | Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/analogs & derivatives/toxicity | Androgen Antagonists/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Animals | Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/toxicity | Dibutyl Phthalate/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Diethylhexyl Phthalate/toxicity | Female | Genitalia, Male/majr/abnormalities/drug effects/growth & development | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism | Hydantoins/majr | Ketoconazole/toxicity | Linuron/toxicity | Male | Oxazoles | Pesticides/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Rats | Rats, Long-Evans | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Receptors, Androgen/drug effects/physiology | Sex Differentiation/drug effects | Xenobiotics/majr/pharmacology/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379901500109\",\"10.1177/074823379901500109\")","v":"10.1177/074823379901500109"},"15","1-2","94-118","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds|D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D006827:Hydantoins|D010080:Oxazoles|D010575:Pesticides|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D015262:Xenobiotics|D008044:Linuron|D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate|D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C037268:dichlozolinate|D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate|C035988:procymidone|D007654:Ketoconazole|C033148:iprodione|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10025415\",\"10025415\")","v":"10025415"},0,0,0,0,1999,"Lead, mercury, and organochlorine compound levels in cord blood in Québec, Canada.",0,0,"Rhainds M, Levallois P, Dewailly E, Ayotte P","Archives of environmental health","Lead, mercury, and organochlorine compound levels in cord blood in Québec, Canada.    ABSTRACT:  We conducted this study to evaluate blood levels of lead, mercury, and organochlorine compounds in newborns in the Province of Quebec. During 1993 to 1995, we carried out a survey in 10 hospitals located in southern Quebec. During that time, umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from 1109 newborns, and we analyzed each for lead, mercury, 14 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, and 11 chlorinated pesticides. We used the geometric mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) to describe the results. Mean concentrations of lead and mercury in cord blood were 0.076 micromol/l (95% CI = 0.074, 0.079) and 4.82 nmol/l (95% CI = 4.56, 5.08), respectively. The mean concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1260) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene were 0.514 microg/I (95% CI = .493, 0.536) and 0.412 microg/l (95% CI = 0.390, 0.435), respectively. We observed a statistically significant relationship between maternal age and cord blood concentrations of (a) lead, (b) mercury, (c) polychlorinated biphenyls, and (d) dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene. In addition, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with cord blood lead levels. The cord blood concentrations of lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene we measured in our study were the lowest levels recently reported in industrialized countries. The results of this study underline the role of public health authorities in the evaluation of biological levels of environmental contaminants among children for the assessment of risk of adverse health effects.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|Insecticides|Lead|Mercury MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Birth Weight | Environmental Monitoring/majr | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/chemistry | Gestational Age | Humans | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/majr | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/blood | Lead/majr/blood | Male | Mercury/majr/blood | Neonatal Screening | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Quebec",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039899909602235\",\"10.1080/00039899909602235\")","v":"10.1080/00039899909602235"},"54","1","40-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated|D007306:Insecticides|D007854:Lead|D008628:Mercury|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9848123\",\"9848123\")","v":"9848123"},0,0,0,0,1998,"Impaired male sexual development in perinatal Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans hooded rats exposed in utero and lactationally to p,p'-DDE.",0,0,"You L, Casanova M, Archibeque-Engle S, Sar M, Fan LQ, Heck HA","Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","Impaired male sexual development in perinatal Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans hooded rats exposed in utero and lactationally to p,p'-DDE.    ABSTRACT:  Although the pesticide DDT has been banned in the United States for decades, it remains at low levels in the environment. p,p'-DDE, a metabolite of DDT, was recently shown to inhibit the binding of androgens to the androgen receptor and to exert antiandrogenic effects in perinatal Long-Evans (LE) rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day administered to pregnant dams. In this study, we compared the effects of p,p'-DDE on male sexual development in offspring of Sprague-Dawley (SD) and LE rats. The chemical was dosed by gavage to pregnant dams at 10 or 100 mg/kg body wt from gestation day 14 to 18. The developing male rats were examined for sexual developmental landmarks, while the effects of p,p'-DDE on androgen receptor expression were evaluated in the testis and other reproductive organs. The tissue dosimetry of p,p'-DDE was also determined at different stages of development following in utero and lactational exposures. The higher p,p'-DDE dose induced a reduction in the male anogenital distance, an increase in retention of male thoracic nipples and alterations in expression of the androgen receptor in either one or both strains. A much weaker response was seen in the lower dose groups. Tissue and body fluid concentrations of p,p'-DDE were similar in the two strains in some tissues but dissimilar in others, particularly in the serum levels. Higher serum p,p'-DDE levels in the LE strain during pregnancy corresponded with an overall greater sensitivity of the LE strain to the antiandrogenic effects of p,p'-DDE. These results support the previous findings of p,p'-DDE antiandrogenicity in LE rats, extend the findings to SD rats, and suggest that the developmental effects of p,p'-DDE on male rat sexual differentiation are minimal at maternal doses below 10 mg/kg/day.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Receptors, Androgen|Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Flutamide MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Suckling | Brain/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Flutamide/toxicity | Genitalia, Male/majr/drug effects/growth & development | Insecticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Liver/metabolism | Male | Organ Size/drug effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Rats | Rats, Long-Evans | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Receptors, Androgen/metabolism | Testosterone/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/45.2.162\",\"10.1093/toxsci/45.2.162\")","v":"10.1093/toxsci/45.2.162"},"45","2","162-73","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D005485:Flutamide|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9846162\",\"9846162\")","v":"9846162"},0,0,0,0,1998,"Several environmental oestrogens are also anti-androgens.",0,0,"Sohoni P, Sumpter JP","The Journal of endocrinology","Several environmental oestrogens are also anti-androgens.    ABSTRACT:  There is presently considerable interest in endocrine disruption which is a new area of endocrinology concerned with chemicals that mimic hormones, in particular sex steroids. It has been hypothesised that exposure to such chemicals may be responsible for adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. Until now, chemicals that mimic oestrogens (so-called xenoestrogens) have been the main focus of endocrine disruption research. However, recent evidence suggests that many abnormalities in the male reproductive system may be mediated via the androgen receptor. By blocking androgen action, exposure to an anti-androgen may cause changes similar to those associated with oestrogen exposure. We have used in vitro yeast-based assays to detect oestrogenic, anti-oestrogenic, androgenic and anti-androgenic activities in a variety of chemicals of current interest. We show that many of the so-called 'environmental oestrogens' also possess anti-androgenic activity. The previously reported anti-androgenic activities of vinclozolin and p,p'-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) were confirmed. We also found that o,p'-1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), bisphenol A and butyl benzyl phthalate were anti-androgenic. However, not all xenoestrogens are also anti-androgenic, because nonylphenol was found to be a weak androgen agonist. Our results demonstrate that hormone-mimicking chemicals can have multiple hormonal activities, which may make it difficult to interpret their mechanisms of action in vivo. Although not a specific objective of this study, our results also demonstrate that yeast-based assays are powerful tools with which to investigate both agonist and antagonistic hormonal activities of chemicals.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Androgens|Benzhydryl Compounds|Estrogen Antagonists|Estrogens|Fungicides, Industrial|Hormones|Oxazoles|Pesticides|Phenols|Receptors, Androgen|Receptors, Estrogen|Xenobiotics|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Diethylstilbestrol|Flutamide|DDT|4-nonylphenol|vinclozolin|bisphenol A MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/pharmacology | Androgens/majr/pharmacology | Benzhydryl Compounds | Biological Assay | DDT | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/pharmacology | Diethylstilbestrol/pharmacology | Environmental Pollution/majr | Estrogen Antagonists/majr/pharmacology | Estrogens/majr/pharmacology | Flutamide/pharmacology | Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology | Gene Expression | Hormones/majr/pharmacology | Humans | Oxazoles/pharmacology | Pesticides/pharmacology | Phenols/pharmacology | Receptors, Androgen/drug effects/genetics | Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects/genetics | Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics | Xenobiotics/pharmacology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1580327\",\"10.1677/joe.0.1580327\")","v":"10.1677/joe.0.1580327"},"158","3","327-39","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D000728:Androgens|D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds|D004965:Estrogen Antagonists|D004967:Estrogens|D005659:Fungicides, Industrial|D006728:Hormones|D010080:Oxazoles|D010575:Pesticides|D010636:Phenols|D011944:Receptors, Androgen|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|D015262:Xenobiotics|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004054:Diethylstilbestrol|D005485:Flutamide|D003634:DDT|C041594:4-nonylphenol|C025643:vinclozolin|C006780:bisphenol A|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9663423\",\"9663423\")","v":"9663423"},0,0,0,0,1998,"Mortality from cancer of the male reproductive tract and environmental exposure to the anti-androgen p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the United States.",0,0,"Cocco P, Benichou J","Oncology","Mortality from cancer of the male reproductive tract and environmental exposure to the anti-androgen p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the United States.    ABSTRACT:  The association of prostate cancer mortality and testicular cancer mortality with environmental exposure to the anti-androgen dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) derivative p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in the USA was explored in the period 1971-1994 using multiple linear regression analysis. Environmental p,p'-DDE contamination by state was estimated by p,p'-DDE concentrations in the subcutaneous fat of population samples and by measurements of p,p'-DDE in tree bark. On average, African Americans had adipose p,p'-DDE levels 74% higher than Whites (8.49 vs. 4.88 microg/g; p < 0.001). Neither prostate cancer mortality nor testicular cancer mortality showed a positive association with either indicator of p,p'-DDE environmental contamination. On the contrary, the regression coefficient for prostate cancer was constantly inverse for adipose p,p'-DDE along the period of study, although it approached statistical significance only for African Americans in 1981-1985 (P=-0.755; 0.10 > p > 0.05). This ecologic study does not provide support to the hypothesis of a link between environmental exposure to DDT derivatives and cancer of the male reproductive tract.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Adipose Tissue/metabolism | Adult | African Americans/statistics & numerical data | Aged | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Genital Neoplasms, Male/majr/chemically induced/ethnology/mortality | Humans | Income | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Linear Models | Male | Marital Status | Middle Aged | United States/epidemiology | Whites/statistics & numerical data",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000011872\",\"10.1159/000011872\")","v":"10.1159/000011872"},"55","4","334-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549179\",\"9549179\")","v":"9549179"},0,0,0,0,1998,"Effects of p,p'-DDE on male reproductive organs in peripubertal Wistar rats following a single intraperitoneal injection.",0,0,"Romero YE","Fukuoka igaku zasshi = Hukuoka acta medica","Effects of p,p'-DDE on male reproductive organs in peripubertal Wistar rats following a single intraperitoneal injection.    ABSTRACT:  The effects of p,p'-DDE on male reproductive organs were investigated in detail in peripubertal Wistar rats following a single intraperitoneal injection. 220 mg/kg of p,p'-DDE (1/4 of LD50) were injected once into prepubertal and postpubertal Wistar rats and its effects were observed until 20 weeks of age. Weights of the body and reproductive organs in p,p'-DDE-injected rats were similar to those in control rats, who were injected with corn oil only. Sperm profile parameters such as spermatid number within the testis, sperm number within the epididymis, sperm motility and its morphology were not different between the prepubertal or postpubertal p,p'-DDE-exposed group and the control group. Like-wise, the histopathological examination at stage VII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, when the germ cells are sensitive to testosterone, was similar in all three groups during the observation period. Serum levels of testosterone also showed no significant changes by exposure to p,p'-DDE under the conditions of this study. From these results, the antiandrogenic or estrogenic activity attributed to p,p'-DDE was not confirmed in male reproductive organs and no impairment of sperm profile was observed. This study confirmed that the reproductive functions of matured animals are scarcely affected by p,p'-DDE exposure during the peripubertal period and revealed that they might be relatively resistant to exogenous endocrine-disrupting chemicals. p,p'-DDE may threaten the hormonal equilibrium required for normal gonadal development during the organogenesis period, at an earlier stage of life. Further studies are necessary to fully reveal all the effects of p,p'-DDE on male reproductive organs and sperm profile.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Body Weight/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects | Genitalia, Male/drug effects | Injections, Intraperitoneal | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Male | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"89","2","64-77","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9446727\",\"9446727\")","v":"9446727"},0,0,0,0,1998,"Interactions of gonadal steroids and pesticides (DDT, DDE) on gonaduct growth in larval tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum.",0,0,"Clark EJ, Norris DO, Jones RE","General and comparative endocrinology","Interactions of gonadal steroids and pesticides (DDT, DDE) on gonaduct growth in larval tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum.    ABSTRACT:  In view of the current worldwide decline in amphibian populations, exploratory studies are needed to assess the potential for environmental contaminants to act as endocrine disrupters of the amphibian reproductive system. The present study investigated the effects of DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) on the development of amphibian gonaducts. Larval male and female tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), with immature gonads, were immersed in a sublethal solution of p,p'-DDE or technical-grade DDT (80% p,p'-DDT and 20% o,p'-DDT). Additionally, larvae were injected with the steroid hormones estradiol or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Morphometrics were used to analyze the effects and interactions of steroid and pesticide treatments on larval gonaducts. Estradiol and DHT stimulated cell proliferation and hypertrophy of the müllerian duct epithelium in both sexes. Wolffian duct epithelium, however, was stimulated only by DHT treatment. The pesticide DDT antagonized the estrogenic actions of the steroid treatments, and p,p'-DDE acted as an estrogen on the müllerian ducts of females only. The müllerian ducts of males, and the wolffian ducts of both sexes, were unaffected by DDT or DDE alone. While confirming the previously reported estrogenic actions of estradiol and DHT on urodelean gonaducts, the results contradict the expected estrogenic actions of DDT and antiandrogenic actions of p,p'-DDE. Instead, in A. tigrinum, technical-grade DDT had an antiestrogenic action and p,p'-DDE an estrogenic action.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dihydrotestosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Cohort Studies | DDT/administration & dosage/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/administration & dosage/metabolism/toxicity | Dihydrotestosterone/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacology | Epithelium/drug effects | Estradiol/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacology | Female | Immersion | Injections, Intraperitoneal/veterinary | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/metabolism/toxicity | Larva/growth & development | Male | Mullerian Ducts/majr/anatomy & histology/drug effects | Urodela/majr/embryology/physiology | Wolffian Ducts/majr/anatomy & histology/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1997.7013\",\"10.1006/gcen.1997.7013\")","v":"10.1006/gcen.1997.7013"},"109","1","94-105","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D013196:Dihydrotestosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9323213\",\"9323213\")","v":"9323213"},0,0,0,0,1997,"Environmental exposure to p,p'-DDE and human fertility.",0,0,"Cocco PL","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Environmental exposure to p,p'-DDE and human fertility.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | DDT/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Female | Fertility/majr/drug effects | Humans | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900533\",\"10.1007/s001289900533\")","v":"10.1007/s001289900533"},"59","5","677-80","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9106076\",\"9106076\")","v":"9106076"},0,0,0,0,1997,"Environmental antiandrogens: developmental effects, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications.",1,0,"Kelce WR, Wilson EM","Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)","Environmental antiandrogens: developmental effects, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications.    ABSTRACT:  Industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants can disrupt reproductive development in wildlife and humans by mimicking or inhibiting the action of the gonadal steroid hormones, estradiol and testosterone. The toxicity of these so-called environmental endocrine disruptors is especially insidious during sex differentiation and development due to the crucial role of gonadal steroid hormones in regulating these processes. This review describes the mechanism of toxicity and clinical implications of a new class of environmental chemicals that inhibit androgen-mediated sex development. For several of these chemicals, including the agricultural fungicide vinclozolin and the ubiquitous and persistent 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolite, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene, the molecular mechanism of action and the adverse developmental effects on male sex differentiation have been elucidated and are used as examples. Environmental chemicals with antiandrogenic activity offer profound implications with regard to recent clinical observations that suggest an increasing incidence of human male genital tract malformations, male infertility, and female breast cancer. Finally, in light of increasing concern over the potential endocrine disrupting effects of environmental pollutants, an in vitro/in vivo investigational strategy is presented which has proved useful in identifying chemicals with antiandrogen activity and their mechanism of action.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Androgen Receptor Antagonists|Androgens|Environmental Pollutants|Oxazoles|Plant Extracts|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|saw palmetto extract|vinclozolin MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Androgen Receptor Antagonists | Androgens | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Gene Expression Regulation | Humans | Hypospadias/etiology | Male | Oxazoles/toxicity | Plant Extracts/toxicity | Serenoa | Sex Differentiation/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050104\",\"10.1007/s001090050104\")","v":"10.1007/s001090050104"},"75","3","198-207","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists|D000728:Androgens|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D010080:Oxazoles|D010936:Plant Extracts|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C040972:saw palmetto extract|C025643:vinclozolin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8661453\",\"8661453\")","v":"8661453"},0,0,0,0,1996,"High levels of HCB and DDE associated with reproductive failure in prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) from California.",0,0,"Jarman WM, Burns SA, Bacon CE, Rechtin J, DeBenedetti S, Linthicum JL, Walton BJ","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","High levels of HCB and DDE associated with reproductive failure in prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) from California.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Fungicides, Industrial|Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | California | Chromatography, Gas | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/toxicity | Eggs/analysis | Environmental Exposure | Female | Fungicides, Industrial/majr/analysis/toxicity | Hexachlorobenzene/majr/analysis/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900148\",\"10.1007/s001289900148\")","v":"10.1007/s001289900148"},"57","1","8-15","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D005659:Fungicides, Industrial|D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8843551\",\"8843551\")","v":"8843551"},0,0,0,0,1996,"Great Lakes fish as a source of maternal and fetal exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons.",0,0,"Waller DP, Presperin C, Drum ML, Negrusz A, Larsen AK, van der Ven H, Hibbard J","Toxicology and industrial health","Great Lakes fish as a source of maternal and fetal exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Dieldrin MeSH:  | Animals | Blacks | Body Burden | Chromatography, Gas | Cohort Studies | Data Collection | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/blood | Dieldrin/adverse effects/blood | Embryonic and Fetal Development/majr/drug effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Fishes/majr/metabolism | Food Contamination | Fresh Water | Great Lakes Region | Humans | Male | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy | Risk Assessment | Socioeconomic Factors | United States | United States Food and Drug Administration | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/adverse effects/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200306\",\"10.1177/074823379601200306\")","v":"10.1177/074823379601200306"},"12","3-4","335-45","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D004026:Dieldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596308\",\"8596308\")","v":"8596308"},0,0,0,0,1996,"DDT and testicular cancer.",0,0,"Ekbom A, Wicklund-Glynn A, Adami HO","Lancet (London, England)","DDT and testicular cancer.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Breast Feeding | DDT/majr/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/metabolism | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Male | Milk, Human/metabolism | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Scandinavian and Nordic Countries/epidemiology | Testicular Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91190-3\",\"10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91190-3\")","v":"10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91190-3"},"347","9000","553-4","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8579383\",\"8579383\")","v":"8579383"},0,0,0,0,1996,"The role of DDE and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in preterm birth.",0,0,"Berkowitz GS, Lapinski RH, Wolff MS","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","The role of DDE and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in preterm birth.    ABSTRACT:  Maternal serum levels of DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and their congeners were compared for 20 women who had a spontaneous preterm delivery and 20 matched women who had delivered at term at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York between October 1990 and August 1993. Since no substantial case-control differences were evident, these findings do not indicate that increased DDE or PCB levels are associated with spontaneous preterm birth.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Adult | Case-Control Studies | Chromatography, Gas | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Premature | Longitudinal Studies | Obstetric Labor, Premature/majr/chemically induced | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/blood | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211340\",\"10.1007/BF00211340\")","v":"10.1007/BF00211340"},"30","1","139-41","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7487154\",\"7487154\")","v":"7487154"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Contaminants of fishes from Great Lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan rivers: III. Implications for health of bald eagles.",0,0,"Giesy JP, Bowerman WW, Mora MA, Verbrugge DA, Othoudt RA, Newsted JL, Summer CL, Aulerich RJ, Bursian SJ, Ludwig JP","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Contaminants of fishes from Great Lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan rivers: III. Implications for health of bald eagles.    ABSTRACT:  Recently, there have been discussions of the relative merits of passage of fishes around hydroelectric dams on three rivers (Au Sable, Manistee, and Muskegon) in Michigan. A hazard assessment was conducted to determine the potential for adverse effects on bald eagles that could consume such fishes from above and below dams on the three primary rivers. The hazard assessments were verified by comparing the reproductive productivities of eagles nesting in areas where they ate primarily fish from either above or below dams on the three primary rivers, as well as on two additional rivers in Michigan, the Menominee and Thunder Bay. Concentrations of organochlorine insecticides (OCI), polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), and total mercury (Hg) were measured in composite samples of fishes from above and below hydroelectric dams on the Manistee and Muskegon Rivers, which flow into Lake Michigan, and the Au Sable River, which flows into Lake Huron. Mean concentrations of OCI, total PCBs, and TCDD-EQ were all greater in fishes from below the dams than in those from above. The hazard assessment indicated that current concentrations of Hg and OCI other than DDT (DDT+DDE+DDD) in fish from neither above nor below dams would present a significant hazard to bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Both total PCBs and TCDD-EQ in fishes from below the dams currently present a significant hazard to bald eagles, since their mean hazard quotients (HQ) were all greater than one.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Mercury Compounds|Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Dieldrin MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Dieldrin/analysis/toxicity | Fishes/majr/metabolism | Food Contamination | Fresh Water | Insecticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Mercury Compounds/majr/analysis/toxicity | Michigan | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/majr/analysis/toxicity | Quality Control | Reproduction/drug effects | Risk Assessment | Water Pollutants, Chemical",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212495\",\"10.1007/BF00212495\")","v":"10.1007/BF00212495"},"29","3","309-21","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D017669:Mercury Compounds|D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D004026:Dieldrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7637794\",\"7637794\")","v":"7637794"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Effects of DDE.",0,0,"Jukes TH","Nature","Effects of DDE.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Adult | Animals | Child | DDT/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Dogs | Humans | Male | Neoplasms/chemically induced | Occupational Exposure/adverse effects | Rats | Reproduction/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376545c0\",\"10.1038/376545c0\")","v":"10.1038/376545c0"},"376","6541","545","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7663097\",\"7663097\")","v":"7663097"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Maternal transfer of organochlorine compounds in Lake Superior siscowet (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet) to their eggs.",0,0,"Miller MA, Amrhein JF","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Maternal transfer of organochlorine compounds in Lake Superior siscowet (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet) to their eggs.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Analysis of Variance | Animals | Chromatography, Gel | DDT/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Fresh Water | Insecticides/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Muscles/chemistry/metabolism | Ovum/chemistry/metabolism | Pesticide Residues/majr/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/metabolism/toxicity | Pregnancy | Reproduction/drug effects | Trout/majr/metabolism | Wisconsin",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212394\",\"10.1007/BF00212394\")","v":"10.1007/BF00212394"},"55","1","96-103","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7791873\",\"7791873\")","v":"7791873"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Persistent DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist.",0,0,"Kelce WR, Stone CR, Laws SC, Gray LE, Kemppainen JA, Wilson EM","Nature","Persistent DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist.    ABSTRACT:  The increase in the number of reports of abnormalities in male sex development in wildlife and humans coincided with the introduction of 'oestrogenic' chemicals such as DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) into the environment. Although these phenotypic alterations are thought to be mediated by the oestrogen receptor, they are also consistent with inhibition of androgen receptor-mediated events. Here we report that the major and persistent DDT metabolite, p,p'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene), has little ability to bind the oestrogen receptor, but inhibits androgen binding to the androgen receptor, androgen-induced transcriptional activity, and androgen action in developing, pubertal and adult male rats. The results suggest that abnormalities in male sex development induced by p,p'-DDE and related environmental chemicals may be mediated at the level of the androgen receptor.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Androgen Receptor Antagonists|Receptors, Estrogen|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Androgen Receptor Antagonists/majr | Animals | Binding, Competitive | Cell Line | DDT/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity | Genes, Reporter | Haplorhini | Humans | Male | Molecular Structure | Rats | Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism | Sexual Maturation/drug effects | Transcription, Genetic/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375581a0\",\"10.1038/375581a0\")","v":"10.1038/375581a0"},"375","6532","581-5","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7791867\",\"7791867\")","v":"7791867"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Reproductive biology. Another DDT connection.",0,0,"Sharpe RM","Nature","Reproductive biology. Another DDT connection.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Androgen Antagonists|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Androgen Antagonists/majr/toxicity | Animals | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Female | Humans | Male | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375538a0\",\"10.1038/375538a0\")","v":"10.1038/375538a0"},"375","6532","538-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000726:Androgen Antagonists|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579910\",\"7579910\")","v":"7579910"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Transplacental toxicity of 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE in the developing adrenal cortex in mice.",0,0,"Jönsson J, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Brandt I","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Transplacental toxicity of 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE in the developing adrenal cortex in mice.    ABSTRACT:  The transplacental transfer, irreversible binding, and ultrastructural lesions in the fetal adrenal cortex were studied following single injections of the persistent DDT-metabolite 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE (MeSO2-DDE) in pregnant C57B1 mice. Tape-section autoradiograms of fetuses on gestation days 12 to 17 revealed a high and tissue-specific accumulation of MeSO2-DDE-14C-derived radioactivity in the fetal adrenal gland. On gestation day 12 the adrenal radioactivity could be extracted with organic solvents, whereas on days 13 to 17 the radioactivity in the adrenal was irreversibly bound and could not be extracted from the tissue. As determined by computer-assisted image analysis of autoradiograms, the uptake of radioactivity in the fetal adrenals increased continuously with gestational age. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial degeneration and vacuolation in fetal adrenal cortex cells following injection of MeSO2-DDE (25 mg/kg b.w.) to the pregnant dam. The lesions were clearly visible on days 14 to 15 but most pronounced on days 16 to 17. Administration of the cytochrome P450(11 beta) inhibitor metyrapone to pregnant dams (gestation day 17) reduced the mitochondrial toxicity induced by MeSO2-DDE in the fetal adrenal cortex. In conclusion, the adrenocorticolytic DDT metabolite MeSO2-DDE is transformed to a reactive, cytotoxic metabolite in the fetal adrenal cortex from its earliest stage of development. Hence, the activating cytochrome P450 form, previously proposed to be P450(11 beta), seems to be expressed during gestation days 12 to 13 in the adrenal cortex in the mouse fetus.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene|Metyrapone MeSH:  | Adrenal Cortex/majr/drug effects/embryology/ultrastructure | Animals | Autoradiography | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity | Drug Therapy, Combination | Embryonic and Fetal Development/majr/drug effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Female | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr/drug effects | Metyrapone/pharmacology | Mice | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Mitochondria/drug effects/ultrastructure | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(95)00013-z\",\"10.1016/0890-6238(95)00013-z\")","v":"10.1016/0890-6238(95)00013-z"},"9","3","257-64","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C055238:1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene|D008797:Metyrapone|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7556029\",\"7556029\")","v":"7556029"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Reproductive impairment in the Florida panther: nature or nurture?",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1519283\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Facemire CF, Gross TS, Guillette LJ","Environmental health perspectives","Reproductive impairment in the Florida panther: nature or nurture?    ABSTRACT:  Many of the remaining members of the endangered Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) population suffer from one or more of a variety of physiological, reproductive, endocrine, and immune system defects including congenital heart defects, abnormal sperm, low sperm density, cryptorchidism, thyroid dysfunction, and possible immunosuppression. Mercury contamination, determined to be the cause of death of a female panther in 1989, was presented as the likely cause of thyroid dysfunction. As genetic diversity in the species was less than expected, all of the other abnormalities have been attributed to inbreeding. However, exposure to a variety of chemical compounds, especially those that have been identified as environmental endocrine disrupters (including mercury, p,p'-DDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls), has elicited all of the listed abnormalities in other species. A number of these contaminants are present in South Florida. An exposure pathway has been identified, and evidence presented in this paper, including the fact that there appears to be no significant difference between serum estradiol levels in males and females, suggests that many male panthers may have been demasculinized and feminized as a result of either prenatal or postnatal exposure. Thus, regardless of the effects of inbreeding, current evidence seems to indicate that environmental contaminants may be a major factor contributing to reproductive impairment in the Florida panther population.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Testosterone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Estradiol|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury MeSH:  | Animals | Carnivora/majr/genetics/metabolism/physiology | Cryptorchidism/chemically induced/epidemiology/genetics/veterinary | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Environmental Exposure | Estradiol/blood/metabolism | Female | Florida | Immunosuppression Therapy | Incidence | Male | Mercury/adverse effects | Pedigree | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects | Radioimmunoassay | Reproduction/majr/drug effects/physiology | Sperm Count/drug effects | Testosterone/blood/metabolism | Thyroid Gland/drug effects/physiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.103-1519283\",\"10.1289/ehp.103-1519283\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.103-1519283"},"103 Suppl 4","Suppl 4","79-86","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D013739:Testosterone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D004958:Estradiol|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7556024\",\"7556024\")","v":"7556024"},0,0,0,0,1995,"A review of factors affecting productivity of bald eagles in the Great Lakes region: implications for recovery.",1,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1519271\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Bowerman WW, Giesy JP, Best DA, Kramer VJ","Environmental health perspectives","A review of factors affecting productivity of bald eagles in the Great Lakes region: implications for recovery.    ABSTRACT:  The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) population in North America declined greatly after World War II due primarily to the eggshell thinning effects of p,p'-DDE, a biodegradation product of DDT. After the banning of DDT in the United States and Canada during the early 1970s, the bald eagle population started to increase. However, this population recovery has not been uniform. Eagles nesting along the shorelines of the North American Great Lakes and rivers open to spawning runs of anadromous fishes from the Great Lakes still exhibit impaired reproduction. We have explored both ecological and toxicological factors that would limit reproduction of bald eagles in the Great Lakes region. Based on our studies, the most critical factors influencing eagle populations are concentrations of environmental toxicants. While there might be some continuing effects of DDE, total PCBs and most importantly 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ) in fishes from the Great Lakes and rivers open to spawning runs of anadromous fishes from the Great Lakes currently represent a significant hazard to bald eagles living along these shorelines or near these rivers and are most likely related to the impaired reproduction in bald eagles living there.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Hazardous Waste|Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/growth & development/physiology | DDT/adverse effects/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/pharmacology | Fresh Water | Great Lakes Region | Hazardous Waste/adverse effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/pharmacology | Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/adverse effects/pharmacology | Reproduction/majr/drug effects/physiology | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/adverse effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s451\",\"10.1289/ehp.95103s451\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.95103s451"},"103 Suppl 4","Suppl 4","51-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006256:Hazardous Waste|D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8411248\",\"8411248\")","v":"8411248"},0,0,0,0,1993,"Re: Blood levels of organochlorine residues and risk of breast cancer.",0,0,"Longnecker MP, London SJ","Journal of the National Cancer Institute","Re: Blood levels of organochlorine residues and risk of breast cancer.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Breast Neoplasms/majr/blood/chemically induced | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/blood | Female | Humans | Lactation | Parity | Pregnancy | Regression Analysis | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.20.1696\",\"10.1093/jnci/85.20.1696\")","v":"10.1093/jnci/85.20.1696"},"85","20","1696-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1591480\",\"1591480\")","v":"1591480"},0,0,0,0,1992,"Adrenocortical toxicity of 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE; 3: Studies in fetal and suckling mice.",0,0,"Jönsson CJ, Lund BO, Bergman A, Brandt I","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Adrenocortical toxicity of 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE; 3: Studies in fetal and suckling mice.    ABSTRACT:  Irreversible binding and toxicity of the DDT metabolite 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE (MeSO2-DDE) were examined in fetuses and suckling pups following administration to pregnant or lactating C57Bl mice. Tape-section autoradiography showed a high and tissue-specific accumulation and binding of MeSO2-DDE-14C-derived radioactivity in the late gestational fetal adrenal cortex. According to microautoradiography an irreversibly bound residue was confined to the zona fasciculata. Similarly, there was a high concentration of irreversibly bound 14C-labelled material in the adrenal zona fasciculata of suckling pups. Intraperitoneal injection of MeSO2-DDE-14C to lactating mice resulted in higher concentrations of radioactivity in the liver and stomach contents (milk) of the suckling pups than in the maternal liver. This treatment also resulted in a higher level of radioactivity in the adrenals of the pups than in the maternal adrenals, both at a subtoxic and at a toxic dose. Histopathologic examination of adrenals from suckling pups revealed extensive vacuolation and necrosis of the zona fasciculata 2 days following a single dose of MeSO2-DDE (25 mg/kg) to the dam. In the fetal adrenal zona fasciculata, slight degenerative changes were observed following a maternal dose of 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, the study shows that MeSO2-DDE is a highly tissue-specific toxicant to the fetal and postnatal adrenal zona fasciculata in mice. Based on the present data and on previous results in adult mice, we propose that a tissue-specific activation to a reactive metabolite in the fetal and postnatal adrenal cortex is mediated by cytochrome P-450 (11 beta).  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene MeSH:  | Adrenal Cortex/majr/drug effects/embryology/pathology | Animals | Animals, Suckling | Autoradiography | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr | Mice | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(92)90178-v\",\"10.1016/0890-6238(92)90178-v\")","v":"10.1016/0890-6238(92)90178-v"},"6","3","233-40","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|C055238:1-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)benzene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1370187\",\"1370187\")","v":"1370187"},0,0,0,0,1992,"Differential effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane analogs, chlordecone, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on establishment of pregnancy in the hypophysectomized rat.",0,0,"Johnson DC, Sen M, Dey SK","Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)","Differential effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane analogs, chlordecone, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on establishment of pregnancy in the hypophysectomized rat.    ABSTRACT:  Many of the organochlorine pesticides have been shown to elicit estrogenic responses in laboratory animals. Two estrogenic actions, initiation of implantation and maintenance of pregnancy, were examined in progesterone-primed, delayed-implanting, hypophysectomized rats exposed to several polychlorinated hydrocarbons. The insecticide P,P'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was nearly devoid of estrogenic activity for initiating implantation, as was a dichloro analog, 1,1-dichloro-2-[p-chlorophenyl],2-[o-chlorophenyl]ethane (O,P'-DDD), but another such analog, 1,1-dichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl),2-(o-chlorophenyl)ethylene (O,P'-DDE), was nearly as estrogenic as the O,P'-DDT isomer of DDT and the methoxylated analog methoxychlor. The latter three compounds not only initiated implantation, but maintained pregnancy when given in large (200 mg/kg) and repeated doses. Another insecticide, chlordecone (Kepone) was more estrogenic than any of the DDT analogs and maintained pregnancy with a single dose of 50 mg/kg. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a toxic contaminant of herbicide production, did not induce implantation at a dose of 125 micrograms/kg, but inhibited the implantation initiated by estrone in 35% of the animals. The mechanism of this antiestrogenicity is unknown but most probably does not involve direct action via the classical estrogen receptor. The possible interference with the normal blastocyst-uterine interactions of these polychlorinated xenobiotics may be an important factor in their being considered reproductive toxins.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|Estrone|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Chlordecone|Methoxychlor MeSH:  | Animals | Blastocyst/drug effects | Chlordecone/majr/pharmacology | DDT/majr/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/pharmacology | Embryo Implantation/majr/drug effects | Estrone/pharmacology | Female | Hypophysectomy/majr | Methoxychlor/majr/pharmacology | Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/majr/pharmacology | Pregnancy | Pregnancy, Animal/majr/drug effects/physiology | Rats",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/00379727-199-43326\",\"10.3181/00379727-199-43326\")","v":"10.3181/00379727-199-43326"},"199","1","42-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins|D004970:Estrone|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D007631:Chlordecone|D008731:Methoxychlor|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1899991\",\"1899991\")","v":"1899991"},0,0,0,0,1991,"Effects of mercury, selenium, and organochlorine contaminants on reproduction of Forster's terns and black skimmers nesting in a contaminated Texas Bay.",0,0,"King KA, Custer TW, Quinn JS","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Effects of mercury, selenium, and organochlorine contaminants on reproduction of Forster's terns and black skimmers nesting in a contaminated Texas Bay.    ABSTRACT:  Mean mercury (0.40 micrograms/g), and geometric mean DDE (1.6 micrograms/g) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (2.3 micrograms/g) concentrations in Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) eggs from Lavaca Bay were higher than those in tern eggs from a reference area in San Antonio Bay, but residues were not correlated with hatching success. Nest success was similar between bays. Selenium levels in Lavaca Bay tern eggs (0.71 micrograms/g) were also comparable to those in eggs from the reference area (0.68 micrograms/g). Clutch size (3.1 to 3.4) of Lavaca Bay black skimmers (Rynchops niger) was no different than that (3.4) at a reference colony near Laguna Vista. Nest success was similar among three Lavaca Bay colonies, but success was lower at one Lavaca Bay colony (40%) than at Laguna Vista (65%). Mean mercury (0.46 micrograms/g) and selenium (0.75 micrograms/g) concentrations in skimmer eggs from Lavaca Bay were higher than those (0.19, 0.33 micrograms/g) from Laguna Vista; however, concentrations of neither contaminant were related to hatching success. DDE concentrations in Lavaca Bay skimmer eggs (3.4 micrograms/g) were similar to those from Laguna Vista (3.2 micrograms/g) and DDE was negatively correlated with hatching success. PCBs were higher in eggs from Lavaca Bay (1.3 micrograms/g) than Laguna Vista (0.8 micrograms/g). Organochlorine and metal contaminants in most eggs were below embryotoxic levels. Eggshell thinning in Forster's terns (7%) and black skimmers (5%) was below that associated with lowered reproduction. DDE and PCBs were detected in 9 Caspian tern (S. caspia) eggs; maximum concentrations were 4.7 and 5.4 micrograms/g. Caspian tern and least tern (S. albifrons) eggs contained low (less than or equal to 0.9 micrograms/g) concentrations of mercury and selenium.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury|Selenium MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis/toxicity | Egg Shell/drug effects | Eggs/majr/analysis | Mercury/majr/analysis/toxicity | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Selenium/majr/analysis/toxicity | Texas | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065325\",\"10.1007/BF01065325\")","v":"10.1007/BF01065325"},"20","1","32-40","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|D012643:Selenium|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3142988\",\"3142988\")","v":"3142988"},0,0,0,0,1988,"Development after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene transplacentally and through human milk.",0,0,"Gladen BC, Rogan WJ, Hardy P, Thullen J, Tingelstad J, Tully M","The Journal of pediatrics","Development after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene transplacentally and through human milk.    ABSTRACT:  To determine whether exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE), either transplacentally or through breast feeding, affected scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6 or 12 months of age.Cohort followed from birth to 1 year of age.General community.Volunteer sample of 858 infants, of whom 802 had Bayley scores available at either 6 months or 12 months or both.None.Bayley scales and chemical measurements were done independently. Higher transplacental exposure to PCBs was associated with lower psychomotor scores at both 6 and 12 months of age; the difference between the mean scores in the lowest and highest PCB groups was 7 points at 6 months and 8 points at 12 months. Higher transplacental exposure to DDE was associated with higher mental scores at 6 months of age (the difference between the mean scores in the lowest and highest DDE groups was 6 points), but no relationship was seen at 12 months. Exposure to either chemical through breast feeding was apparently unrelated to Bayley scores.Transplacental exposure to PCBs was associated with lower psychomotor scores. No deleterious effects were associated with breast feeding.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Brain/drug effects | Breast Feeding/majr | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Intelligence/drug effects | Milk, Human/majr/analysis | Neuropsychological Tests | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Psychomotor Performance/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80569-9\",\"10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80569-9\")","v":"10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80569-9"},"113","6","991-5","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3115123\",\"3115123\")","v":"3115123"},0,0,0,0,1987,"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk: effects on growth, morbidity, and duration of lactation.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1647130\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Rogan WJ, Gladen BC, McKinney JD, Carreras N, Hardy P, Thullen J, Tingelstad J, Tully M","American journal of public health","Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk: effects on growth, morbidity, and duration of lactation.    ABSTRACT:  We followed 858 children from birth to one year of age to determine whether the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in breast milk affected their growth or health. Neither chemical showed an adverse effect on weight or frequency of physician visits for various illnesses, although differences were seen between breast-fed and bottle-fed children, with bottle-fed children being heavier and having more frequent gastroenteritis and otitis media. Children of mothers with higher levels of DDE were breast-fed for markedly shorter times, but adjustments for possible confounders and biases did not change the findings. In absence of any apparent effect on the health of the children, we speculate that DDE may be interfering with the mother's ability to lactate, possibly because of its estrogenic properties.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Body Weight/drug effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/pharmacology | Female | Health Status | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Lactation/majr/drug effects | Milk, Human/analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/pharmacology | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.77.10.1294\",\"10.2105/ajph.77.10.1294\")","v":"10.2105/ajph.77.10.1294"},"77","10","1294-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090217\",\"3090217\")","v":"3090217"},0,0,0,0,1986,"Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to PCBs and DDE.",0,0,"Rogan WJ, Gladen BC, McKinney JD, Carreras N, Hardy P, Thullen J, Tinglestad J, Tully M","The Journal of pediatrics","Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to PCBs and DDE.    ABSTRACT:  Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) were examined in a study of 912 infants. Birth weight, head circumference, and neonatal jaundice showed no relationship to PCBs or DDE. We also administered the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales, which are psychologic and neurologic tests designed for use in newborn infants. The results of these tests showed that higher PCB levels were associated with hypotonicity and hyporeflexia and that higher DDE levels were associated with hyporeflexia.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Birth Weight | Breast Feeding | Child Development | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Female | Head/anatomy & histology | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Newborn, Diseases/majr/chemically induced | Jaundice, Neonatal/chemically induced | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr | Muscle Tonus | North Carolina | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prospective Studies | Reflex, Abnormal/majr/chemically induced | Risk",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80397-3\",\"10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80397-3\")","v":"10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80397-3"},"109","2","335-41","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3950997\",\"3950997\")","v":"3950997"},0,0,0,0,1986,"Effects of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethylene (DDE) on lactation in rats.",0,0,"Kornbrust D, Gillis B, Collins B, Goehl T, Gupta B, Schwetz B","Journal of toxicology and environmental health","Effects of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethylene (DDE) on lactation in rats.    ABSTRACT:  An inverse correlation between the concentration of DDE in human breast milk samples and the duration of breast feeding prompted the present study of the effects of DDE administration on the lactational performance of primiparous rats. Daily doses of 10 mg p,p'-DDE/kg body weight were given to virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats 5 d/wk for 5 wk prior to mating and continued throughout the gestation and lactation periods. Lactation capacity was determined by monitoring neonatal growth and by measuring milk production, milk composition (total protein, total lipid, and lactose), and mammary-gland weight and nucleic acid content on d 9 and 20 postpartum. Gross toxicity was assessed by monitoring clinical signs and body weight of the dams, and by measuring organ weights of the dams on lactation d 9 and 20. Histopathological evaluation of the mammary glands and selected organs in the dams and pups was also performed. The dose level of DDE employed was apparently not toxic to the dams and did not have a pronounced effect on neonatal mortality. No significant differences between DDE-treated and control groups were observed for any of the lactation parameters, even though the concentration of DDE in the milk of treated rats was approximately two orders of magnitude greater than the upper range of the DDE levels measured in human milk samples. These findings indicate that DDE does not adversely affect lactation or neonatal growth in Sprague-Dawley rats at the dose level used in this study.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Lipids|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Lactation/majr/drug effects | Lipids/analysis | Male | Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects | Milk/analysis | Pregnancy | Rats | Rats, Inbred Strains | Reproduction/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530799\",\"10.1080/15287398609530799\")","v":"10.1080/15287398609530799"},"17","1","23-36","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D008055:Lipids|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3095555\",\"3095555\")","v":"3095555"},0,0,0,0,1986,"Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay.",0,0,"Hoffman DJ, Rattner BA, Bunck CM, Krynitsky A, Ohlendorf HM, Lowe RW","Journal of toxicology and environmental health","Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay.    ABSTRACT:  Reproductive problems, including congenital malformations, reduced hatching success, and decreased survival of hatchlings, have been observed in colonial-nesting water birds at the San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (SFBNWR). Twenty-four black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs were collected from SFBNWR in 1983. Twelve of these were collected from separate nests when late-stage embryos were pipping, and an additional egg was randomly collected from each nest for organochlorine analysis. Overt anomalies and skeletal defects were not apparent. Embryonic weights (with partially absorbed yolk sacs removed) were 15% lower (p less than 0.05) in SFBNWR embryos compared to control embryos from the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC). Crown-rump length and femur length were shorter for SFBNWR embryos. The geometric mean polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration in SFBNWR eggs was 4.1 ppm wet weight, with a range of 0.8-52.0 ppm. A negative correlation (r = -0.61; p less than 0.05) existed between embryonic weight and log-transformed PCB residues in whole eggs collected from the same nest at SFBNWR, suggesting a possible impact of PCBs on embryonic growth. A correlation with embryonic weight did not occur for DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene] residues. Liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was neither significantly elevated nor correlated with PCB, DDE, or PCB plus DDE log-transformed residues. It is unknown whether the apparent association between PCBs and lower weight is persistent through hatching.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases MeSH:  | Animals | Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/analysis | Birds/majr/physiology | Body Burden | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects | Ovum/drug effects | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/analysis/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530936\",\"10.1080/15287398609530936\")","v":"10.1080/15287398609530936"},"19","3","383-91","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431365\",\"2431365\")","v":"2431365"},0,0,0,0,1986,"Maternally mediated exposure of the fetus: in utero exposure to lead and other toxins.",1,0,"Silbergeld EK","Neurotoxicology","Maternally mediated exposure of the fetus: in utero exposure to lead and other toxins.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Heptachlor Epoxide|Lead|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorobenzene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Dieldrin|Calcium|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Amniotic Fluid/analysis | Animals | Calcium/metabolism | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/analysis | Dieldrin/analysis | Female | Fetal Diseases/chemically induced | Heptachlor Epoxide/analysis | Hexachlorobenzene/analysis | Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis | Humans | Kinetics | Lactation | Lead/toxicity | Lead Poisoning/majr/physiopathology | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"7","2","557-68","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D006534:Heptachlor Epoxide|D007854:Lead|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D006581:Hexachlorobenzene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D004026:Dieldrin|D002118:Calcium|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3935192\",\"3935192\")","v":"3935192"},0,0,0,0,1985,"Organochlorine residues and eggshell measurements for tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor in Colorado.",0,0,"DeWeese LR, Cohen RR, Stafford CJ","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Organochlorine residues and eggshell measurements for tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor in Colorado.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/metabolism/physiology | Colorado | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/analysis | Egg Shell/majr/analysis | Female | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Male | Pesticide Residues/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects/analysis | Reproduction/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636586\",\"10.1007/BF01636586\")","v":"10.1007/BF01636586"},"35","6","767-75","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3928347\",\"3928347\")","v":"3928347"},0,0,0,0,1985,"Study of human lactation for effects of environmental contaminants: the North Carolina Breast Milk and Formula Project and some other ideas.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1568567\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Rogan WJ, Gladen BC","Environmental health perspectives","Study of human lactation for effects of environmental contaminants: the North Carolina Breast Milk and Formula Project and some other ideas.    ABSTRACT:  The presence of environmental contaminant chemicals in human milk, their demonstrated toxicity, and the lack of data in human beings led to the North Carolina Breast Milk and Formula project, a three-center prospective birth cohort study of 856 children. In this study, we measure polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDE in milk and other fluids, follow the course of lactation, and note growth, morbidity and development in the children. Lactation is hormonally complicated and has parts that are plausibly interfered with by contaminant chemicals, and certain kinds of morbidity that occur in breastfed children might also represent the result of chemical contamination of milk. Preliminary data analysis confirms the widespread presence of chemicals in milk; women with higher DDE levels do not breast-feed as long, but this is not true for women with higher PCBs. Besides this study, several case-control or survey-type studies, such as studies of failure to thrive, certain rashes, or short-term breast-feeding would be helpful. Laboratory studies of enzyme induction are now feasible in children and might be a very sensitive if not totally specific endpoint for study of PCBs in milk.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Breast Feeding | Child Development/drug effects | Child, Preschool | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Fetus/drug effects | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Longitudinal Studies | Milk, Human/majr/analysis | North Carolina | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8560215\",\"10.1289/ehp.8560215\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.8560215"},"60","","215-21","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6186820\",\"6186820\")","v":"6186820"},0,0,0,0,1983,"A comparison of organochlorine insecticide contents in specimens of maternal blood, placenta, and umbilical-cord blood from stillborn and live-born cases.",0,0,"Saxena MC, Siddiqui MK, Agarwal V, Kuuty D","Journal of toxicology and environmental health","A comparison of organochlorine insecticide contents in specimens of maternal blood, placenta, and umbilical-cord blood from stillborn and live-born cases.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Hexachlorocyclohexane|DDT|Hexachlorophene|Aldrin|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Aldrin/analysis | Animals | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/analysis | Dogs | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/analysis | Fetal Death/majr/chemically induced | Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis | Hexachlorophene/analysis | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/analysis/blood | Male | Placenta/majr/analysis | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398309530321\",\"10.1080/15287398309530321\")","v":"10.1080/15287398309530321"},"11","1","71-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|D003634:DDT|D006582:Hexachlorophene|D000452:Aldrin|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6780970\",\"6780970\")","v":"6780970"},0,0,0,0,1980,"Effects of DDE, TDE, and PCBs on shell thickness of western grebe eggs, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah--1973-74.",0,0,"Lindvall ML, Low JB","Pesticides monitoring journal","Effects of DDE, TDE, and PCBs on shell thickness of western grebe eggs, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah--1973-74.    ABSTRACT:  DDE, TDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as Aroclors 1260 and 1254 were detected in low concentrations in eggs of western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) from Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah. DDE was the only contaminant which was both negatively correlated with eggshell thickness and a significant variable in a multiple regression model for predicting eggshell thickness. The eggshell thickness index for western grebe decreased 2.3 percent from pre- to post-DDT-use periods. Incubation stage appeared to have no measurable correlation with eggshell thickness. The small amount of eggshell thinning seen in western grebe eggs at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge appeared to have no detectable effect on reproduction.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/majr/toxicity | Egg Shell/majr | Eggs/analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/toxicity | Utah",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"14","3","108-11","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6785717\",\"6785717\")","v":"6785717"},0,0,0,0,1980,"Significance of organochlorine and heavy metal residues in wintering shorebirds at Corpus Christi, Texas, 1976-77.",0,0,"White DH, King KA, Prouty RM","Pesticides monitoring journal","Significance of organochlorine and heavy metal residues in wintering shorebirds at Corpus Christi, Texas, 1976-77.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine and heavy metal residues were determined in 103 shorebirds of seven species collected at Corpus Christi, Texas, during the winter of 1976-77 to evaluate their potential effects on population survival, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in most samples. Chlordane isomers, dieldrin, toxaphene, and heptachlor epoxide also occurred, but less frequently. In general, organochlorine residues were low in skinned carcasses. Geometric means on a wet weight basis ranged from 0.25 ppm to 4.76 ppm for DDE and from 0.67 ppm to 6.64 ppm for PCBs; residues of the other compounds averaged less than 1 ppm in all instances. Mercury, lead, arsenic and vanadium occurred in all shorebird livers, and selenium and cadmium were detected in all kidneys. Residues of these metals, except selenium, were low in most tissue samples. Selenium averages varied from 1.77 ppm to 5.62 ppm (wet weight) in kidneys; residues in this range may be sufficient to inhibit reproduction or to induce other forms of toxicity, especially at the higher levels.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Metals|Cadmium|Lead|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Mercury|Selenium|Arsenic MeSH:  | Animals | Arsenic/analysis | Birds/majr/metabolism | Cadmium/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Insecticides/majr/analysis | Lead/analysis | Mercury/analysis | Metals/majr/analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Selenium/analysis | Texas | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"14","2","58-63","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D008670:Metals|D002104:Cadmium|D007854:Lead|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D008628:Mercury|D012643:Selenium|D001151:Arsenic|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7459481\",\"7459481\")","v":"7459481"},0,0,0,0,1980,"South Louisiana crude oil and DDE in the diet of mallard hens: Effects on reproduction and duckling survival.",0,0,"Vangilder LD, Peterle TJ","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","South Louisiana crude oil and DDE in the diet of mallard hens: Effects on reproduction and duckling survival.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Fuel Oils|Petroleum|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Body Temperature Regulation | Body Weight | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/adverse effects | Ducks/majr/physiology | Female | Fuel Oils/majr/adverse effects | Mortality | Petroleum/majr/adverse effects | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01985480\",\"10.1007/BF01985480\")","v":"10.1007/BF01985480"},"25","1","23-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D005648:Fuel Oils|D010578:Petroleum|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/465768\",\"465768\")","v":"465768"},0,0,0,0,1979,"Further studies on the toxicity of DDT to Planaria.",0,0,"Kouyoumjian HH, Villeneuve JP","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Further studies on the toxicity of DDT to Planaria.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/majr/metabolism/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/metabolism | Planarians/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Regeneration/drug effects | Reproduction, Asexual/drug effects | Time Factors | Turbellaria/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"22","1-2","108-112","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/111734\",\"111734\")","v":"111734"},0,0,0,0,1979,"Brown pelican: population status, reproductive success, and organochlorine residues in Louisiana, 1971-1976.",0,0,"Blus L, Cromartie E, McNease L, Joanen T","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Brown pelican: population status, reproductive success, and organochlorine residues in Louisiana, 1971-1976.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Dieldrin|Endrin|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/analysis | Dieldrin/analysis | Egg Shell/analysis | Endrin/analysis/poisoning | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Louisiana | Pesticide Residues | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026919\",\"10.1007/BF02026919\")","v":"10.1007/BF02026919"},"22","1-2","128-35","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D004026:Dieldrin|D004732:Endrin|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/901008\",\"901008\")","v":"901008"},0,0,0,0,1977,"Shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of DDE dosage.",0,0,"Longcore JR, Stendell RC","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of DDE dosage.    ABSTRACT:  Captive black ducks (anas rubripes) were fed dietary DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] at 10 ppm (dry weight; about 2 ppm on a natural diet basis) for 2 breeding seasons, then untreated feed for 2 succeeding years. Residues of DDE in the carcasses of adults declined 90% during the 2-year clean-up period. Following 2 years of dietary DDE, mean residues in eggs reached 64.9 ppm. Even after 2 years on clean feed, DDE residues in the eggs averaged 6.2 ppm or 9.5% of the mean DDE level reached after 2 years on treated feed. Shells of eggs from treated hens were about 20% thinner than shells of eggs from controls. Stoppage of DDE dosage resulted in progressively thicker shells, yet even after 2 years on untreated feed hens laid eggs with shells about 10% thinner than control hens. After DDE was removed from the diet, DDE residues in the eggs decreased, shell thickness increased, and reproductive success improved. Hens previously exposed to DDE, but then fed clean feed for 2 years, still produced significantly fewer surviving ducklings than did control hens.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/analysis/pharmacology/toxicity | Ducks/majr/physiology | Egg Shell/majr | Eggs/analysis | Female | Male | Muscles/analysis | Pesticide Residues/analysis | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097770\",\"10.1007/BF02097770\")","v":"10.1007/BF02097770"},"6","2-3","293-304","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1019080\",\"1019080\")","v":"1019080"},0,0,0,0,1976,"Effect of DDE, DDT and calcium on the performance of adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).",0,0,"Robson WA, Arscott GH, Tinsley IJ","Poultry science","Effect of DDE, DDT and calcium on the performance of adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).    ABSTRACT:  Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of DDE, DDT and calcium on performance of quail. The quail received diets containing 0 or 100 p.p.m. of DDE for eight 28-day periods in Exp. 1 and 0, 100 or 300 p.p.m. of DDE or 100 p.p.m of DDT for six periods in Exp. 2. Diets containing either 0.5 or 3% calcium were used with each pesticide level. No differences in egg shell thickness, cracked eggs, egg production, feed consumption, egg weights, female body weights, fertility or hatchability were obtained from DDE or DDT up to 100 p.p.m. Three hundred p.p.m. of DDE did result in a decrease in female body weights and in fertility on the low calcium diet. Egg shell thickness, cracked eggs, egg production and hatchability were affected by the lower calcium level. Male body weights were adversely affected from 100 p.p.m. or more of DDE. Mortality increased as the level of DDE increased for females, while no effect was observed with DDT. Males appeared more sensitive to 100 p.p.m. of DDE in Exp. 1 and 300 p.p.m of DDE and 100 p.p.m. of DDT in Exp. 2. Livability and growth of chicks from hens receiving rations containing DDE AND DDT were unaffected by maternal treatment. In summary, DDE and DDT were without effect on egg shell quality or most other reproductive factors, but DDE at 300 p.p.m. did exert a detrimental effect on adult body weights, fertility and mortality.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Calcium, Dietary|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Body Weight | Calcium, Dietary/majr/metabolism | Coturnix/majr/growth & development/metabolism/physiology | DDT/majr/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/majr/toxicity | Egg Shell | Eggs | Female | Fertility/drug effects | Male | Quail/majr/physiology | Sex Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0552222\",\"10.3382/ps.0552222\")","v":"10.3382/ps.0552222"},"55","6","2222-7","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D002136:Calcium, Dietary|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/982467\",\"982467\")","v":"982467"},0,0,0,0,1976,"Dosage relationships associated with DDT in milk.",0,0,"Hayes WJ","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","Dosage relationships associated with DDT in milk.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Age Factors | Animals | Brain Chemistry | DDT/majr/administration & dosage/metabolism/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/metabolism | Diet | Female | Gastric Mucosa/metabolism | Injections, Intraperitoneal | Intubation, Gastrointestinal | Milk/majr/analysis | Pregnancy | Rats | Sex Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(76)90156-3\",\"10.1016/0041-008x(76)90156-3\")","v":"10.1016/0041-008x(76)90156-3"},"38","1","19-28","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/934744\",\"934744\")","v":"934744"},0,0,0,0,1976,"Insecticide exposure of mothers and newborns in a rural agricultural area.",0,0,"D'Ercole AJ, Arthur RD, Cain JD, Barrentine BF","Pediatrics","Insecticide exposure of mothers and newborns in a rural agricultural area.    ABSTRACT:  Pregnant women in a rural agricultural area were found to have levels of residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in their serum which were comparable to those found in occupationally exposed men. Cord blood of offspring also had significant residue levels. Residues were higher in blacks and in mothers living in rural areas where exposure was more intense. In newborns no signs or symptoms compatible with acute chlorinated hydrocarbon poisoning were found. Despite the lack of DDT use during most of the study period, over 90% of the mothers. 84% of the black newborns, and 45% of the white newborns demonstrated evidence of recent DDT exposure.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Agriculture | DDT/blood | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Fetal Blood | Fetus/majr/drug effects | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Infant, Newborn, Diseases/majr/chemically induced | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Mississippi | Pregnancy | Rural Population/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"57","6","869-74","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1239078\",\"1239078\")","v":"1239078"},0,0,0,0,1975,"Brown pelicans: improved reproduction off the southern California coast.",0,0,"Anderson DW, Jehl JR, Risebrough RW, Woods LA, Deweese LR, Edgecomb WG","Science (New York, N.Y.)","Brown pelicans: improved reproduction off the southern California coast.    ABSTRACT:  Although still about 30 percent too low for population stability, productivity of California brown pelicans at their two northern colonies has improved significantly since 1971. Numbers of adults breeding probably reflect food supplies and recruitment from more successful colonies to the south, but improving fledging rates (up to 0.9 young per nest in 1974) reflect better egg survival and improving eggshell condition, with declining DDE contamination in anchovies, their major food source.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Birds/majr/physiology | DDT/majr/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Egg Shell/drug effects | Female | Ovum/drug effects/ultrastructure | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Water Pollution, Chemical",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1239078\",\"10.1126/science.1239078\")","v":"10.1126/science.1239078"},"190","4216","806-8","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/808792\",\"808792\")","v":"808792"},0,0,0,0,1975,"Organochlorine residues in Alaskan peregrines.",0,0,"Peakall DB, Cade TJ, White CM, Haugh JR","Pesticides monitoring journal","Organochlorine residues in Alaskan peregrines.    ABSTRACT:  Organochlorine residue levels in eggs of Alaskan peregrines have remained essentially constant over the period 1969-73 despite decreased usage of these compounds in the United States and Canada. Studies on reproductive success in Great Britain and data on eggshell-thinning suggest that DDE residues above 20 ppm wet weight in peregrine eggs are associated with inability to maintain population levels. Residues in mainland Alaska are well above this critical figure and the reproductive rate is low. On the Colville River in northwestern Alaska, the last young falcons will fledge in 1975 and the remaining adult population will disappear by 1980 unless the present rate of reproductive failure is drastically and quickly reversed. In the Aleutians, however, levels range from 5 to 7 ppm and the reproductive rate is adequate to maintain the population.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH:  | Alaska | Animals | Birds/majr/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Egg Shell/analysis | Eggs/analysis | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Pesticide Residues/majr/analysis | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis | Reproduction/drug effects | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"8","4","255-60","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4435402\",\"4435402\")","v":"4435402"},0,0,0,0,1974,"[Experimental study of the late consequences of pesticide migration].",0,0,"Dinerman AA, Rozhdestvenskaia NA","Gigiena i sanitariia","[Experimental study of the late consequences of pesticide migration].    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | DDT/pharmacology | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/pharmacology | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Environmental Pollution/majr | Female | Fetus/drug effects | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/drug effects | Pesticides/majr/adverse effects | Placenta/drug effects | Pregnancy | Rats | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"","2","22-6","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D010575:Pesticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4594246\",\"4594246\")","v":"4594246"},0,0,0,0,1973,"The effects of organochlorine insecticides and their metabolites on breeding birds.",1,0,"Jefferies DJ","Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement","The effects of organochlorine insecticides and their metabolites on breeding birds.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Dieldrin|Calcium MeSH:  | Animals | Behavior, Animal/majr/drug effects | Birds/majr | Breeding/majr | Calcium/metabolism | DDT/adverse effects/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects/analysis | Dieldrin/adverse effects/analysis | Diet | Egg Shell/analysis | Female | Infertility/chemically induced | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Liver/analysis | Male | Organ Size | Ovary/drug effects | Pregnancy | Quail | Reproduction/drug effects | Testis/drug effects | Thyroid Gland/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"19","","337-52","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D004026:Dieldrin|D002118:Calcium|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4199282\",\"4199282\")","v":"4199282"},0,0,0,0,1973,"Premature births in California sea lions: association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels.",0,0,"DeLong R, Gilmartin WG, Simpson JG","Science (New York, N.Y.)","Premature births in California sea lions: association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels.    ABSTRACT:  Premature pupping in California sea lions has been noted on the breeding islands since 1968. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues were two to eight times higher in tissues of premature parturient females and pups than in similar tissues of full-term parturient females and pups collected on San Miguel Island in 1970.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT|Polychlorinated Biphenyls|Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane MeSH:  | Adipose Tissue/metabolism | Animals | Brain/metabolism | California | Caniformia/majr | DDT/adverse effects/metabolism | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/adverse effects | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/adverse effects | Female | Fetus/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Liver/metabolism | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Obstetric Labor, Premature/majr/chemically induced/veterinary | Pesticide Residues/majr | Polychlorinated Biphenyls/majr/adverse effects/metabolism | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.181.4105.1168\",\"10.1126/science.181.4105.1168\")","v":"10.1126/science.181.4105.1168"},"181","4105","1168-70","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls|D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4643542\",\"4643542\")","v":"4643542"},0,0,0,0,1972,"Effect of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE on the reproductive performance of caged White Leghorns.",0,0,"Lillie RJ, Denton CA, Cecil HC, Bitman J, Fries GF","Poultry science","Effect of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE on the reproductive performance of caged White Leghorns.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|DDT MeSH:  | Animal Feed | Animals | Body Weight/drug effects | Chickens/majr/growth & development/physiology | DDT/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/pharmacology/toxicity | Eggs | Female | Fertility/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology | Poultry Diseases/chemically induced/mortality | Reproduction/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0510122\",\"10.3382/ps.0510122\")","v":"10.3382/ps.0510122"},"51","1","122-9","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D007306:Insecticides|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4570404\",\"4570404\")","v":"4570404"},0,0,0,0,1972,"Polychlorinated biphenyls: occurrence and biological effects.",1,0,"Peakall DB","Residue reviews","Polychlorinated biphenyls: occurrence and biological effects.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biphenyl Compounds|Water|Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|Chlorine|DDT MeSH:  | Animals | Biphenyl Compounds/majr/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity | Birds | Chemical Phenomena | Chemistry | Chlorine/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity | Crustacea | DDT/analysis | Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis | Diet | Environmental Exposure | Europe | Fishes | Humans | Insecta | Lethal Dose 50 | North America | Rats | Reproduction/drug effects | Water/analysis | Water Pollution",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8491-9_1\",\"10.1007/978-1-4615-8491-9_1\")","v":"10.1007/978-1-4615-8491-9_1"},"44","","1-21","jour","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","D001713:Biphenyl Compounds|D014867:Water|D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene|D002713:Chlorine|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35588686\",\"35588686\")","v":"35588686"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Investigation on the interaction of pyrethroid pesticides to estrogen receptor alpha through computational and experimental methods.",0,0,"Hu C, Wang L, Ma Y, Xu Z, Lu H","Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces","Investigation on the interaction of pyrethroid pesticides to estrogen receptor alpha through computational and experimental methods.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroid insecticides are a group of widely used bio-mimetic synthetic pesticides. However, recent studies reported that they could have an accumulation effect in human which may cause series of health problems. Estrogen receptors (ER) are a class of nuclear receptors that are vital in proper physiological behavior of estrogens. To investigate the reproductive toxicity of pyrethroids, homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations (MDs) were conducted to explore the interaction between pyrethroids and ERα from atomic scale. The human ERα (2YJA) was selected as a template protein for homology modeling. Then eight typical pyrethroids and positive control estradiol were docked to the modeled protein. The highest scoring bifenthrin and the lowest scoring permethrin were chosen for in-depth analysis. MDs showed that the complex formed by permethrin with ERα had a lower RMSD value and binding free energies compared to bifenthrin. Based on these results from microscopic dimension, exposure experiments were implemented to validate the primary conclusions. VTG concentrations in male zebrafish's blood were significantly higher under permethrin exposure than bifenthrin, suggesting a stronger estrogenic activity and binding propensity. In this regard, the structural characteristics of molecules were analyzed, expecting to provide theoretical references for subsequent drug design and rational drug application.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Estrogen Receptor alpha|Insecticides|Pesticides|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology | Male | Molecular Docking Simulation | Permethrin/metabolism | Pesticides/majr | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Zebrafish/metabolism Other:Homology modeling | Molecular docking | Molecular dynamics simulations | Pyrethroid insecticides | Zebrafish estrogen receptor alpha |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112565\",\"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112565\")","v":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112565"},"216","","112565","jour","Permethrin","D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha|D007306:Insecticides|D010575:Pesticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35440735\",\"35440735\")","v":"35440735"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Environmental induced transgenerational inheritance impacts systems epigenetics in disease etiology.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC9018793\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Beck D, Nilsson EE, Ben Maamar M, Skinner MK","Scientific reports","Environmental induced transgenerational inheritance impacts systems epigenetics in disease etiology.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease through exposure specific epigenetic alterations in the germline. The current study examines the actions of hydrocarbon jet fuel, dioxin, pesticides (permethrin and methoxychlor), plastics, and herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) in the promotion of transgenerational disease in the great grand-offspring rats that correlates with specific disease associated differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs). The transgenerational disease observed was similar for all exposures and includes pathologies of the kidney, prostate, and testis, pubertal abnormalities, and obesity. The disease specific DMRs in sperm were exposure specific for each pathology with negligible overlap. Therefore, for each disease the DMRs and associated genes were distinct for each exposure generational lineage. Observations suggest a large number of DMRs and associated genes are involved in a specific pathology, and various environmental exposures influence unique subsets of DMRs and genes to promote the transgenerational developmental origins of disease susceptibility later in life. A novel multiscale systems biology basis of disease etiology is proposed involving an integration of environmental epigenetics, genetics and generational toxicology.© 2022. The Author(s).  KEYWORDS:  MeSH:  | Animals | DNA Methylation/majr | Epigenesis, Genetic/majr | Inheritance Patterns/genetics | Male | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Spermatozoa/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09336-0\",\"10.1038/s41598-022-09336-0\")","v":"10.1038/s41598-022-09336-0"},"12","1","5452","jour","Permethrin"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35421512\",\"35421512\")","v":"35421512"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Neurogenesis and chronic neurobehavioral outcomes are partially improved by vagus nerve stimulation in a mouse model of Gulf War illness.",0,0,"Iannucci J, Nizamutdinov D, Shapiro LA","Neurotoxicology","Neurogenesis and chronic neurobehavioral outcomes are partially improved by vagus nerve stimulation in a mouse model of Gulf War illness.    ABSTRACT:  Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi-symptom disorder that has impacted approximately one third of Gulf War veterans. GWI and its symptoms have been linked to the exposure to neurological chemicals, including the anti-nerve gas drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and the insecticide permethrin (PER), among others. Mouse models utilizing these chemicals have reported symptomology analogous to human GWI. These changes include behavioral and cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and hippocampal pathogenesis. Disease modifying interventions that target these pathological components are desperately needed. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is FDA approved for drug-resistant epilepsy and depression. VNS has also been used off-label to target a myriad of symptoms, some of which are encompassed within the Kansas and CDC definitions of clinical GWI symptomology. A GWI animal model in which mice are exposed to a daily injection of PB and PER for 10 consecutive days has been shown to exhibit cognitive impairment and hippocampal pathology. The purpose of this study was to determine if 2-4 weeks of continuous vagus nerve stimulation initiated at 32 weeks after exposure to PB and PER would improve cognitive performance and hippocampal pathology. The results of the study revealed that exposure to PB and PER produces long-term cognitive deficits and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. The results also showed that the VNS treatment was anxiolytic, improved some aspects of pattern separation deficits, and mitigated the reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, VNS improves outcomes in a mouse model of GWI and should be examined as a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating some symptomology associated with GWI.Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Permethrin|Pyridostigmine Bromide MeSH:  | Animals | Disease Models, Animal | Gulf War | Mice | Neurogenesis | Permethrin | Persian Gulf Syndrome/majr/drug therapy/therapy | Pyridostigmine Bromide/therapeutic use/toxicity | Vagus Nerve Stimulation/majr Other:Aging | Dentate gyrus | Hippocampus | Pattern separation | Permethrin | Pyridostigmine bromide | Veterans |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.001\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.001\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.001"},"90","","205-215","jour","Permethrin","D026023:Permethrin|D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35022983\",\"35022983\")","v":"35022983"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Effects of perinatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the reproductive system of F3 generation male rodents: a meta-analysis.",0,0,"He H, Chen W, Wei Y, Zhang T, Geng W, Zhai J","Environmental science and pollution research international","Effects of perinatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the reproductive system of F3 generation male rodents: a meta-analysis.    ABSTRACT:  To explore the relationship between perinatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the male reproductive system of F3 generation, and to evaluate the toxicological effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the reproductive system of F3 generation male rodents. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to obtain the studies; overall risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to evaluate the relationship between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and reproductive system damage in F3 generation male rodents. Nine studies were included for analysis. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are significantly associated with the reproductive system of male rodents of F3 generation, especially the testis (RR = 3.13, 95% CI: 2.05, 4.76), prostate (RR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.00), and kidney (RR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.77, 4.52), but the current analysis does not prove that EDCs are the adverse factors for puberty abnormalities. The results indicated that the overall associations between atrazine (RR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.10, 8.51, P = 0.032), DDT (RR = 6.26, 95% CI: 1.56, 25.08, P = 0.010), pesticide and insect repellent mixture (permethrin and DEET) (RR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.34, 3.69, P = 0.002), and vinclozolin (RR = 4.71, 95% CI: 2.74, 8.10, P = 0.000) and reproductive system damage in F3 generation male rodents were statistically significant. Our study indicated that EDCs have an atavistic effect on the male reproductive system, and we should pay attention to the long-term effects of environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors in future generations.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Pesticides MeSH:  | Animals | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Environmental Exposure | Female | Male | Pesticides/majr | Pregnancy | Rodentia | Testis Other:Endocrine-disrupting chemicals | Male reproduction | Meta-analysis | Transgenerational inheritance |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18338-w\",\"10.1007/s11356-021-18338-w\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-021-18338-w"},"29","22","33218-33229","jour","Permethrin","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D010575:Pesticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34158066\",\"34158066\")","v":"34158066"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Pyriproxyfen-treated bed nets reduce reproductive fitness and longevity of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae under laboratory and field conditions.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC8218427\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Grisales N, Lees RS, Maas J, Morgan JC, Wangrawa DW, Guelbeogo WM, N'Fale S, Lindsay SW, McCall PJ, Ranson H","Malaria journal","Pyriproxyfen-treated bed nets reduce reproductive fitness and longevity of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae under laboratory and field conditions.    ABSTRACT:  The efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) containing the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (PPF) and pyrethroid insecticides (PPF-ITNs) is being assessed in clinical trials to determine whether they provide greater protection from malaria than standard pyrethroid-treated ITNs in areas where mosquitoes are resistant to pyrethroids. Understanding the entomological mode of action of this new ITN class will aide interpretation of the results from these trials.Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes from a susceptible laboratory strain were exposed to PPF-treated netting 24 h, 6 h, and immediately prior to, or 24 h post blood feeding, and the impact on fecundity, fertility and longevity recorded. Pyrethroid-resistant populations were exposed to nets containing permethrin and PPF (PPF-ITNs) in cone bioassays and daily mortality recorded. Mosquitoes were also collected from inside houses pre- and post-distribution of PPF-ITNs in a clinical trial conduced in Burkina Faso; female An. gambiae s.l. were then assessed for fecundity and fertility.PPF exposure reduced the median adult lifespan of insecticide-susceptible mosquitoes by 4 to 5 days in all exposure times (p < 0.05) other than 6 h pre-blood meal and resulted in almost complete lifelong sterilization. The longevity of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes was also reduced by at least 5 days after exposure to PPF-ITNs compared to untreated nets, but was unaffected by exposure to standard pyrethroid only ITNs. A total of 386 blood-fed or gravid An. gambiae s.l. females were collected from five villages between 1 and 12 months before distribution of PPF-ITNs. Of these mosquitoes, 75% laid eggs and the remaining 25% appeared to have normal ovaries upon dissection. In contrast, only 8.6% of the 631 blood-fed or gravid An. gambiae s.l. collected post PPF-ITN distribution successfully oviposited; 276 (43.7%) did not oviposit but had apparently normal ovaries upon dissection, and 301 (47.7%) did not oviposit and had abnormal eggs upon dissection. Egg numbers were also significantly lower (average of 138/female prior distribution vs 85 post distribution, p < 0.05).Exposure to a mixture of PPF and pyrethroids on netting shortens the lifespan of mosquitoes and reduces reproductive output. Sterilization of vectors lasted at least one year under operational conditions. These findings suggest a longer effective lifespan of PPF-pyrethroid nets than reported previously.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Pyridines|pyriproxyfen MeSH:  | Animals | Anopheles/majr | Burkina Faso | Female | Genetic Fitness/majr/drug effects | Insecticide Resistance/majr | Insecticide-Treated Bednets/majr | Insecticides/majr | Longevity/drug effects | Mosquito Control/majr | Pyrethrins/pharmacology | Pyridines/majr | Reproduction/drug effects Other:Anopheles gambiae | Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) | Juvenile hormone (JH) | Olyset Duo® | Pyrethroid-resistance | Pyriproxyfen (PPF) |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03794-z\",\"10.1186/s12936-021-03794-z\")","v":"10.1186/s12936-021-03794-z"},"20","1","273","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D011725:Pyridines|C055613:pyriproxyfen|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33913622\",\"33913622\")","v":"33913622"},0,0,0,0,2022,"Agrochemical occurrence on colocated wildflowers and wild bees collected near beef cattle feed yards and row crops.",0,0,"Peterson EM, Green FB, Subbiah S, Emert A, Smith PN","Integrated environmental assessment and management","Agrochemical occurrence on colocated wildflowers and wild bees collected near beef cattle feed yards and row crops.    ABSTRACT:  It is well established that agrochemicals can pose significant threats to native pollinators; however, relatively little is known about pollinator risks associated with agrochemicals that are used on beef cattle feed yards. Recently, feed yard-derived agrochemicals and those from row crop agriculture were quantified on wildflowers growing on the High Plains, USA. To better characterize pollinator risks on the High Plains, we collected colocated wildflowers and foraging bees across three field seasons for analytical determination of residual agrochemicals. Agrochemicals were detected and quantified on the majority of wildflowers (85%) and nearly half of bees (49%). Permethrin was the most frequently detected analyte on wildflowers (32%) and bees (17%). Flower hazard quotients and flower hazard indices were calculated to deterministically evaluate risk to foraging pollinators. Mean flower hazard quotients exceeded one for 5/16 analytes (31%), and flower hazard quotients calculated for 30% of wildflowers were greater than 50. Flower hazard quotients for clothianidin exceeded 400 for 14% of wildflowers, which portends conditions conducive to frequent bee mortalities. Flower hazard indices were greater on wildflowers from mid-July to mid-September as compared with wildflowers collected earlier in the summer, which coincides with row crop planting and increased prevalence of feed yard flies. Hazard quotients and hazard index values calculated from agrochemical residue data suggest that pollinators frequenting wildflowers near beef cattle feed yards and row crops on the High Plains are at risk from both individual sources, and more so when considered in combination. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:163-173. © 2021 SETAC.© 2021 SETAC.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Agrochemicals MeSH:  | Agriculture | Agrochemicals/majr/toxicity | Animal Feed | Animals | Bees | Cattle | Crops, Agricultural/majr | Pollination | Seasons Other:Feed yards | Neonicotinoids | Pesticides | Pollinators | Pyrethroids |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4436\",\"10.1002/ieam.4436\")","v":"10.1002/ieam.4436"},"18","1","163-173","jour","Permethrin","D016573:Agrochemicals|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33844419\",\"33844419\")","v":"33844419"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Trans-ovo permethrin exposure affects growth, brain morphology and cardiac development in quail.",0,0,"Curtis GH, Nogueiro S, Schneider S, Bernhofer M, McDermott M, Nixon E, Perez KN, Reeve RE, Easterling MR, Crespi EJ","Environmental toxicology","Trans-ovo permethrin exposure affects growth, brain morphology and cardiac development in quail.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin is a commonly used, highly effective pesticide in poultry agriculture, and has recently been trialed in conservation efforts to protect Galápagos finch hatchlings from an invasive ectoparasite. Although permethrin is considered safe for adults, pesticides can have health consequences when animals are exposed during early life stages. The few studies that have examined permethrin's effects in embryonic chicks and rats have shown hydrocephaly, anencephaly, reduced cellular energy conversion, and disruption of developing heart muscle. To test whether trans-ovo exposure of permethrin affects early development in birds, we exposed Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to cotton treated with 1% permethrin that was incorporated into nests in two amounts (0.2, 0.8 g), each with a paired untreated cotton control group. When measured on incubation Day 15, we found permethrin-treated developing birds were smaller and showed signs of microcephaly, although mortality rates were the same. Despite no difference in heart mass, ventricular tissue was less compact, cardiac arteries were reduced and heart rates were slower in permethrin-treated birds. Differences in heart development were also observed at 5 days of incubation, indicating that abnormalities are present from early in cardiac development. Future studies are needed to examine permethrin's effects on developmental pathways and to determine if these effects persist after hatching to affect offspring health. This study provides evidence that permethrin can cross the eggshell to cause non-lethal but adverse effects on embryonic development, and studies should look beyond hatching when monitoring the efficacy of permethrin on wild bird populations.© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Brain | Coturnix/majr | Heart | Permethrin/toxicity | Quail/majr | Rats Other:cardiovascular development | embryonic development | microcephaly | pesticide | pyrethroids |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.23141\",\"10.1002/tox.23141\")","v":"10.1002/tox.23141"},"36","7","1447-1456","jour","Permethrin","D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33821762\",\"33821762\")","v":"33821762"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Pyrethroid based pesticides - chemical and biological aspects.",1,0,"Ravula AR, Yenugu S","Critical reviews in toxicology","Pyrethroid based pesticides - chemical and biological aspects.    ABSTRACT:  Human and animal welfare primarily depends on the availability of food and surrounding environment. Over a century and half, the quest to identify agents that can enhance food production and protection from vector borne diseases resulted in the identification and use of a variety of pesticides, of which the pyrethroid based ones emerged as the best choice. Pesticides while improved the quality of life, on the other hand caused enormous health risks. Because of their percolation into drinking water and food chain and usage in domestic settings, humans unintentionally get exposed to the pesticides on a daily basis. The health hazards of almost all known pesticides at a variety of doses and exposure times are reported. This review provides a comprehensive summation on the historical, epidemiological, chemical and biological (physiological, biochemical and molecular) aspects of pyrethroid based insecticides. An overview of the available knowledge suggests that the synthetic pyrethroids vary in their chemical and toxic nature and pose health hazards that range from simple nausea to cancers. Despite large number of reports, studies that focused on identifying the health hazards using doses that are equivalent or relevant to human exposure are lacking. It is high time such studies are conducted to provide concrete evidence on the hazards of consuming pesticide contaminated food. Policy decisions to decrease the residual levels of pesticides in agricultural products and also to encourage organic farming is suggested.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Pyrethrins MeSH:  | Animals | Humans | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity Other:Pesticides | allethrin | apoptosis | carcinogenicity | cypermethrin | deltamethrin | epigenetics | fenvalerate | neurotoxicity | oxidative stress | permethrin | pyrethroids | reproductive toxicity | λ-cyhalothrin |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2021.1879007\",\"10.1080/10408444.2021.1879007\")","v":"10.1080/10408444.2021.1879007"},"51","2","117-140","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396013\",\"33396013\")","v":"33396013"},0,0,0,0,2021,"Toxic responses of blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) following contact exposure to neonicotinoids, macrocyclic lactones, and pyrethroids.",0,0,"Peterson EM, Green FB, Smith PN","Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","Toxic responses of blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) following contact exposure to neonicotinoids, macrocyclic lactones, and pyrethroids.    ABSTRACT:  Analysis of particulate matter originating from beef cattle feed yards on the High Plains of the United States has revealed occurrence of multiple pesticides believed to potentially impact non-Apis pollinators. Among these pesticides are those that are highly toxic to Apis mellifera (honey bees). However, little non-Apis bee species toxicity data exist; especially pertaining to beef cattle feed yard-derived pesticides. Therefore, we conducted a series of 96-h contact toxicity tests with blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) using three neonicotinoids, two pyrethroids, and two macrocyclic lactones. Neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and clothianidin) were most toxic with LD50 values ranging from 2.88 to 26.35 ng/bee, respectively. Macrocyclic lactones (abamectin and ivermectin) were also highly toxic to O. lignaria with LD50 estimates of 5.51-32.86 ng/bee. Pyrethroids (permethrin and bifenthrin) were relatively less toxic with LD50 values greater than 33 ng/bee. Sensitivity ratios for each pesticide were calculated to relate O. lignaria LD50 values to existing honey bee toxicity data. All three neonicotinoids were more toxic to O. lignaria than A. mellifera, but pyrethroids and abamectin were relatively less toxic. Additionally, three of seven pesticides (43%) resulted in significantly different mass normalized LD50 values for male and female O. lignaria. These results indicate that non-Apis pollinators may be highly susceptible to pesticides originating from beef cattle feed yards, necessitating consideration of more stringent regulatory protections than those based on A. mellifera pesticide sensitivity.Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Lactones|Macrocyclic Compounds|Neonicotinoids|Pesticides|Pyrethrins MeSH:  | Animals | Bees/majr/drug effects | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Lactones/majr/toxicity | Lethal Dose 50 | Macrocyclic Compounds/majr/toxicity | Male | Models, Theoretical | Neonicotinoids/majr/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pollination/drug effects | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Toxicity Tests, Acute",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111681\",\"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111681\")","v":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111681"},"208","","111681","jour","Permethrin","D007783:Lactones|D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds|D000073943:Neonicotinoids|D010575:Pesticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33148267\",\"33148267\")","v":"33148267"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Epigenome-wide association study for pesticide (Permethrin and DEET) induced DNA methylation epimutation biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC7643320\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Thorson JLM, Beck D, Ben Maamar M, Nilsson EE, Skinner MK","Environmental health : a global access science source","Epigenome-wide association study for pesticide (Permethrin and DEET) induced DNA methylation epimutation biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) are the pesticides and insect repellent most commonly used by humans. These pesticides have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease in rats. The current study was designed as an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to identify potential sperm DNA methylation epimutation biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease.Outbred Sprague Dawley gestating female rats (F0) were transiently exposed during fetal gonadal sex determination to the pesticide combination including Permethrin and DEET. The F3 generation great-grand offspring within the pesticide lineage were aged to 1 year. The transgenerational adult male rat sperm were collected from individuals with single and multiple diseases and compared to non-diseased animals to identify differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) as biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease.The exposure of gestating female rats to a permethrin and DEET pesticide combination promoted transgenerational testis disease, prostate disease, kidney disease, and the presence of multiple disease in the subsequent F3 generation great-grand offspring. The disease DMRs were found to be disease specific with negligible overlap between different diseases. The genomic features of CpG density, DMR length, and chromosomal locations of the disease specific DMRs were investigated. Interestingly, the majority of the disease specific sperm DMR associated genes have been previously found to be linked to relevant disease specific genes.Observations demonstrate the EWAS approach identified disease specific biomarkers that can be potentially used to assess transgenerational disease susceptibility and facilitate the clinical management of environmentally induced pathology.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Insect Repellents|Insecticides|DEET|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Biomarkers | DEET/majr/toxicity | DNA Methylation | Epigenesis, Genetic | Epigenome | Female | Insect Repellents/majr/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Kidney Diseases/chemically induced | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Prostatic Diseases/chemically induced | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Testicular Diseases/chemically induced Other:EWAS | Kidney | Multiple disease | N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide | Pathology | Permethrin | Prostate | Sperm | Testis | Transgenerational |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00666-y\",\"10.1186/s12940-020-00666-y\")","v":"10.1186/s12940-020-00666-y"},"19","1","109","jour","Permethrin","D015415:Biomarkers|D007302:Insect Repellents|D007306:Insecticides|D003671:DEET|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32596996\",\"32596996\")","v":"32596996"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L388) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L388),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L388) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L388),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L388) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L388),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B388:D388)","v":0},2020,"Acute and chronic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin, and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids in mice.",0,0,"Zhu Q, Yang Y, Lao Z, Zhong Y, Zhang K, Zhao S","Pest management science","Acute and chronic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin, and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids in mice.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroids, a class of insecticides, that act on the nervous system of insects. Frequent consumption of foods with pyrethroid residues increase the risk of developmental and neurological diseases in humans. Assessing the toxicity of novel synthetic pyrethroids to mammals is also critical to the development of agrochemicals.Using mice as models, the acute and chronic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin, dihaloacetylated pyrethroids to mammals was researched by gavage administration. Acute toxicity assessment displayed that the median lethal dose (LD50 ) of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 tested were greater than 500 mg/kg of weight. Furthermore, chronic toxicity assessment demonstrated that deltamethrin, permethrin caused epidermal damage near the genitals, while dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 showed no relevant symptoms. However, both the acute and chronic toxicity assessment suggested that pyrethroids exposure induced mice loss weight. Additionally, the elevated plus maze (EPM) test showed that pyrethroids caused anxiety-like behaviors and no motor defects in Kunming mice. Beside, during the sucrose preference test (SPT), 60-day pyrethroids exposure increased excitatory behaviors in mice. However, the neurochemical studies displayed that pyrethroids exposure increased the total amount of glutamate (Gln), glutamine (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the mice's blood.Pyrethroids exposure induced weight loss in mice, although the acute oral toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 was low. However, regarding chronic toxicity, deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 induced anxiety-like behaviors, excitatory behaviors, Gln-Glu-GABA circulatory dysfunction in blood. Particularly, deltamethrin, though permethrin also had reproductive toxicity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Nitriles|Pyrethrins|decamethrin|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Mice | Nitriles/toxicity | Permethrin/toxicity | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity Other:acute toxicity | chronic toxicity | deltamethrin | dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids | permethrin |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.5978\",\"10.1002/ps.5978\")","v":"10.1002/ps.5978"},"76","12","4210-4221","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D009570:Nitriles|D011722:Pyrethrins|C017180:decamethrin|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785554\",\"31785554\")","v":"31785554"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Acute embryonic exposure of zebrafish to permethrin induces behavioral changes related to anxiety and aggressiveness in adulthood.",0,0,"Nunes MEM, Schimith LE, Costa-Silva DG, Leandro LP, Martins IK, De Mello RS, Nunes FVM, Santer M, Vieira PB, Posser T, Franco JL","Journal of psychiatric research","Acute embryonic exposure of zebrafish to permethrin induces behavioral changes related to anxiety and aggressiveness in adulthood.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin (PM) is one of the most used synthetic pyrethroid worldwide. Exposure to this compound during pregnancy and early childhood has been indicated as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. We evaluated the long-term effects of embryonic PM exposure in different stages of zebrafish development. Briefly, embryos (3 hpf) were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of PM (25 and 50 μg.L-1) during 24 h and then behavioral parameters were evaluated during embryonic (28 hpf), eleutheroembryonic (3 dpf), larval (7 dpf), and adult stages (90 dpf). PM exposure decreased spontaneous movement at 28 hpf and decreased thigmotaxis in eleutheroembryos. The long-term effects of PM include changes in non-motor behaviors such as fear and anxiety in larva and adults. Adults embryonically exposed to PM also showed a significant increase in aggressiveness parameters. These results demonstrated that embryonic exposure to PM induces persistent neurotoxic effects in adulthood, which can impair the cognitive and behavioral fitness of non-target species contributing to a rise in neurodevelopmental disorders.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Aggression/majr/drug effects | Animals | Anxiety/majr/chemically induced | Behavior, Animal/majr/drug effects | Disease Models, Animal | Embryo, Nonmammalian/majr | Female | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Larva/majr | Male | Neurodevelopmental Disorders/majr/etiology | Permethrin/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced | Pyrethrins/majr/adverse effects | Zebrafish/majr Other:Aggressiveness | Anxiety | Fear | Neuroscience | Pyrethroids |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.006\",\"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.006\")","v":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.006"},"121","","91-100","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31621018\",\"31621018\")","v":"31621018"},0,0,0,0,2020,"Targeting ERK/COX-2 signaling pathway in permethrin-induced testicular toxicity: a possible modulating effect of matrine.",0,0,"Atef MM, El-Deeb OS, Sadek MT, Abo El Gheit RE, Emam MN, Hafez YM, El-Esawy RO","Molecular biology reports","Targeting ERK/COX-2 signaling pathway in permethrin-induced testicular toxicity: a possible modulating effect of matrine.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin (PER), the prevalent synthetic pyrethroid, was reported to have genotoxic effects along with male reproductive organs impairment. Matrine, the Chinese herb chief alkaloid constituent, is used extensively owing to its recognized pharmacological properties. The study included 30 rats allocated equally into three groups; Group I: Control group, Group II: PER group and Group III: Matrine treated PER group. All groups were subjected to the measurement of Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene expression by PCR technique while testosterone, phosphorylated Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels were assessed by ELISA technique. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also detected spectrophotometrically in addition to assessment of DNA fragmentation. Testicular histological structure as well as sperm count and morphology were studied. Matrine improved testicular toxicity evidenced by significant upregulation of StAR gene expression, elevation of testosterone level and significant decrease of p-ERK1/2 and COX-2 levels. Moreover, enhancements of the antioxidant status together with improvement of the histological findings were observed. These findings could pave the way for matrine to be used as a promising therapeutic agent in treatment of PER toxicity.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Alkaloids|Antioxidants|Phosphoproteins|Quinolizines|steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|Testosterone|Malondialdehyde|Permethrin|Glutathione Peroxidase|Cyclooxygenase 2|Ptgs2 protein, rat|matrine MeSH:  | Alkaloids/majr/metabolism/pharmacology | Animals | Antioxidants/metabolism | Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism | Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism | MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects/physiology | Male | Malondialdehyde/analysis | Permethrin/adverse effects/toxicity | Phosphoproteins/majr/genetics/metabolism | Quinolizines/majr/metabolism/pharmacology | Rats | Rats, Wistar | Signal Transduction | Spermatozoa/cytology/drug effects | Testis/majr/cytology/drug effects/metabolism | Testosterone/analysis Other:Cyclooxygenase 2 | Matrine | Permethrin | Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase | Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-05125-7\",\"10.1007/s11033-019-05125-7\")","v":"10.1007/s11033-019-05125-7"},"47","1","247-259","jour","Permethrin","D000470:Alkaloids|D000975:Antioxidants|D010750:Phosphoproteins|D011807:Quinolizines|C090395:steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|D013739:Testosterone|D008315:Malondialdehyde|D026023:Permethrin|D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase|D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2|C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat|C034244:matrine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31415104\",\"31415104\")","v":"31415104"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Early-life exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts impairments in learning and memory with the effects on neuronal and glial population in adult male mice.",0,0,"Saito H, Hara K, Tominaga T, Nakashima K, Tanemura K","Journal of applied toxicology : JAT","Early-life exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts impairments in learning and memory with the effects on neuronal and glial population in adult male mice.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin, a pyrethroid chemical, is widely used as a pesticide because of its rapid insecticidal activity. Although permethrin is considered to exert very low toxicity in mammals, the effects of early, low-level, chronic exposure on the adult central nervous system are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-level, chronic permethrin exposure in early life on the brain functions of adult mice, using environmentally relevant concentrations. We exposed mice to the acceptable daily intake level of permethrin (0.3 ppm) in drinking water during the prenatal and postnatal periods. We then examined the effects on the central nervous system in adult male offspring. In the permethrin group, we detected behavior that displayed incomplete adaptation to a novel environment, as well as an impairment in learning and memory. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in doublecortin- (an immature neuron marker) positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the permethrin exposure group compared with the control group. Additionally, in the permethrin exposure group there was a decrease in astrocyte number in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, and remaining astrocytes were often irregularly shaped. These results suggest that exposure to permethrin at low levels in early life affects the formation of the neural circuit base and behavior after maturation. Therefore, in the central nervous system of male mice, low-level, chronic permethrin exposure during the prenatal and postnatal periods has effects that were not expected based on the known effects of permethrin exposure in mature animals.© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Newborn | Behavior, Animal/drug effects | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Hippocampus/drug effects/embryology/growth & development/pathology | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Learning/majr/drug effects | Male | Memory/majr/drug effects | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Neuroglia/majr/drug effects/pathology | Neurons/majr/drug effects/pathology | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/pathology/physiopathology Other:central nervous system | chronic exposure | learning and memory | low-level exposure | permethrin |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.3882\",\"10.1002/jat.3882\")","v":"10.1002/jat.3882"},"39","12","1651-1662","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915194\",\"30915194\")","v":"30915194"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Epigenetic Memory of Early-Life Parental Perturbation: Dopamine Decrease and DNA Methylation Changes in Offspring.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6399534\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Bordoni L, Nasuti C, Di Stefano A, Marinelli L, Gabbianelli R","Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity","Epigenetic Memory of Early-Life Parental Perturbation: Dopamine Decrease and DNA Methylation Changes in Offspring.    ABSTRACT:  Early-life exposure (from postnatal day 6 to postnatal day 21) to permethrin has been associated with long-term development of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats. Here, we first investigated if the dopamine decrease observed following early postnatal exposure to permethrin, an oxidative stressor, can impair the dopamine level in the brain of their untreated offspring. Secondly, we evaluated whether this adverse event affects the epigenome of both directly exposed rats (F0) and their untreated offspring (F1). The results show that early-life exposure to the stressor is associated with changes in global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in adult age. Furthermore, parental exposure leads to a significant reduction in dopamine level in the offspring (F1) born from parents or just mothers early-life treated (72.72% and 47.35%, respectively). About 2/3 of pups from exposed mothers showed a significant reduction in dopamine level compared to controls. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation impairment was associated with the F1 pups that showed reduced dopamine. This study provides pivotal evidences on intergenerational effects of postnatal exposure to permethrin emphasizing that this xenobiotic can influence the epigenetic memory of early-life parental perturbations disturbing offspring health.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Dopamine MeSH:  | Animals | Crosses, Genetic | DNA Methylation/majr/genetics | Dopamine/majr/metabolism | Epigenesis, Genetic/majr | Female | Humans | Male | Neostriatum/metabolism | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/genetics | Rats, Wistar",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1472623\",\"10.1155/2019/1472623\")","v":"10.1155/2019/1472623"},"2019","","1472623","jour","Permethrin","D004298:Dopamine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30894343\",\"30894343\")","v":"30894343"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Prenatal and infant exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder in children: population based case-control study.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6425996\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"von Ehrenstein OS, Ling C, Cui X, Cockburn M, Park AS, Yu F, Wu J, Ritz B","BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","Prenatal and infant exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder in children: population based case-control study.    ABSTRACT:  To examine associations between early developmental exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder.Population based case-control study.California's main agricultural region, Central Valley, using 1998-2010 birth data from the Office of Vital Statistics.2961 individuals with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, revised (up to 31 December 2013), including 445 with intellectual disability comorbidity, were identified through records maintained at the California Department of Developmental Services and linked to their birth records. Controls derived from birth records were matched to cases 10:1 by sex and birth year.Data from California state mandated Pesticide Use Reporting were integrated into a geographic information system tool to estimate prenatal and infant exposures to pesticides (measured as pounds of pesticides applied per acre/month within 2000 m from the maternal residence). 11 high use pesticides were selected for examination a priori according to previous evidence of neurodevelopmental toxicity in vivo or in vitro (exposure defined as ever v never for each pesticide during specific developmental periods).Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations between pesticide exposure and autism spectrum disorder (with or without intellectual disabilities) in offspring, adjusting for confounders.Risk of autism spectrum disorder was associated with prenatal exposure to glyphosate (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.27), chlorpyrifos (1.13, 1.05 to 1.23), diazinon (1.11, 1.01 to 1.21), malathion (1.11, 1.01 to 1.22), avermectin (1.12, 1.04 to 1.22), and permethrin (1.10, 1.01 to 1.20). For autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability, estimated odds ratios were higher (by about 30%) for prenatal exposure to glyphosate (1.33, 1.05 to 1.69), chlorpyrifos (1.27, 1.04 to 1.56), diazinon (1.41, 1.15 to 1.73), permethrin (1.46, 1.20 to 1.78), methyl bromide (1.33, 1.07 to 1.64), and myclobutanil (1.32, 1.09 to 1.60); exposure in the first year of life increased the odds for the disorder with comorbid intellectual disability by up to 50% for some pesticide substances.Findings suggest that an offspring's risk of autism spectrum disorder increases following prenatal exposure to ambient pesticides within 2000 m of their mother's residence during pregnancy, compared with offspring of women from the same agricultural region without such exposure. Infant exposure could further increase risks for autism spectrum disorder with comorbid intellectual disability.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Agriculture/statistics & numerical data | Autism Spectrum Disorder/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | California/epidemiology | Case-Control Studies | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Intellectual Disability/chemically induced/epidemiology | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Risk Factors | Sex Distribution | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l962\",\"10.1136/bmj.l962\")","v":"10.1136/bmj.l962"},"364","","l962","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30853488\",\"30853488\")","v":"30853488"},0,0,0,0,2019,"In vitro exposure to pyrethroid-based products disrupts development of mouse preimplantation embryos.",0,0,"Babeľová J, Šefčíková Z, Čikoš Š, Kovaříková V, Špirková A, Pisko J, Koppel J, Fabian D","Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA","In vitro exposure to pyrethroid-based products disrupts development of mouse preimplantation embryos.    ABSTRACT:  The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin, fenvalerate, λ-cyhalothrin), commercial pyrethroid-based products DECIS EW 50 (deltamethrin mixture), TOP SPOT ON STRONGER (permethrin mixture), as well as related secondary ingredients on mouse preimplantation embryo development. Two-cell stage embryos were in vitro cultured with addition of the listed chemicals until blastocyst formation. All active pyrethroids negatively affected embryonic development at 1000 μM concentration. Decreased quality of obtained blastocysts in permethrin, fenvalerate and λ-cyhalothrin-treated embryos was revealed as well. Deltamethrin showed harmful impact on embryo development at 100 μM concentration. Lower concentrations of pyrethroids (1, 10 μM) had no effect on embryo development. The presence of DECIS EW 50 containing deltamethrin at 100 μM caused degeneration of all embryos. Similarly, TOP SPOT ON STRONGER containing 100 μM of permethrin impaired embryonic development and quality of obtained blastocysts. Evaluated secondary ingredients (butylhydroxyanisol, butylhydroxytoluen, butylparaben and cyclohexanone) at corresponding concentrations showed damaging impact on preimplantation embryo development as well. Our results indicate that the embryotoxic potential of active pyrethroids is relatively low, whereas pyrethroid-based products have relatively high potential to impair mouse preimplantation development. Embryotoxicity of commercial products is probably attributable to the presence of secondary ingredients.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins MeSH:  | Animals | Blastocyst/majr/drug effects | Embryonic Development/majr/drug effects | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Mice, Inbred ICR | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity Other:In vitro | Mouse | Preimplantation embryo | Pyrethroids |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.009\",\"10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.009\")","v":"10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.009"},"57","","184-193","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30763314\",\"30763314\")","v":"30763314"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Assessing effects of germline exposure to environmental toxicants by high-throughput screening in C. elegans.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6375566\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Shin N, Cuenca L, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Colaiácovo MP","PLoS genetics","Assessing effects of germline exposure to environmental toxicants by high-throughput screening in C. elegans.    ABSTRACT:  Chemicals that are highly prevalent in our environment, such as phthalates and pesticides, have been linked to problems associated with reproductive health. However, rapid assessment of their impact on reproductive health and understanding how they cause such deleterious effects, remain challenging due to their fast-growing numbers and the limitations of various current toxicity assessment model systems. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen in C. elegans to identify chemicals inducing aneuploidy as a result of impaired germline function. We screened 46 chemicals that are widely present in our environment, but for which effects in the germline remain poorly understood. These included pesticides, phthalates, and chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing and crude oil processing. Of the 46 chemicals tested, 41% exhibited levels of aneuploidy higher than those detected for bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor shown to affect meiosis, at concentrations correlating well with mammalian reproductive endpoints. We further examined three candidates eliciting aneuploidy: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a likely endocrine disruptor and frequently used plasticizer, and the pesticides 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB) and permethrin. Exposure to these chemicals resulted in increased embryonic lethality, elevated DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation, activation of p53/CEP-1-dependent germ cell apoptosis, chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes at diakinesis, impaired chromosome segregation during early embryogenesis, and germline-specific alterations in gene expression. This study indicates that this high-throughput screening system is highly reliable for the identification of environmental chemicals inducing aneuploidy, and provides new insights into the impact of exposure to three widely used chemicals on meiosis and germline function.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Aneugens|Benzothiazoles|Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Plasticizers|Thiocyanates|Dibutyl Phthalate|Permethrin|2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole MeSH:  | Aneugens/toxicity | Aneuploidy | Animals | Animals, Genetically Modified | Benzothiazoles/toxicity | Caenorhabditis elegans/majr/drug effects/embryology/genetics | DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded | Dibutyl Phthalate/toxicity | Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/majr/methods | Environmental Exposure | Environmental Pollutants/majr/toxicity | Germ Cells/majr/drug effects | High-Throughput Screening Assays/majr/methods | Insecticides/toxicity | Meiosis/drug effects | Permethrin/toxicity | Plasticizers/toxicity | Thiocyanates/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007975\",\"10.1371/journal.pgen.1007975\")","v":"10.1371/journal.pgen.1007975"},"15","2","e1007975","jour","Permethrin","D024422:Aneugens|D052160:Benzothiazoles|D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D010968:Plasticizers|D013861:Thiocyanates|D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate|D026023:Permethrin|C104310:2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30503814\",\"30503814\")","v":"30503814"},0,0,0,0,2019,"Inhibition of microRNA-124-3p as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Gulf War Illness: Evaluation in a rat model.",0,0,"Laferriere NR, Kurata WE, Grayson CT, Stecklow KM, Pierce LM","Neurotoxicology","Inhibition of microRNA-124-3p as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Gulf War Illness: Evaluation in a rat model.    ABSTRACT:  Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multisymptom illness that continues to affect up to 30% of veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf during the 1990-1991 Gulf War. After nearly 30 years, useful treatments for GWI are lacking and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathobiology remain poorly understood, although exposures to pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and pesticides are consistently identified to be among the strongest risk factors. Alleviation of the broad range of symptoms manifested in GWI, which involve the central nervous system, the neuroendocrine system, and the immune system likely requires therapies that are able to activate and inactivate a large set of orchestrated genes. Previous work in our laboratory using an established rat model of GWI identified persistent elevation of microRNA-124-3p (miR-124) levels in the hippocampus whose numerous gene targets are involved in cognition-associated pathways and neuroendocrine function. This study aimed to investigate the broad effects of miR-124 inhibition in the brain 9 months after completion of a 28-day exposure regimen of PB, DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), permethrin, and mild stress by profiling the hippocampal expression of genes known to play a critical role in synaptic plasticity, glucocorticoid signaling, and neurogenesis. We determined that intracerebroventricular infusion of a miR-124 antisense oligonucleotide (miR-124 inhibitor; 0.05-0.5 nmol/day/28 days), but not a negative control oligonucleotide, into the lateral ventricle of the brain caused increased protein expression of multiple validated miR-124 targets and increased expression of downstream target genes important for cognition and neuroendocrine signaling in the hippocampus. Off-target cardiotoxic effects were revealed in GWI rats receiving 0.1 nmol/day as indicated by the detection in plasma of 5 highly elevated protein cardiac injury markers and 6 upregulated cardiac-enriched miRNAs in plasma exosomes determined by next-generation sequencing. Results from this study suggest that in vivo inhibition of miR-124 function in the hippocampus is a promising, novel therapeutic approach to improve cognition and neuroendocrine dysfunction in GWI. Additional preclinical studies in animal models to assess feasibility and safety by developing a practical, noninvasive drug delivery system to the brain and exploring potential adverse toxicologic effects of miR-124 inhibition are warranted.Published by Elsevier B.V.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Glucocorticoids|MIRN124 microRNA, rat|MicroRNAs|Oligonucleotides, Antisense MeSH:  | Animals | Disease Models, Animal | Glucocorticoids/metabolism | Hippocampus/metabolism | Male | MicroRNAs/majr/antagonists & inhibitors | Neurogenesis | Neuronal Plasticity | Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage | Persian Gulf Syndrome/majr/metabolism/therapy | Rats, Sprague-Dawley Other:Gulf War Illness | Hippocampus | Intracerebroventricular infusion | Pesticides | Pyridostigmine bromide | microRNA-124-3p |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.008\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.008\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.008"},"71","","16-30","jour","Permethrin","D005938:Glucocorticoids|C548144:MIRN124 microRNA, rat|D035683:MicroRNAs|D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243954\",\"30243954\")","v":"30243954"},0,0,0,0,2018,"The pyrethroid insecticides permethrin and esfenvalerate do not disrupt testicular steroidogenesis in the rat fetus.",0,0,"Saillenfait AM, Sabaté JP, Denis F, Antoine G, Robert A, Eljarrat E","Toxicology","The pyrethroid insecticides permethrin and esfenvalerate do not disrupt testicular steroidogenesis in the rat fetus.    ABSTRACT:  The present study investigated the effects of maternal exposure to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides, permethrin and esfenvalerate, on fetal testicular steroidogenesis. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered permethrin at doses of 1, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day, or esfenvalerate at 0.1, 1, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg/day, by gavage, from gestation day (GD) 13 to 19. Testicular testosterone production and the expression of several key genes necessary for cholesterol and androgen synthesis and transport were assessed in GD 19 male fetuses. Dams treated with 100 mg/kg/day of permethrin or 15 mg/kg/day of esfenvalerate showed clinical signs of neurotoxicity. The highest dose of esfenvalerate also resulted in reduced maternal body weight gain throughout the treatment period. In the fetal testes, mRNA expressions of HMG-CoA synthase and reductase, SR-B1, StAR, P450scc, 3βHSD, P450 17A1, and 17βHSD were not affected by exposure to either pyrethroid. No significant change was observed in ex vivo testosterone production. In conclusion, in utero exposure to permethrin or esfenvalerate has no effect on the testosterone biosynthesis pathway in the fetal rat testis up to maternal toxic doses.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Gonadal Steroid Hormones|Insecticides|Nitriles|Pyrethrins|Steroids|Permethrin|fenvalerate MeSH:  | Animals | Body Weight | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects | Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Maternal Exposure | Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism | Nitriles/majr/toxicity | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Steroids/majr/biosynthesis | Testis/majr/drug effects/embryology/metabolism Other:Esfenvalerate | Fetus | Male reproductive development | Permethrin | Pyrethroids | Rat | Steroidogenesis | Testis | Testosterone |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.007\",\"10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.007"},"410","","116-124","jour","Permethrin","D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones|D007306:Insecticides|D009570:Nitriles|D011722:Pyrethrins|D013256:Steroids|D026023:Permethrin|C017690:fenvalerate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30064054\",\"30064054\")","v":"30064054"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Multiple pesticide analysis in hair samples of pregnant French women: Results from the ELFE national birth cohort.",0,0,"Béranger R, Hardy EM, Dexet C, Guldner L, Zaros C, Nougadère A, Metten MA, Chevrier C, Appenzeller BMR","Environment international","Multiple pesticide analysis in hair samples of pregnant French women: Results from the ELFE national birth cohort.    ABSTRACT:  A growing body of evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to pesticides might impair fetal development. Nonetheless, knowledge about pesticide exposure of pregnant women, especially in Europe, is largely restricted to a limited panel of molecules.To characterize the concentration of 140 pesticides and metabolites in hair strands from women in the ELFE French nationwide birth cohort.Among cohort members who gave birth in northeastern and southwestern France in 2011, we selected those with a sufficient available mass of hair (n = 311). Bundles of hair 9 cm long were collected at delivery. We screened 111 pesticides and 29 metabolites, including 112 selected a priori based on their reported usage or detection in the French environment. The bundles of hair from 47 women were split into three segments to explore the intraindividual variability of the exposure. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed for the chemicals with a detection frequency >70%.We detected a median of 43 chemicals per woman (IQR 38-47). Overall, 122 chemicals (>20 chemical families) were detected at least once, including 28 chemicals detected in 70-100% of hair samples. The highest median concentrations were observed for permethrin (median: 37.9 pg/mg of hair), p-nitrophenol (13.2 pg/mg), and pentachlorophenol (10.0 pg/mg). The ICCs for the 28 chemicals studied ranged from 0.59 to 0.94.Pregnant women are exposed to multiple pesticides simultaneously from various chemical families, including chemicals suspected to be reproductive toxicants or endocrine disruptors. The ICCs suggest that the intraindividual variability of pesticide concentrations in hair is lower than its interindividual variability.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Pesticides MeSH:  | Cohort Studies | Environmental Pollutants/majr/analysis | Female | France/epidemiology | Hair/majr/chemistry | Humans | Maternal Exposure/majr/statistics & numerical data | Pesticides/majr/analysis | Pregnancy/majr/statistics & numerical data Other:Environmental monitoring | Hair | Maternal exposure | Pesticides |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.023\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.023\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.023"},"120","","43-53","jour","Permethrin","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D010575:Pesticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29480392\",\"29480392\")","v":"29480392"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Early life exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites: a comparison of phenotypic and behavioral indicators and gene expression involved in the HPT axis and innate immune system.",0,0,"Xu C, Li X, Jin M, Sun X, Niu L, Lin C, Liu W","Environmental science and pollution research international","Early life exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites: a comparison of phenotypic and behavioral indicators and gene expression involved in the HPT axis and innate immune system.    ABSTRACT:  Ecotoxicological studies have revealed the association between synthetic pyrethroid (SP) exposure and aquatic toxicity in fish; however, research on the toxic effects of SP metabolites is still limited. In this study, the toxicity of two SPs (permethrin (PM) and β-cypermethrin (β-CP)) and their three metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol (PBCOH), 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (PBCHO), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBCOOH)) towards zebrafish embryos and larvae was evaluated. Both SPs and their metabolites exhibited significant developmental toxicities, caused abnormal vascular development, and changed locomotor activities in larvae. The alteration of gene expression involved in the thyroid system and the innate immune system indicated that SPs and their three metabolites have the potency to induce thyroid disruption and trigger an immune response. The results from the present study suggest that SP metabolites could induce multiple toxic responses similar to parent compounds, and their toxicity should be considered for improving the understanding of environmental risks of SPs.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pyrethrins|Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH:  | Animals | Behavior, Animal/majr/drug effects | Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects | Embryonic Development/majr/drug effects/genetics/immunology | Gene Expression/majr/drug effects | Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects/immunology | Immunity, Innate/majr/drug effects/genetics | Larva/drug effects | Motor Activity/drug effects/immunology | Pyrethrins/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Thyroid Gland/drug effects/immunology | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Zebrafish/majr/genetics/growth & development/immunology Other:Innate immune | Locomotor activity | Metabolites | Pyrethroids | Thyroid disrupter | Zebrafish |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1542-0\",\"10.1007/s11356-018-1542-0\")","v":"10.1007/s11356-018-1542-0"},"25","13","12992-13003","jour","Permethrin","D011722:Pyrethrins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29274536\",\"29274536\")","v":"29274536"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Are there fitness costs of adaptive pyrethroid resistance in the amphipod, Hyalella azteca?",0,0,"Heim JR, Weston DP, Major K, Poynton H, Huff Hartz KE, Lydy MJ","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Are there fitness costs of adaptive pyrethroid resistance in the amphipod, Hyalella azteca?    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroid-resistant Hyalella azteca with voltage-gated sodium channel mutations have been identified at multiple locations throughout California. In December 2013, H. azteca were collected from Mosher Slough in Stockton, CA, USA, a site with reported pyrethroid (primarily bifenthrin and cyfluthrin) sediment concentrations approximately twice the 10-d LC50 for laboratory-cultured H. azteca. These H. azteca were shipped to Southern Illinois University Carbondale and have been maintained in pyrethroid-free culture since collection. Even after 22 months in culture, resistant animals had approximately 53 times higher tolerance to permethrin than non-resistant laboratory-cultured H. azteca. Resistant animals held in culture also lacked the wild-type allele at the L925 locus, and had non-synonymous substitutions that resulted in either a leucine-isoleucine or leucine-valine substitution. Additionally, animals collected from the same site nearly three years later were again resistant to the pyrethroid permethrin. When resistant animals were compared to non-resistant animals, they showed lower reproductive capacity, lower upper thermal tolerance, and the data suggested greater sensitivity to, 4, 4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), copper (II) sulfate, and sodium chloride. Further testing of the greater heat and sodium chloride sensitivity of the resistant animals showed these effects to be unrelated to clade association. Fitness costs associated with resistance to pyrethroids are well documented in pest species (including mosquitoes, peach-potato aphids, and codling moths) and we believe that H. azteca collected from Mosher Slough also have fitness costs associated with the developed resistance.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Nitriles|Pyrethrins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin|bifenthrin|cyfluthrin MeSH:  | Amphipoda/majr/drug effects/physiology | Animals | Drug Resistance | Female | Insecticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Male | Nitriles/majr/toxicity | Permethrin/toxicity | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/toxicity Other:Adaptive evolution | Fitness | Hyalella azteca | Pyrethroids | Resistance |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.043\",\"10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.043\")","v":"10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.043"},"235","","39-46","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D009570:Nitriles|D011722:Pyrethrins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|C099952:bifenthrin|C052570:cyfluthrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29057334\",\"29057334\")","v":"29057334"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Antouka Super® induced oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5639044\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Ferdinand N, Herman NV, Omer Bebe NK, Augustave K, Valence M, Ghislaine NT, Herve T, Dorice AK, Sorelle D, Yacouba M","Heliyon","Antouka Super® induced oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).    ABSTRACT:  Antouka Super® (AS), a combination of insecticide (Pirimiphos-methyl 16% and Permethrin 3%), is one of the most widely used pesticides in agriculture, public health, home and garden, with high potential for human and animal exposure.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of AS on the serum testosterone, oxidative stress biomarkers, testis histology and fertility of male Japanese quail.Thirty-two (32) male Japanese quails twenty-eight (28) days were randomly divided into four groups: C0 (control), T1, T2 and T3, exposed daily (gavage) to 0, 37.5, 56.25 and 75 mg of AS/kg body weight (b.w), respectively, for 49 consecutive days and were analysed for fertility. Control and experimental male quails were cohabited, for two days, with untreated female quails and sperm positive female quail were analysed for paternal-mediated toxicity. After completion of fertility studies quails were sacrificed and analysed for reproductive endpoints.There was a dose dependent decrease of the relative weight of testis, epididymis and vas deferens. Additionally, testis total proteins and serum testosterone levels were decreased in AS treated quails (p < 0.05). A decrease of sperm motility, viability and concentration per vas deferens, and an increase of sperm anomalies were recorded in AS exposed quails with respect to the controls. The embryonic and post-embryonic mortality rate were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group T3 (25.00 ± 3.40% and 31.66 ± 10.22% respectively) than in control group (6.25 ± 3.98% and 9.54 ± 3.72% respectively). The superoxide dismutase (SOD), total peroxidase (POD) and catalase activity (CAT) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower treated than control quails, while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groups T1, T2 and T3 (13.00 ± 0.96, 23.50 ± 1.35 and 29.08 ± 1.58 nmol/mg tissues respectively) compared to the control one (9.32 ± 0.67nmol/mg tissues). Histopathological examination of the testes of AS treated quails revealed testicular lesions characterized by moderate to severe degenerative changes of seminiferous tubules, incomplete spermatogenesis and depletion in the germ layers of seminiferous tubules in which immature spermatozoa were hardly seen.From the above study, it can be inferred that AS (56.25 and 75) mg/kg b.w decrease body and relative organ weights and induces testicular lesions. Also, AS increases the level of MDA while it reduces the levels of enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers, serum testosterone and reproductive indices of intoxicated quails and their offspring. However, further work is needed to establish the genetic toxicology and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3 and claudin-1.  KEYWORDS:  Other:Biological sciences | Physiology | Toxicology |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00410\",\"10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00410\")","v":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00410"},"3","10","e00410","jour","Permethrin"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28870492\",\"28870492\")","v":"28870492"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Prenatal and postnatal exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts reproductive effects in male mice.",0,0,"Saito H, Hara K, Tanemura K","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Prenatal and postnatal exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts reproductive effects in male mice.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin, a pyrethroid chemical, is widely used as a pesticide because of its rapid insecticidal activity. Although permethrin is considered to exert very low toxicity on mammalian reproductive organs, the effects of early low-level and chronic exposure on adult spermatogenesis are unclear. We exposed mice to environmentally relevant concentrations of permethrin (0, 0.3, and 30ppm) in drinking water during prenatal and postnatal period and examined the effects on the testis in mice offspring when they reached maturity (12 weeks of age). Using methyl green-pyronin staining, we found an abnormal accumulation of RNA in the seminiferous epithelia of mice treated with permethrin; this accumulation may be derived from an enlargement of the residual body. Additionally, permethrin may cause a decline of Sertoli cell functions. Our findings demonstrate that low-level and chronic permethrin exposure during prenatal and postnatal period has distinct effects on male reproductive system in mice.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin|RNA MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Newborn | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | RNA/metabolism | Spermatogenesis/drug effects | Testis/majr/drug effects/metabolism Other:Chronic exposure | Endocrine disruption | Low-level exposure | Permethrin | Testis |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.022\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.022\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.022"},"74","","108-115","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|D012313:RNA|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28735887\",\"28735887\")","v":"28735887"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Effect of pyrethroids on female genital system. Review.",1,0,"Marettova E, Maretta M, Legáth J","Animal reproduction science","Effect of pyrethroids on female genital system. Review.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroids have been associated with a range of toxicological effects on various organs in animals.Recent animal studies suggest that neurodevelopmental, reproductive, and immunological effects may result following exposure to some pyrethroids at levels below those that induce overt signs of neurotoxicity. A variety of pyrethroids and their metabolites have the potential to affect the reproductive system. Dose-dependent effects on reproduction are associated with exposure across pyrethroid types. In mammals, permethrin and tetramethrin and cypermethrin have been found to be associated with adverse effects at high doses. Fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, caused morphometric and structural changes in the female genital organs. These pyrethroids affect ovulation, cause atresia of follicles, decrease the number of follicular cells, oocytes and corpora lutea and induce vesicular atrophy of the endometrial glands. The potential hormonal activity of pyrethroids showed that certain pyrethroids and their metabolites have multiple effects on the endocrine system. The level of steroid hormones, such as progesterone and estradiol, was inhibited. The pyrethorids may have the potential to mimic estrogens or to inhibit estrogen action. Some metabolites of pyrethroids, in particular permethrin and cypermethrin, are more likely to interact with the cellular estrogen receptors than the parent pyrethroids. Though several pyrethroids posses low toxicity, some pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and bifenthrin have showed considerable toxicity.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins MeSH:  | Animals | Female | Genital Diseases, Female/majr/chemically induced/veterinary | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Mammals/majr | Neurotoxicity Syndromes | Pyrethrins/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity Other:Female | Genital system | Organs | Pyrethroids |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.007\",\"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.007"},"184","","132-138","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28731614\",\"28731614\")","v":"28731614"},0,0,0,0,2018,"Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) infesting seed maize.",0,0,"Foresti J, Bastos CS, Fernandes FL, Silva PRD","Pest management science","Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) infesting seed maize.    ABSTRACT:  Although Leptoglossus zonatus is considered a secondary pest of maize grown for grain, when grown for seed, this pest can cause significant economic damage. There are no records of management recommendations for this pest. The objectives of this work were to quantify losses caused by L. zonatus to different genotypes used for seed maize production and to estimate the acute toxicity of selected insecticides to L. zonatus using different application technologies. The ultimate goal was to calculate economic injury levels (EILs) and develop economic thresholds (ETs) for L. zonatus infesting seed maize.EILs and ETs varied, respectively, from 3 to 8 and from 2 to 6 adults per 1000 plants, depending on the genotype, insecticide and application technology. Effective control was obtained by using aerial or ground application of λ-cyhalothrin (10.6%) + thiametoxan (14.1%) or permethrin (38.4%) at the rates of 1.48 mL ha-1 and 27.10 mL ha-1 , respectively, or ground application of methomyl (21.5%) at the rate of 244.06 mL ha-1 .Maize grown for seed is susceptible to L. zonatus damage during reproductive stages, and the pest densities requiring management vary with genotype, insecticide, and application technology. These results contribute significantly to integrated pest management (IPM) for seed maize. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.© 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides MeSH:  | Animals | Female | Heteroptera/majr | Insect Control/majr | Insecticides/majr | Male | Zea mays/majr/genetics/growth & development Other:Zea mays | chemical control | integrated pest management | lethal concentrations | western leaffooted bug |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4671\",\"10.1002/ps.4671\")","v":"10.1002/ps.4671"},"74","1","149-158","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28385489\",\"28385489\")","v":"28385489"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Developmental neurotoxicity of different pesticides in PC-12 cells in vitro.",0,0,"Christen V, Rusconi M, Crettaz P, Fent K","Toxicology and applied pharmacology","Developmental neurotoxicity of different pesticides in PC-12 cells in vitro.    ABSTRACT:  The detection of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemicals has high relevance for protection of human health. However, DNT of many pesticides is only little known. Furthermore, validated in vitro systems for assessment of DNT are not well established. Here we employed the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC-12 to evaluate DNT of 18 frequently used pesticides of different classes, including neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds, the organic compound used in pesticides, piperonyl butoxide, as well as the insect repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET). We determined the outgrowth of neurites in PC-12 cells co-treated with nerve growth factor and different concentrations of biocides for 5days. Furthermore, we determined transcriptional alterations of selected genes that may be associated with DNT, such as camk2α and camk2β, gap-43, neurofilament-h, tubulin-α and tubulin-β. Strong and dose- dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth was induced by azamethiphos and chlorpyrifos, and dieldrin and heptachlor, which was correlated with up-regulation of gap-43. No or only weak effects on neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations occurred for neonicotinoids acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, the pyrethroids λ-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin, the biocidal disinfectants C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium (BAC), benzalkonium chloride and barquat (dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), and piperonyl butoxide and DEET. Our study confirms potential developmental neurotoxicity of some pesticides and provides first evidence that azamethiphos has the potential to act as a developmental neurotoxic compound. We also demonstrate that inhibition of neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations of gap-43 expression correlate, which suggests the employment of gap-43 expression as a biomarker for detection and initial evaluation of potential DNT of chemicals.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: GAP-43 Protein|Genetic Markers|Pesticides|RNA, Messenger MeSH:  | Animals | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | GAP-43 Protein/genetics/metabolism | Genetic Markers | Neurites/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Neurogenesis/majr/drug effects | Neurons/majr/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Neurotoxicity Syndromes/majr/etiology/metabolism/pathology | PC12 Cells | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism | Rats | Risk Assessment | Time Factors | Toxicity Tests | Transcription, Genetic/drug effects | Transcriptional Activation/drug effects | Up-Regulation Other:Biocides | Developmental neurotoxicity | Neonicotinoids | Neurite outgrowth | PC-12 cells | Pesticides |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.027\",\"10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.027\")","v":"10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.027"},"325","","25-36","jour","Permethrin","D019922:GAP-43 Protein|D005819:Genetic Markers|D010575:Pesticides|D012333:RNA, Messenger|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28095121\",\"28095121\")","v":"28095121"},0,0,0,0,2017,"Toxicity of new pyrethroid in pest insects Asciamonuste and Diaphania hyalinata, predator Solenopsis saevissima and stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula.",0,0,"Moreno SC, Silvério FO, Lopes MC, Ramos RS, Alvarenga ES, Picanço MC","Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes","Toxicity of new pyrethroid in pest insects Asciamonuste and Diaphania hyalinata, predator Solenopsis saevissima and stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula.    ABSTRACT:  There is increasing demand for new products for vegetable pest management. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of pyrethroids with acid moiety modifications to measure the insecticidal activity of these compounds on the lepidopteran vegetable pests Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Asciamonuste (Latreille) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and evaluate their selectivity for the predatory ant Solenopsis saevissima (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and pollinator Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). Racemic mixtures of five new pyrethroids (30 µg molecule mg-1 insect body weight) resulted in high (100%) and rapid (stable LD50 after 12 h) mortality in D. hyalinata and A. monuste. In A. monuste, the trans-pyrethroid [12] isomer showed similar toxicity to permethrin. For D. hyalinata, the trans-pyrethroid [9] isomer and cis-pyrethroid [10] isomer were as toxic as permethrin. Due to their low selectivity, these new pyrethroids should be applied on the basis of ecological selectivity principles to minimize impacts on nontarget organisms S. saevissima and T. angustula.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Ants/majr/drug effects | Bees/majr/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Larva/drug effects | Lepidoptera/majr/drug effects | Permethrin/pharmacology | Pest Control/methods | Pollination | Pyrethrins/majr/chemistry/pharmacology/toxicity | Toxicity Tests Other:Brassicaceae | Chemical control | Cucurbitaceae | insecticide synthesis | new molecules | nontarget organisms | selectivity |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2016.1270681\",\"10.1080/03601234.2016.1270681\")","v":"10.1080/03601234.2016.1270681"},"52","4","237-243","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986934\",\"27986934\")","v":"27986934"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Effects of Insecticides and Fungicides Commonly Used in Tomato Production on Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phtyoseiidae).",0,0,"Ditillo JL, Kennedy GG, Walgenbach JF","Journal of economic entomology","Effects of Insecticides and Fungicides Commonly Used in Tomato Production on Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phtyoseiidae).    ABSTRACT:  The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an important pest of tomatoes in North Carolina. Resident populations of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis have recently been detected on field-grown tomatoes in central North Carolina, and potentially can be a useful biological control agent against T. urticae Laboratory bioassays were used to assess lethal and reproductive effects of 10 insecticides and five fungicides commonly used in commercial tomato production (chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, permethrin, imidacloprid, dimethoate, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, boscalid, cyazofamid, and mancozeb) on P. persimilis adult females and eggs. Insecticides were tested using concentrations equivalent to 1×, 0.5×, and 0.1× of the recommended field rates. Fungicides were tested at the 1× rate only. Dimethoate strongly impacted P. persimilis with high adult mortality, reduced fecundity, and reduced hatch of eggs laid by treated adults, particularly at high concentrations. The pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and fenpropathrin were associated with repellency and reproductive effects at high concentrations. Bifenthrin additionally caused increased mortality at high concentrations. Chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, and permethrin did not significantly affect mortality or reproduction. Imidacloprid significantly reduced fecundity and egg viability, but was not lethal to adult P. persimilis Thiamethoxam negatively impacted fecundity at the 1× rate. There were no negative effects associated with fungicide exposure with the exception of mancozeb, which impacted fecundity. Field trials were conducted to explore the in vivo impacts of screened insecticides on P. persimilis populations in the field. Field trials supported the incompatibility of dimethoate with P. persimilis populations.© The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Fungicides, Industrial|Insecticides MeSH:  | Animals | Female | Fungicides, Industrial/majr/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Lycopersicon esculentum/majr/growth & development | Mites/majr/drug effects | North Carolina | Ovum/drug effects | Pest Control, Biological Other:Tetranychus urticae | biological control | pesticide | twospotted spider mite |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow234\",\"10.1093/jee/tow234\")","v":"10.1093/jee/tow234"},"109","6","2298-2308","jour","Permethrin","D005659:Fungicides, Industrial|D007306:Insecticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27892872\",\"27892872\")","v":"27892872"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Fern-synthesized silver nanocrystals: Towards a new class of mosquito oviposition deterrents?",0,0,"Rajaganesh R, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Jayashanthini S, Aziz AT, Roni M, Suresh U, Trivedi S, Rehman H, Higuchi A, Nicoletti M, Benelli G","Research in veterinary science","Fern-synthesized silver nanocrystals: Towards a new class of mosquito oviposition deterrents?    ABSTRACT:  Mosquitoes act as vectors of devastating pathogens and parasites, representing a key threat for millions of humans and animals worldwide. Eco-friendly control tools are urgently required. We proposed a novel method of fern-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using Dicranopteris linearis, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential and particle size analysis. In mosquitocidal assays, the LC50 of D. linearis extract against Aedes aegypti ranged from 165.213 (larva I) to 255.055ppm (pupa). LC50 of D. linearis-synthesized AgNP ranged from 18.905 (larva I) to 29.328ppm (pupa). In the field, the application of D. linearis extract and AgNP (10×LC50) led to 100% larval reduction after 72h. Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against A. aegypti adults showed that D. linearis leaf-, stem- and root-based coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the permethrin-based positive control (58%, 47%, 34%, and 48% respectively). In ovicidal experiments, egg hatchability was reduced by 100% after treatment with 25ppm of AgNP and 300ppm of D. linearis extract. Interestingly, oviposition deterrent assays highlighted that 100ppm of fern extract reduced oviposition rates of more than 65%, while 10ppm of fern-fabricated AgNP reduced oviposition rates of more than 70% in A. aegypti (OAI were -0.52 and -0.55, respectively). Overall, our results highlighted that D. linearis-synthesized AgNP could be useful candidates to develop nano-formulated oviposition deterrents effective against dengue vectors.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Plant Extracts|Silver MeSH:  | Aedes/majr/drug effects | Animals | Dengue | Female | Ferns/majr/metabolism | Humans | Larva | Metal Nanoparticles/majr/chemistry | Mosquito Control/majr/methods | Oviposition/majr/drug effects | Plant Extracts/chemistry | Plant Leaves/chemistry | Pupa | Silver/majr/chemistry | X-Ray Diffraction Other:Aedes aegypti | Dengue | Dicranopteris linearis | Larvicides | Ovicides | Silver nanoparticles |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.012\",\"10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.012\")","v":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.012"},"109","","40-51","jour","Permethrin","D010936:Plant Extracts|D012834:Silver|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27548647\",\"27548647\")","v":"27548647"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Insect Repellants During Pregnancy in the Era of the Zika Virus.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC5737756\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Wylie BJ, Hauptman M, Woolf AD, Goldman RH","Obstetrics and gynecology","Insect Repellants During Pregnancy in the Era of the Zika Virus.    ABSTRACT:  Health care providers must be equipped to provide appropriate advice to reproductive-aged patients for protection against the potentially devastating consequences of prenatal Zika virus exposure. The goal of this commentary is to summarize what is known about the safety and toxicity of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) as a topical insect repellant and the pyrethroid permethrin for treatment of fabric, endorsed in the fight against Zika virus. Reviews assessing the safety and toxicity of DEET conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency conclude that DEET has low acute toxicity and does not appear to pose a significant health concern to humans when used as directed. Some experimental animal and limited epidemiologic data suggest that prenatal pyrethroid exposure may adversely affect learning and behavior, but this level of evidence pales in comparison to the known risks of Zika virus to the fetal brain. The available evidence has led to the strong recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for use of these products by pregnant women as personal protection against mosquito bites in the fight against Zika virus infection. This message has been affirmed by our obstetrics and gynecology professional organizations. Because Zika virus is unlikely to be the last disease requiring vector control, those with environmental health expertise must continue to join with infectious disease specialists to communicate the potential vulnerability of our youngest (fetuses, infants, and young children) to vector-borne disease, both to the disease itself and to the strategies employed to mitigate the spread of such disease.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insect Repellents|Pyrethrins|DEET|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Culicidae | DEET/majr/therapeutic use/toxicity | Female | Humans | Insect Bites and Stings/prevention & control | Insect Repellents/majr/therapeutic use/toxicity | Permethrin/therapeutic use | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/majr/prevention & control | Pyrethrins/therapeutic use/toxicity | Safety | Zika Virus Infection/majr/prevention & control",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001685\",\"10.1097/AOG.0000000000001685\")","v":"10.1097/AOG.0000000000001685"},"128","5","1111-1115","jour","Permethrin","D007302:Insect Repellents|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003671:DEET|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27183507\",\"27183507\")","v":"27183507"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Permethrin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity and metabolism. A review.",1,0,"Wang X, Martínez MA, Dai M, Chen D, Ares I, Romero A, Castellano V, Martínez M, Rodríguez JL, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Yuan Z","Environmental research","Permethrin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity and metabolism. A review.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin (PER), the most frequently used synthetic Type I pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in the world because of its high activity as an insecticide and its low mammalian toxicity. It was originally believed that PER exhibited low toxicity on untargeted animals. However, as its use became more extensive worldwide, increasing evidence suggested that PER might have a variety of toxic effects on animals and humans alike, such as neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive, genotoxic, and haematotoxic effects, digestive system toxicity, and cytotoxicity. A growing number of studies indicate that oxidative stress played critical roles in the various toxicities associated with PER. To date, almost no review has addressed the toxicity of PER correlated with oxidative stress. The focus of this article is primarily to summarise advances in the research associated with oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for PER-induced toxicity as well as its metabolism. This review summarises the research conducted over the past decade into the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress as a consequence of PER treatments, and ultimately their correlation with the toxicity and the metabolism of PER. The metabolism of PER involves various CYP450 enzymes, alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenases for oxidation and the carboxylesterases for hydrolysis, through which oxidative stress might occur, and such metabolic factors are also reviewed. The protection of a variety of antioxidants against PER-induced toxicity is also discussed, in order to further understand the role of oxidative stress in PER-induced toxicity. This review will throw new light on the critical roles of oxidative stress in PER-induced toxicity, as well as on the blind spots that still exist in the understanding of PER metabolism, the cellular effects in terms of apoptosis and cell signaling pathways, and finally strategies to help to protect against its oxidative damage.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Insecticides|Reactive Oxygen Species|Permethrin MeSH:  | Environmental Exposure/majr | Environmental Pollutants/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Insecticides/metabolism/toxicity | Oxidative Stress/drug effects | Permethrin/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism Other:Insecticide | Metabolism | Oxidative stress | Permethrin | Pyrethroids | ROS |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.003\",\"10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.003\")","v":"10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.003"},"149","","86-104","jour","Permethrin","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D007306:Insecticides|D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27040646\",\"27040646\")","v":"27040646"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Effects of label-dose permethrin administration in yearling beef cattle: I. Reproductive function and embryo quality of superovulated heifers.",0,0,"Dohlman TM, Jahnke MM, West JK, Phillips PE, Gunn PJ","Theriogenology","Effects of label-dose permethrin administration in yearling beef cattle: I. Reproductive function and embryo quality of superovulated heifers.    ABSTRACT:  The objective was to study the effects of a commercial pyrethroid-based pour-on product, permethrin, on reproductive performance in superovulated beef heifers by assessing steroid biosynthesis and embryo quality. Nonpregnant, yearling beef heifers (n = 10; 418 ± 33 kg; 5.5 ± 0.2 body conditioning scores) were assigned by body weight and breed to either (1) saline control or (2) permethrin pour-on administered at label dose (PYR). Superovulation was achieved on all heifers using a timed, 17-day, CIDR-based protocol with GnRH and PGF2α and decreasing total dosage of 240-mg FSH administered twice daily for 4 days. Heifers were artificially inseminated twice (at onset of estrus and 12 hours later) by same technician with frozen semen from single bull collection. To determine short- and long-term effects of permethrin on embryo quality and steroid biosynthesis, superovulation was initiated twice with collection of embryos occurring at 17 and 51 days after treatment. Embryos were recovered 6.5 days after first artificial insemination via nonsurgical flush and were evaluated by International Embryo Transfer Society standards. Blood was collected at standing estrus and day of embryo recovery. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations were analyzed via RIA. MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS were used to analyze continuous and categorical data, respectively. Heifer per flush was the experimental unit. Total embryos recovered did not differ because of treatment (P = 0.30), but did decrease in flush 2 compared with flush 1 (P = 0.02). Quality grade, total transferable quality embryos, and overall flush success did not differ because of treatment (P ≥ 0.16). However, transferable quality embryos were decreased in flush 2 compared with flush 1 (P = 0.05). Total unfertilized oocytes were greater in saline control (P = 0.04). The PYR heifers tended to have less total P4 (P = 0.15) and P4 per CL (P = 0.06) at recovery. E2 per ovulated follicle and E2 per total ovarian structure was greater in flush 2 (P ≤ 0.03) but did not differ because of treatment (P ≥ 0.23). In summary, these data indicate that permethrin administration at label dose in superovulated beef heifers has a tendency to reduce P4, but embryo quality is not affected.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Embryo, Mammalian/majr/drug effects | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Female | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Ovulation Induction | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Reproduction/majr/drug effects Other:Embryo | Estradiol | Progesterone | Pyrethroid | Superovulation |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.015\",\"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.015\")","v":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.015"},"85","9","1528-1533","jour","Permethrin","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27020401\",\"27020401\")","v":"27020401"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Effects of label-dose permethrin administration in yearling beef cattle: I. Bull reproductive function and testicular histopathology.",0,0,"Dohlman TM, Phillips PE, Madson DM, Clark CA, Gunn PJ","Theriogenology","Effects of label-dose permethrin administration in yearling beef cattle: I. Bull reproductive function and testicular histopathology.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroid administration to a wide variety of laboratory animals has been shown to cause detrimental effects on male fertility, including sperm quality, by means of endocrine disruption. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of a commercial, permethrin-containing pour-on product on reproductive variables and testicular histopathology of yearling beef bulls. Black Angus bulls (n = 60; aged 369 ± 17 days; 511 ± 33 kg; 6.2 ± 0.5 body condition scores) were assigned to either (1) saline control (CON) or (2) permethrin pour-on administered at label dose (PYR). Blood samples were collected, and industry standard breeding soundness examinations (BSE), via electroejaculation, were performed on all bulls at 5 days before and 14 days after treatment. Progressive sperm motility and eosin-nigrosin-stained sperm were analyzed using high-power phase-contrast microscopy. Plasma testosterone concentrations were analyzed via radioimmunoassay. Bulls were slaughtered at 34 days, and one testicle per bull was randomly collected for histologic examination. Change in sperm motility between BSEs was not different because of treatment; sperm morphology however improved across treatments, but PYR bulls had less improvement in percent of head (P < 0.001) sperm abnormalities compared to CON, resulting in less improvement of primary abnormalities (P = 0.04). Nonetheless, morphological differences did not change the overall outcome for satisfactory breeder status. Change in testosterone concentration did not differ because of treatment. Histopathologic examination identified that testicular degeneration and tubule diameter did not differ as a result of treatment. It should be noted, however, that degeneration score (higher score having more degeneration) was positively correlated with primary abnormalities (P < 0.01; r = 0.35) and negatively correlated with normal sperm cells (P < 0.001; r = -0.43). In summary, these data indicate that a single use of permethrin at label dose in yearling Angus bulls results in minimal detrimental effects on sperm morphology but not to a degree that impacts the ability of bulls to pass a standard BSE.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Fertility/drug effects | Male | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatozoa/drug effects | Testis/drug effects/pathology Other:Bull | Endocrine disruption | Permethrin | Pyrethroid | Sperm | Testicular degeneration |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.02.014\",\"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.02.014\")","v":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.02.014"},"85","9","1534-1539","jour","Permethrin","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820244\",\"26820244\")","v":"26820244"},0,0,0,0,2016,"Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly - Brazil, 2015.",0,0,"Schuler-Faccini L, Ribeiro EM, Feitosa IM, Horovitz DD, Cavalcanti DP, Pessoa A, Doriqui MJ, Neri JI, Neto JM, Wanderley HY, Cernach M, El-Husny AS, Pone MV, Serao CL, Sanseverino MT","MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly - Brazil, 2015.    ABSTRACT:  In early 2015, an outbreak of Zika virus, a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, was identified in northeast Brazil, an area where dengue virus was also circulating. By September, reports of an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in Zika virus-affected areas began to emerge, and Zika virus RNA was identified in the amniotic fluid of two women whose fetuses had been found to have microcephaly by prenatal ultrasound. The Brazil Ministry of Health (MoH) established a task force to investigate the possible association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a registry for incident microcephaly cases (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth) and pregnancy outcomes among women suspected to have had Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Among a cohort of 35 infants with microcephaly born during August-October 2015 in eight of Brazil's 26 states and reported to the registry, the mothers of all 35 had lived in or visited Zika virus-affected areas during pregnancy, 25 (71%) infants had severe microcephaly (head circumference >3 SD below the mean for sex and gestational age), 17 (49%) had at least one neurologic abnormality, and among 27 infants who had neuroimaging studies, all had abnormalities. Tests for other congenital infections were negative. All infants had a lumbar puncture as part of the evaluation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were sent to a reference laboratory in Brazil for Zika virus testing; results are not yet available. Further studies are needed to confirm the association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and to understand any other adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with Zika virus infection. Pregnant women in Zika virus-affected areas should protect themselves from mosquito bites by using air conditioning, screens, or nets when indoors, wearing long sleeves and pants, using permethrin-treated clothing and gear, and using insect repellents when outdoors. Pregnant and lactating women can use all U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents according to the product label.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH:  | Brazil/epidemiology | Female | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Microcephaly/majr/epidemiology/virology | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/majr/epidemiology | Zika Virus Infection/majr/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e2\",\"10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e2\")","v":"10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e2"},"65","3","59-62","jour","Permethrin"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558472\",\"26558472\")","v":"26558472"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Effect of in utero exposure to endocrine disruptors on fetal steroidogenesis governed by the pituitary-gonad axis: a study in rats using different ways of administration.",0,0,"Kariyazono Y, Taura J, Hattori Y, Ishii Y, Narimatsu S, Fujimura M, Takeda T, Yamada H","The Journal of toxicological sciences","Effect of in utero exposure to endocrine disruptors on fetal steroidogenesis governed by the pituitary-gonad axis: a study in rats using different ways of administration.    ABSTRACT:  The effects of endocrine disruptors on testicular steroidogenesis in fetal rats were investigated in a study involving in utero exposure. In the major part of this study, pregnant rats at gestational day (GD)15 were given a single oral administration of the test substance, and then the expression of the following mRNAs in GD20 fetuses was determined: testicular steroidogenic acute-regulatory protein (StAR), a cholesterol transporter mediating the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis, a ß-subunit of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH), and a regulator of gonadal steroidogenesis. Among the substances tested, only di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) reduced the expression of fetal testicular StAR. The others listed below exhibited little effect on fetal StAR: 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenylether, tributyltin chloride, atrazine, permethrin, cadmium chloride (Cd), lead acetate (Pb) and methylmercury (CH3HgOH). None of them, including DEHP, lacked the ability to reduce the expression of pituitary LHß mRNA. The present study also examined the potential of metals as modifiers of fetal steroidogenesis by giving them to pregnant dams in drinking water during GD1 and GD20. Under these conditions, Cd and Pb at a low concentration (0.01 ppm) significantly attenuated the fetal testicular expression of StAR mRNA without a concomitant reduction in LHß. No such effect was detected with CH3HgOH even at 1 ppm. These results suggest that: 1) DEHP, Cd and Pb attenuate the fetal production of sex steroids by directly acting on the testis, and 2) chronic treatment during the entire gestational period is more useful than a single administration for determining the hazardous effect of a suspected endocrine disruptor on fetal steroidogenesis.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Cadmium Compounds|Endocrine Disruptors|Phosphoproteins|RNA, Messenger|steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|Lead|Luteinizing Hormone|Diethylhexyl Phthalate MeSH:  | Animals | Cadmium Compounds/toxicity | Diethylhexyl Phthalate/majr/toxicity | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Female | Fetus/majr/metabolism | Gonads/majr/physiology | Lead/toxicity | Luteinizing Hormone/majr/genetics/metabolism | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Maternal-Fetal Exchange | Phosphoproteins/majr/metabolism | Pituitary Gland/majr/physiology | Pregnancy | RNA, Messenger/metabolism | Rats, Wistar | Testis/majr/embryology/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.40.909\",\"10.2131/jts.40.909\")","v":"10.2131/jts.40.909"},"40","6","909-16","jour","Permethrin","D019187:Cadmium Compounds|D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D010750:Phosphoproteins|D012333:RNA, Messenger|C090395:steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|D007854:Lead|D007986:Luteinizing Hormone|D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26324808\",\"26324808\")","v":"26324808"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Environmental exposure to pesticides and respiratory health.",1,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC9487696\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Mamane A, Raherison C, Tessier JF, Baldi I, Bouvier G","European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society","Environmental exposure to pesticides and respiratory health.    ABSTRACT:  Respiratory effects of environmental exposure to pesticides are debated. Here we aimed to review epidemiological studies published up until 2013, using the PubMed database. 20 studies dealing with respiratory health and non-occupational pesticide exposure were identified, 14 carried out on children and six on adults. In four out of nine studies in children with biological measurements, mothers' dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) blood levels during pregnancy were associated with asthma and wheezing in young children. An association was also found between permethrin in indoor air during pregnancy and wheezing in children. A significant association between asthma and DDE measured in children's blood (aged 7-10 years) was observed in one study. However, in three studies, no association was found between asthma or respiratory infections in children and pesticide levels in breast milk and/or infant blood. Lastly, in three out of four studies where post-natal pesticide exposure of children was assessed by parental questionnaire an association with respiratory symptoms was found. Results of the fewer studies on pesticide environmental exposure and respiratory health of adults were much less conclusive: indeed, the associations observed were weak and often not significant. In conclusion, further studies are needed to confirm whether there is a respiratory risk associated with environmental exposure to pesticides.Copyright ©ERS 2015.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Environmental Pollutants|Pesticides MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Aged | Child | Child, Preschool | Environmental Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Environmental Pollutants/majr/adverse effects | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Lung/majr/drug effects/physiopathology | Lung Diseases/majr/chemically induced/diagnosis/physiopathology | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Middle Aged | Odds Ratio | Pesticides/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Risk Assessment | Risk Factors | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.00006114\",\"10.1183/16000617.00006114\")","v":"10.1183/16000617.00006114"},"24","137","462-73","jour","Permethrin","D004785:Environmental Pollutants|D010575:Pesticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26227141\",\"26227141\")","v":"26227141"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool in the fight against Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles stephensi?",0,0,"Murugan K, Samidoss CM, Panneerselvam C, Higuchi A, Roni M, Suresh U, Chandramohan B, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Dinesh D, Rajaganesh R, Alarfaj AA, Nicoletti M, Kumar S, Wei H, Canale A, Mehlhorn H, Benelli G","Parasitology research","Seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool in the fight against Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles stephensi?    ABSTRACT:  Malaria, the most widespread mosquito-borne disease, affects 350-500 million people each year. Eco-friendly control tools against malaria vectors are urgently needed. This research proposed a novel method of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using a cheap seaweed extract of Ulva lactuca, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The U. lactuca extract and the green-synthesized AgNP were tested against larvae and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. In mosquitocidal assays, LC50 values of U. lactuca extract against A. stephensi larvae and pupae were 18.365 ppm (I instar), 23.948 ppm (II), 29.701 ppm (III), 37.517 ppm (IV), and 43.012 ppm (pupae). LC50 values of AgNP against A. stephensi were 2.111 ppm (I), 3.090 ppm (II), 4.629 ppm (III), 5.261 ppm (IV), and 6.860 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against mosquito adults showed that U. lactuca coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the permethrin-based positive control (66, 51, and 41%, respectively). Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of U. lactuca extract and U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of U. lactuca were 57.26 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 66.36 μg/ml (CQ-r); U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP IC50 values were 76.33 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 79.13 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, our results highlighted out that U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP may be employed to develop newer and safer agents for malaria control.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Silver MeSH:  | Animals | Anopheles/majr/drug effects/parasitology | Female | Insecticides/majr/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology | Larva/drug effects/growth & development | Malaria/parasitology/transmission | Male | Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry/toxicity | Plasmodium falciparum/physiology | Pupa/drug effects | Seaweed/majr/chemistry/metabolism | Silver/majr/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology | Ulva/majr/chemistry/metabolism | X-Ray Diffraction Other:Culicidae | Malaria | Mosquito-borne diseases | Nanotechnologies | Smoke toxicity | Ulva lactuca |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4638-1\",\"10.1007/s00436-015-4638-1\")","v":"10.1007/s00436-015-4638-1"},"114","11","4087-97","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D012834:Silver|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25965195\",\"25965195\")","v":"25965195"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Effects of a mixture of pesticides on the adult female reproductive system of Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Lewis rats.",0,0,"Pascotto VM, Guerra MT, Franci JA, de Camargo JL, Kempinas WG, Franchi CA","Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A","Effects of a mixture of pesticides on the adult female reproductive system of Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Lewis rats.    ABSTRACT:  The Brazilian federal government Agency for Health Surveillance detected pesticide residues in fresh food available for consumers all over the country. The current study investigated the effects of a mixture of some of those pesticides (dichlorvos, dicofol, dieldrin, endosulfan, and permethrin) on the reproductive system of Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wistar (WT), and Lewis (LEW) rats. Female rats from each strain were randomized into three experimental groups and were fed a control diet or diets added with pesticides mixture at their respective no-observed-effect level (NOEL)/no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) (low dose) (mg/kg/d): dichlorvos (0.23), dicofol (0.5), dieldrin (0.025), endosulfan (0.7), permethrin (5), or lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL)/lowest-effect level (LEL)/ lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) (toxically effective dose) (mg/kg/d): dichlorvos (2.3), dicofol (2.1), dieldrin (0.05), endosulfan (3.8), and permethrin (25) as reported in the literature. Euthanasia was performed between wk 10 and 12, during the estrous stage. Decreased body weights gain (SD and WT) and increased liver weights (SD, WT, and LEW) were observed in each strain fed the pesticides mixture at the higher levels. At that dose level, rat strains also varied in their responses regarding the estrous cycle, hormonal levels, and number of developing ovarian follicles. The studied mixture of pesticides was found to interfere with the female reproductive system when individual pesticides were mixed above a certain level, indicating a threshold exists for each of the strains studied.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides MeSH:  | Animals | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Genitalia, Female/majr/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level | Random Allocation | Rats/majr/metabolism | Rats, Inbred Lew | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Rats, Wistar",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2015.1010467\",\"10.1080/15287394.2015.1010467\")","v":"10.1080/15287394.2015.1010467"},"78","9","602-16","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25927378\",\"25927378\")","v":"25927378"},0,0,0,0,2015,"To assess whether addition of pyriproxyfen to long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets increases their durability compared to standard long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4423132\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Sagnon N, Pinder M, Tchicaya EF, Tiono AB, Faragher B, Ranson H, Lindsay SW","Trials","To assess whether addition of pyriproxyfen to long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets increases their durability compared to standard long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.    ABSTRACT:  The effectiveness of pyrethroid-treated bednets for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa is under threat because of high levels of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the vectors. Here we assess the durability of polyethylene nets with a novel combination of permethrin, a pyrethroid, with pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile mimic (PPF-LLIN), in comparison with a typical permethrin-treated long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN).This is a cluster randomised controlled trial of net durability in Burkina Faso, with clustering at the level of the compound and includes entomological outcome measurements. Half the compounds in each village will be randomly allocated PPF-LLIN and half the LLIN. All sleeping places in a compound will be provided with one type of net. We will distribute the nets at the start of the first transmission season and follow net use at the start and end of each transmission season for 3 years. In one village, bio-efficacy and chemical content will be recorded immediately after net distribution and then at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. In the other village net survivorship and fabric integrity will be recorded immediately after distribution, and then at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. Routine measurements of indoor temperature and relative humidity will be made in both villages during the study. Residents will be followed for possible side effects of the PPF-LLIN by surveillance of known asthmatic subjects during the first month post-distribution and pregnancy outcomes will be monitored from antenatal clinic records.The protocol is novel on two accounts. Firstly, it is the first to describe the procedure for measuring net durability following recent World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. Meeting the minimum requirements set in the guidelines is essential before a new type of net can be recommended by WHO's Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). Secondly, it describes methods to monitor the persistence of an active ingredient that reduces vector fertility and fecundity. If the PPF-LLIN is both effective and persistent it will provide an alternative vector control strategy where pyrethroid-resistant vectors are present.ISRCTN30634670 assigned 13 August 2014.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyridines|pyriproxyfen|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Anopheles/majr/parasitology | Burkina Faso | Disease Vectors/majr | Equipment Failure | Female | Humans | Humidity | Insecticide-Treated Bednets/majr/adverse effects | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Malaria/majr/parasitology/prevention & control/transmission | Male | Mosquito Control/majr/instrumentation | Permethrin/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Outcome | Pyridines/majr/adverse effects | Seasons | Temperature | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0700-7\",\"10.1186/s13063-015-0700-7\")","v":"10.1186/s13063-015-0700-7"},"16","","195","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011725:Pyridines|C055613:pyriproxyfen|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25634326\",\"25634326\")","v":"25634326"},0,0,0,0,2015,"Spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity of permethrin in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.",0,0,"Erkmen B","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity of permethrin in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.    ABSTRACT:  The toxicity of permethrin on the fertilization and early development of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos were studied. Spermiotoxicity was evaluated on the basis of fertilization rate. Embryotoxicity was determined by comparing the frequency of normal development and malformations in embryos exposed to permethrin throughout their development. Permethrin inhibited fertilization success, and yielded IC25 and IC50 values of 0.58 (CL = 0.44-0.77) and 0.94 (CL = 0.92-0.95) µg/L, respectively. The embryotoxicity of permethrin was concentration dependent indicating a decreased percentage of normally developed plutei with increasing permethrin concentrations: IC25 = 0.195 µg/L (CL = 0.15-0.26) and IC50 = 0.346 µg/L (CF = 0.29-0.41). Associated with the decrease in normal pluteus frequency was an increase in larval malformations as skeleton deformities. The results suggest that permethrin is more highly toxic to embryos than to sperm, and that this insecticide may present a potential risk for the sea urchin in contaminated marine environments.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Embryo, Nonmammalian/majr/drug effects | Embryonic Development/majr/drug effects | Fertilization/drug effects | Larva/growth & development | Male | Paracentrotus/majr/drug effects/embryology/growth & development | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects | Toxicity Tests | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1482-z\",\"10.1007/s00128-015-1482-z\")","v":"10.1007/s00128-015-1482-z"},"94","4","419-24","jour","Permethrin","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25192380\",\"25192380\")","v":"25192380"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and parental report of learning disability and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children: NHANES 1999-2002.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4256700\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Quirós-Alcalá L, Mehta S, Eskenazi B","Environmental health perspectives","Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and parental report of learning disability and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children: NHANES 1999-2002.    ABSTRACT:  Use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased dramatically over the past decade; however, data on their potential health effects, particularly on children, are limited.We examined the cross-sectional association between postnatal pyrethroid exposure and parental report of learning disability (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-15 years of age.Using logistic regression, we estimated associations of urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides with parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD in 1,659-1,680 children participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002).The prevalence rates of parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD were 12.7%, 10.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. Metabolite detection frequencies for 3-PBA [3-phenoxybenzoic acid], cis-DCCA [cis-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid], and trans-DCCA [trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] were 77.1%, 35.6%, and 33.9%, respectively. The geometric mean 3-PBA concentration was 0.32 μg/L (median = 0.31 μg/L; interquartile rage = 0.10-0.89 μg/L). cis- and trans-DCCA 75th-percentile concentrations were 0.21 μg/L and 0.68 μg/L, respectively. Log10-transformed 3-PBA concentrations were associated with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51) for parent-reported LD, 1.16 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.58) for ADHD, and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.27) for both LD and ADHD. Adjusted ORs remained nonsignificant and decreased after controlling for creatinine and other environmental chemicals previously linked to altered neurodevelopment. Similarly, no significant associations were observed for cis- and trans-DCCA.Postnatal pyrethroid exposure was not associated with parental report of LD and/or ADHD. Given the widespread and increasing use of pyrethroids, future research should evaluate exposures at current levels, particularly during critical windows of brain development.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Adolescent | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Child | Child Health Services | Environmental Exposure | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Learning Disabilities/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Linear Models | Male | Maternal Exposure | Nutrition Surveys | Permethrin/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prevalence | United States/epidemiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1308031\",\"10.1289/ehp.1308031\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1308031"},"122","12","1336-42","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24959772\",\"24959772\")","v":"24959772"},0,0,0,0,2014,"The toxic effect of permethrin and cypermethrin on engorged Ixodes ricinus females.",0,0,"Buczek A, Bartosik K, Kuczyński P","Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","The toxic effect of permethrin and cypermethrin on engorged Ixodes ricinus females.    ABSTRACT:  Ixodes ricinus tick is of great medical and veterinary importance and has a wide range of geographical distribution. The study presents the effect of permethrin (Per) and cypermethrin (CM) on engorged I. ricinus females.The effect of perythroids studied on engorged I. ricinus females was assessed on the basis of the pre-oviposition and oviposition period. Remote effects of Per and CM application were assessed by investigation of the length and course of embryonic development and larval hatching from eggs laid by pyrethroid-treated females. Per (Copex WP) was used at doses of 0.78125-25.0 µg/1 specimen, and CM (Kordon 10WP) was applied at 0.3125-10.0 µg/1 specimen. Immediately after the feeding period, I. ricinus females were sprayed with 20 µl of a pyrethroid solution and kept at 28 °C and 75%RH.The experiments demonstrated that CM exerted a stronger toxic effect on I. ricinus females than Per. The lowest doses of CM doubled the length of the pre-oviposition period while its highest doses prolonged the period nearly three times compared with the control. The pyrethroids applied reduced the number and weight of eggs and changed the parameters of the oviposition process. Application of the tested pyrethroid doses led to disturbances in the embryonic development of I. ricinus, i.e. the development was prolonged, few normal larvae hatched, numerous eggs and embryos at various developmental stages died, and larval hatch was inhibited.Knowledge about the sensitivity of engorged females to different doses of the tested pyrethroids and the remote effects of their action can be used in practice for tick control among livestock animals, and the reduction of tick population abundance in the environment.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Acaricides|Pyrethrins|cypermethrin|Permethrin MeSH:  | Acaricides/majr | Animals | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Ixodes/majr | Permethrin/majr | Poland | Pyrethrins/majr | Reproduction/drug effects | Tick Infestations/majr/prevention & control",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/1232-1966.1108587\",\"10.5604/1232-1966.1108587\")","v":"10.5604/1232-1966.1108587"},"21","2","259-62","jour","Permethrin","D056810:Acaricides|D011722:Pyrethrins|C017160:cypermethrin|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24659580\",\"24659580\")","v":"24659580"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Monitoring the aquatic toxicity of mosquito vector control spray pesticides to freshwater receiving waters.",0,0,"Phillips BM, Anderson BS, Voorhees JP, Siegler K, Denton D, TenBrook P, Larsen K, Isorena P, Tjeerdema RS","Integrated environmental assessment and management","Monitoring the aquatic toxicity of mosquito vector control spray pesticides to freshwater receiving waters.    ABSTRACT:  Pesticides are applied to state and local waterways in California to control insects such as mosquitoes, which are known to serve as a vector for West Nile Virus infection of humans. The California State Water Resources Control Board adopted a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System General Permit to address the discharge to waters of the United States of pesticides resulting from adult and larval mosquito control. Because pesticides used in spray activities have the potential to cause toxicity to nontarget organisms in receiving waters, the current study was designed to determine whether toxicity testing provides additional, useful environmental risk information beyond chemical analysis in monitoring spray pesticide applications. Monitoring included a combination of aquatic toxicity tests and chemical analyses of receiving waters from agricultural, urban, and wetland habitats. The active ingredients monitored included the organophosphate pesticides malathion and naled, the pyrethroid pesticides etofenprox, permethrin, and sumithrin, pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Approximately 15% of the postapplication water samples were significantly toxic. Toxicity of half of these samples was attributed to the naled breakdown product dichlorvos. Toxicity of 2 other water samples likely occurred when PBO synergized the effects of pyrethroid pesticides that were likely present in the receiving system. Four of 43 postapplication sediment samples were significantly more toxic than their corresponding pre-application samples, but none of the observed toxicity was attributed to the application events. These results indicate that many of the spray pesticides used for adult mosquito control do not pose significant acute toxicity risk to invertebrates in receiving systems. In the case of naled in water, analysis of only the active ingredient underestimated potential impacts to the receiving system, because toxicity was attributed to the breakdown product, dichlorvos. Toxicity testing can provide useful risk information about unidentified, unmeasured toxicants or mixtures of toxicants. In this case, toxicity testing provided information that could lead to the inclusion of dichlorvos monitoring as a permit requirement.© 2014 SETAC.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Pyrethrins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Piperonyl Butoxide|Naled|Malathion MeSH:  | Amphipoda/drug effects | Animals | Cladocera/drug effects/physiology | Culicidae | Environmental Monitoring | Fresh Water/analysis | Geologic Sediments/analysis | Insect Control/majr | Malathion/analysis/toxicity | Naled/analysis/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Piperonyl Butoxide/analysis/toxicity | Pyrethrins/analysis/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Risk Assessment | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/analysis/toxicity Other:Aquatic toxicity | Mosquito | NPDES permit | Pesticide | Vector control |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1534\",\"10.1002/ieam.1534\")","v":"10.1002/ieam.1534"},"10","3","449-55","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide|D009267:Naled|D008294:Malathion|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555527\",\"24555527\")","v":"24555527"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and reduced adult life span in an insecticide-resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4008687\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Otali D, Novak RJ, Wan W, Bu S, Moellering DR, De Luca M","Bulletin of entomological research","Increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and reduced adult life span in an insecticide-resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae.    ABSTRACT:  Control of the malaria vector An. gambiae is still largely obtained through chemical intervention using pyrethroids, such as permethrin. However, strains of An. gambiae that are resistant to the toxic effects of pyrethroids have become widespread in several endemic areas over the last decade. The objective of this study was to assess differences in five life-history traits (larval developmental time and the body weight, fecundity, hatch rate, and longevity of adult females) and energy metabolism between a strain of An. gambiae that is resistant to permethrin (RSP), due to knockdown resistance and enhanced metabolic detoxification, and a permethrin susceptible strain reared under laboratory conditions. We also quantified the expression levels of five antioxidant enzyme genes: GSTe3, CAT, GPXH1, SOD1, and SOD2. We found that the RSP strain had a longer developmental time than the susceptible strain. Additionally, RSP adult females had higher wet body weight and increased water and glycogen levels. Compared to permethrin susceptible females, RSP females displayed reduced metabolic rate and mitochondrial coupling efficiency and higher mitochondrial ROS production. Furthermore, despite higher levels of GSTe3 and CAT transcripts, RSP females had a shorter adult life span than susceptible females. Collectively, these results suggest that permethrin resistance alleles might affect energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and adult survival of An. gambiae. However, because the strains used in this study differ in their genetic backgrounds, the results need to be interpreted with caution and replicated in other strains to have significant implications for malaria transmission and vector control.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Reactive Oxygen Species|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Anopheles/majr/drug effects/genetics/growth & development/physiology | Body Weight/drug effects | Energy Metabolism/drug effects | Female | Insecticide Resistance/majr | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology | Larva/drug effects/genetics/growth & development/physiology | Longevity/drug effects | Mitochondria/drug effects | Permethrin/majr/pharmacology | Reactive Oxygen Species/majr/metabolism | Reproduction/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007485314000091\",\"10.1017/S0007485314000091\")","v":"10.1017/S0007485314000091"},"104","3","323-33","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24317226\",\"24317226\")","v":"24317226"},0,0,0,0,2014,"Evaluation of pyrethroid exposures in pregnant women from 10 Caribbean countries.",0,0,"Dewailly E, Forde M, Robertson L, Kaddar N, Laouan Sidi EA, Côté S, Gaudreau E, Drescher O, Ayotte P","Environment international","Evaluation of pyrethroid exposures in pregnant women from 10 Caribbean countries.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroid pesticides are commonly used in tropical regions such as the Caribbean as household insecticides, pet sprays, and where malaria is endemic, impregnated into mosquito-repellent nets. Of particular concern is exposure during pregnancy, as these compounds have the potential to cross the placental barrier and interfere with fetal development, as was shown in limited animal studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate exposure to pyrethroids to pregnant women residing in 10 English-speaking Caribbean countries. Pyrethroid exposures were determined by analyzing five pyrethroid metabolites in urine samples from 295 pregnant women: cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, 3-PBA, and 4-F-3-PBA. Pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in Caribbean pregnant women were generally higher in the 10 Caribbean countries than levels reported for Canadian and U.S. women. In Antigua & Barbuda and Jamaica participants the geometric mean concentrations of cis-DBCA was significantly higher than in the other nine countries together (p<0.0001 and <0.0012 respectively). For cis- and trans-DCCA, only Antigua & Barbuda women differed significantly from participants of the other nine Caribbean countries (p<0.0001). Urinary 4-F-3-PBA and 3-PBA levels were significantly higher in Antigua & Barbuda (p<0.0028 and p<0.0001 respectively) as well as in Grenada (p<0.0001 and p<0.007 respectively). These results indicate extensive use of pyrethroid compounds such as permethrin and cypermethrin in Caribbean households. In Antigua & Barbuda, the data reveals a greater use of deltamethrin. This study underscores the need for Caribbean public health authorities to encourage their populations, and in particular pregnant women, to utilize this class of pesticides more judiciously given the potentially adverse effects of exposure on fetuses and infants.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid|Insecticides|Pyrethrins|cypermethrin|Permethrin MeSH:  | Adult | Caribbean Region/epidemiology | Female | Humans | Infant | Insecticides/majr/metabolism/urine | Maternal Exposure/majr | Permethrin/majr/metabolism/urine | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/metabolism/urine Other:3-PBA | 3-phenoxybenzoic acid | 4-F-3-PBA | 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid | ANOVA | CHMS | CHUQ | CTQ | Canadian Health Measure Survey | Caribbean | Centre Hospitalier universitaire de Québec | Centre de toxicologie du Québec | EPA | Environmental Health Agency | IDRC | INSPQ | Insecticides | Institut national de santé publique du Québec | International Development Research Centre | LOD | Limit of detection | MS | Mass spectrometer | NHANES | National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey | POPs | Persistent Organic Pollutants | Pesticides | Pregnant women | Prenatal exposure | Pyrethroids | QA/QC | Quality assurance/Quality control | analysis of variance | cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid | cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid | cis-DBCA | cis-DCCA | trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid | trans-DCCA |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.014\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.014\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.014"},"63","","201-6","jour","Permethrin","C505758:3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid|D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|C017160:cypermethrin|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24150868\",\"24150868\")","v":"24150868"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Prenatal exposure to permethrin influences vascular development of fetal brain and adult behavior in mice offspring.",0,0,"Imanishi S, Okura M, Zaha H, Yamamoto T, Akanuma H, Nagano R, Shiraishi H, Fujimaki H, Sone H","Environmental toxicology","Prenatal exposure to permethrin influences vascular development of fetal brain and adult behavior in mice offspring.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides and show neurotoxic effects that induce oxidative stress in the neonatal rat brain. However, little is still known about effects of prenatal exposure to permethrin on vascular development in fetal brain, central nervous system development, and adult offspring behaviors. In this study, the effects of prenatal exposure to permethrin on the development of cerebral arteries in fetal brains, neurotransmitter in neonatal brains, and locomotor activities in offspring mice were investigated. Permethrin (0, 2, 10, 50, and 75 mg/kg) was orally administered to pregnant females once on gestation day 10.5. The brains of permethrin-treated fetuses showed altered vascular formation involving shortened lengths of vessels, an increased number of small branches, and, in some cases, insufficient fusion of the anterior communicating arteries in the area of circle of Willis. The prenatal exposure to permethrin altered neocortical and hippocampus thickness in the mid brain and significantly increased norepinephrine and dopamine levels at postnatal day 7 mice. For spontaneous behavior, the standing ability test using a viewing jar and open-field tests showed significant decrease of the standing ability and locomotor activity in male mice at 8 or 12 weeks of age, respectively. The results suggest that prenatal exposure to permethrin may affect insufficient development of the brain through alterations of vascular development.Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Angiogenesis Inhibitors|Insecticides|Neurotransmitter Agents|Thalidomide|Permethrin|Dopamine|Norepinephrine MeSH:  | Angiogenesis Inhibitors/toxicity | Animals | Animals, Newborn | Brain/majr/blood supply/drug effects/embryology/growth & development | Cerebral Arteries/abnormalities | Dopamine/metabolism | Female | Fetus | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | Maternal Exposure/adverse effects | Mice | Mice, Inbred ICR | Motor Activity | Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects | Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism | Norepinephrine/metabolism | Oxidative Stress | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr/physiopathology/psychology | Rats | Thalidomide/toxicity Other:cerebral arteries | fetal exposure | mice | pyrethroids |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20758\",\"10.1002/tox.20758\")","v":"10.1002/tox.20758"},"28","11","617-29","jour","Permethrin","D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors|D007306:Insecticides|D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents|D013792:Thalidomide|D026023:Permethrin|D004298:Dopamine|D009638:Norepinephrine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24141037\",\"24141037\")","v":"24141037"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Pairing behavior and reproduction in Hyalella azteca as sensitive endpoints for detecting long-term consequences of pesticide pulses.",0,0,"Pedersen S, Palmqvist A, Thorbek P, Hamer M, Forbes V","Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","Pairing behavior and reproduction in Hyalella azteca as sensitive endpoints for detecting long-term consequences of pesticide pulses.    ABSTRACT:  The aim of the present study was to examine acute and delayed effects of pulse exposure of the pyrethroid pesticide, permethrin, on precopulatory pairs of Hyalella azteca. Pairs of H. azteca were exposed to a single 1h pulse of different nominal concentrations of permethrin: 0, 0.3, 0.9 or 2.7 μg/L. During exposure, pairing behavior was observed, and during a 56 day post-exposure period the treatments were monitored for pairing behavior, survival and reproductive output. All permethrin-exposed pairs separated within minutes during exposure and shortly thereafter became immobile; however they regained mobility after transfer to clean water. The time to re-form pairs was significantly longer in all tested concentrations compared to the control, although all surviving pairs re-formed within the 56 day test period. Nevertheless not all pairs exposed to 0.9 and 2.7 μg/L reproduced. Furthermore the numbers of juveniles produced by pairs exposed to 0.9 and 2.7 μg/L, but not 0.3 μg/L, were lower throughout the entire post-exposure period compared to the control groups, and the total numbers of juveniles produced during 56 days were significantly lower in organisms exposed to 0.9 and 2.7 μg/L, but not 0.3 μg/L, compared to the control groups. The long-term effects of short-term exposure on reproductive behavior of pairs could potentially have consequences for the population dynamics of H. azteca. However, since individual-level responses can both overestimate and underestimate effects at the population level, appropriate population models are needed to reduce the uncertainty in extrapolating between these levels of biological organization.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin MeSH:  | Amphipoda/majr/drug effects | Animals | Lethal Dose 50 | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Sexual Behavior, Animal/majr/drug effects | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity Other:Amphipod | Delayed toxicity | Permethrin | Pulse exposure | Pyrethroids |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.027\",\"10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.027\")","v":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.027"},"144-145","","59-65","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23823663\",\"23823663\")","v":"23823663"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Action of andiroba oil and permethrin on the central nervous and reproductive systems of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks females. A confocal study.",0,0,"Roma GC, Vendramini MC, Camargo-Mathias MI, Nunes PH, de Faria AU, Bechara GH","Research in veterinary science","Action of andiroba oil and permethrin on the central nervous and reproductive systems of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks females. A confocal study.    ABSTRACT:  Research for acaricides with lower toxicity and impact on the environment has been intensified. An alternative would be the use of natural compounds or of synthetic products in lower concentrations than the ones sold commercially. Thus, this study describes the action of andiroba seed oil on the nuclei of the ovary and synganglion cells of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and presents an analysis of the nuclear morphology of the nervous system cells of this tick species when exposed to permethrin. The results obtained showed that, although no changes have been observed in the genetic material of the ovary cells exposed to the andiroba oil, this compound, as well as permethrin, has neurotoxic action on the females of this species. The damages caused to the physiology of the synganglion, due to the loss of integrity of the genetic material, would result in the impairment of the metabolism of other systems of R. sanguineus ticks.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Plant Oils|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Central Nervous System/majr/drug effects | Female | Genitalia, Female/majr/drug effects | Meliaceae/majr/chemistry | Permethrin/majr/pharmacology | Plant Oils/majr/chemistry/pharmacology | Rhipicephalus sanguineus/majr/drug effects | Seeds/chemistry Other:Cell death | Natural product | Nuclear changes | Ovary | Synganglion | Synthetic product |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.009\",\"10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.009\")","v":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.009"},"95","2","529-36","jour","Permethrin","D010938:Plant Oils|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23807240\",\"23807240\")","v":"23807240"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Mood and memory deficits in a model of Gulf War illness are linked with reduced neurogenesis, partial neuron loss, and mild inflammation in the hippocampus.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3799073\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Parihar VK, Hattiangady B, Shuai B, Shetty AK","Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology","Mood and memory deficits in a model of Gulf War illness are linked with reduced neurogenesis, partial neuron loss, and mild inflammation in the hippocampus.    ABSTRACT:  Impairments in mood and cognitive function are the key brain abnormalities observed in Gulf war illness (GWI), a chronic multisymptom health problem afflicting ∼25% of veterans who served in the Persian Gulf War-1. Although the precise cause of GWI is still unknown, combined exposure to a nerve gas prophylaxis drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and pesticides DEET and permethrin during the war has been proposed as one of the foremost causes of GWI. We investigated the effect of 4 weeks of exposure to Gulf war illness-related (GWIR) chemicals in the absence or presence of mild stress on mood and cognitive function, dentate gyrus neurogenesis, and neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the hippocampus. Combined exposure to low doses of GWIR chemicals PB, DEET, and permethrin induced depressive- and anxiety-like behavior and spatial learning and memory dysfunction. Application of mild stress in the period of exposure to chemicals exacerbated the extent of mood and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, these behavioral impairments were associated with reduced hippocampal volume and multiple cellular alterations such as chronic reductions in neural stem cell activity and neurogenesis, partial loss of principal neurons, and mild inflammation comprising sporadic occurrence of activated microglia and significant hypertrophy of astrocytes. The results show the first evidence of an association between mood and cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal pathology epitomized by decreased neurogenesis, partial loss of principal neurons, and mild inflammation in a model of GWI. Hence, treatment strategies that are efficacious for enhancing neurogenesis and suppressing inflammation may be helpful for alleviation of mood and cognitive dysfunction observed in GWI.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Cholinesterase Inhibitors|Insect Repellents|Insecticides|DEET|Permethrin|Pyridostigmine Bromide MeSH:  | Animals | Anxiety/chemically induced | Cell Death | Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity | DEET/toxicity | Depression/chemically induced | Disease Models, Animal | Hippocampus/majr/drug effects/pathology | Inflammation/chemically induced | Insect Repellents/toxicity | Insecticides/toxicity | Memory Disorders/majr/chemically induced/pathology/physiopathology | Mood Disorders/majr/chemically induced/pathology/physiopathology | Neurogenesis/majr/drug effects | Neurons/pathology | Permethrin/toxicity | Persian Gulf Syndrome/majr/chemically induced/pathology/physiopathology | Pyridostigmine Bromide/toxicity | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Stress, Psychological/majr/pathology/physiopathology | Swimming/psychology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.158\",\"10.1038/npp.2013.158\")","v":"10.1038/npp.2013.158"},"38","12","2348-62","jour","Permethrin","D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors|D007302:Insect Repellents|D007306:Insecticides|D003671:DEET|D026023:Permethrin|D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23424028\",\"23424028\")","v":"23424028"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Bioavailability-based chronic toxicity measurements of permethrin to Chironomus dilutus.",0,0,"Du J, Pang J, You J","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Bioavailability-based chronic toxicity measurements of permethrin to Chironomus dilutus.    ABSTRACT:  Compared with acute toxicity, chronic exposures to low levels of contaminants are more environmentally relevant, but fewer data are available. In the present study, sediment toxicity of the pyrethoid permethrin to Chironomus dilutus was determined. The whole-life-cycle toxicity testing was conducted with the endpoints covering survival, growth, emergence, and reproduction. Permethrin caused 50% lethality in C. dilutus at 1.83 ± 1.13 µg/g organic carbon (OC) and 1.20 ± 0.55 µg/g OC after exposures of 20 d (before pupation) and 58 d (the end of the testing), respectively. The 5% and median effect concentrations (EC5 and EC50) represented the marginal and toxic levels of the sublethal effects, respectively, and effect data were all normalized to the controls before Probit analysis. The EC5s for growth, emergence, and reproduction were 0.034 ± 0.006 µg/g OC, 0.016 ± 0.008 µg/g OC, and 0.009 ± 0.008 µg/g OC, respectively; the respective EC50s were 1.09 ± 0.56 µg/g OC, 0.838 ± 0.077 µg/g OC, and 0.039 ± 0.105 µg/g OC. In addition, a 24-h Tenax extraction was employed to better assess permethrin bioavailability. Ultimately, response spectra with a series of endpoints were developed for permethrin using either OC-normalized bulk sediment concentrations or bioavailability-based Tenax extractable concentrations as the dose metric. The development of bioavailability-based chronic toxicity endpoints for sediment-associated permethrin would provide valuable benchmarks for evaluating ecological risk of this contaminant and contributing to improve sediment management policies.Copyright © 2013 SETAC.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Chironomidae/drug effects | Environmental Monitoring | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Toxicity Tests, Chronic/majr/methods | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2192\",\"10.1002/etc.2192\")","v":"10.1002/etc.2192"},"32","6","1403-11","jour","Permethrin","D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192589\",\"23192589\")","v":"23192589"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Assessing the chronic toxicity of atrazine, permethrin, and chlorothalonil to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia in laboratory and natural river water.",0,0,"Phyu YL, Palmer CG, Warne MS, Dowse R, Mueller S, Chapman J, Hose GC, Lim RP","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Assessing the chronic toxicity of atrazine, permethrin, and chlorothalonil to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia in laboratory and natural river water.    ABSTRACT:  The majority of ecotoxicological data are generated from standard laboratory-based experiments with organisms exposed in nonflowing systems using highly purified water, which contains very low amounts of dissolved organic matter and suspended particulates. However, such experimental conditions are not ecologically relevant. Thus, there is a need to develop more realistic approaches to determining toxicity, including both lethal and sublethal effects. This research provides information on the effect of natural water constituents, such as suspended particulates and dissolved organic matter, in river water (RW) on the chronic toxicity (7-day reproductive impairment) of the pesticides atrazine, chlorothalonil, and permethrin to the freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia. Standard bioassays were conducted under standard laboratory and more environmentally realistic conditions (using RW). The 7-day IC25 (reproduction impairment) values of atrazine, chlorothalonil, and permethrin to C. cf. dubia ranged from 862.4 to >1000, 51.3 to 66.4, and 0.19 to 0.23 μg/L, respectively. Using the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, atrazine is classified as moderately to highly toxic, whereas permethrin and chlorothalonil were both highly toxic. The presence of dissolved organic matter and suspended particles in natural RW did not significantly (p > 0.05) change the toxicity of any of the pesticides to C. cf. dubia compared with that tested in laboratory water (LW). For the tested pesticides, toxicity testing in LW provided an adequate estimate of the hazard posed.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Nitriles|Pesticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin|tetrachloroisophthalonitrile|Atrazine MeSH:  | Animals | Atrazine/toxicity | Australia | Cladocera/majr/drug effects | Environmental Monitoring | Nitriles/toxicity | Permethrin/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Research Design | Rivers/majr/chemistry | Toxicity Tests, Chronic/majr/methods | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-012-9837-5\",\"10.1007/s00244-012-9837-5\")","v":"10.1007/s00244-012-9837-5"},"64","3","419-26","jour","Permethrin","D009570:Nitriles|D010575:Pesticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile|D001280:Atrazine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092909\",\"23092909\")","v":"23092909"},0,0,0,0,2013,"In utero pesticide exposure and leukemia in Brazilian children < 2 years of age.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3569673\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Ferreira JD, Couto AC, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Koifman S","Environmental health perspectives","In utero pesticide exposure and leukemia in Brazilian children < 2 years of age.    ABSTRACT:  An association between pesticide exposure and cancer has been suggested. Infant leukemia is a rare neoplasm and its association with maternal pesticide exposure has been poorly explored.We investigated the association between pesticide exposure during pregnancy and leukemia in children < 2 years of age.A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in 13 Brazilian states during 1999-2007. Mothers of 252 cases and those of 423 controls were interviewed. Information on pesticide exposures 3 months before pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, and during breastfeeding was obtained. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations between pesticide exposures and leukemia.Associations with ever use of pesticides during pregnancy were observed for acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.86) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (aOR = 5.01; 95% CI: 1.97, 12.7) in children 0-11 months of age, and with ALL (aOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.05, 5.23) at 12-23 months of age. According to reported maternal exposure to permethrin, higher risk estimates were verified for children 0-11 months of age (aOR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.17, 5.25 for ALL; and aOR = 7.28; 95% CI: 2.60, 20.38 for AML). Maternal pesticide exposure related to agricultural activities showed an aOR of 5.25 (95% CI: 1.83, 15.08) for ALL, and an aOR of 7.56 (95% CI: 1.83, 31.23) for AML.These results support the hypothesis that pesticide exposure during pregnancy may be involved in the etiology of acute leukemia in children < 2 years of age.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides MeSH:  | Case-Control Studies | Child, Preschool | Female | Humans | Leukemia/majr/chemically induced | Male | Maternal Exposure/majr | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103942\",\"10.1289/ehp.1103942\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.1103942"},"121","2","269-75","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23031310\",\"23031310\")","v":"23031310"},0,0,0,0,2013,"Pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate have different effects on in vitro maturation of pig oocytes at different stages of growth.",0,0,"Petr J, Chmelíková E, Zalmanová T, Tůmová L, Kheilová K, Kučerová-Chrpová V, Jílek F","Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience","Pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate have different effects on in vitro maturation of pig oocytes at different stages of growth.    ABSTRACT:  Pesticides can significantly harm reproduction in animals and people. Pyrethroids are often used as insecticides, and their toxicity for mammals is considered to be low. However, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate - as potent specific inhibitors of protein phosphatase calcineurin - can influence the meiosis of mammalian oocytes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of these pyrethroids on the in vitro maturation of pig oocytes at different levels of meiotic competence. Under the tested concentrations, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate neither had a significant effect on the viability of oocytes nor did they induce significant degeneration of oocytes. However, these pyrethroids significantly affected meiotic maturation. The effects depended on the stage of meiotic competence of the oocytes. Maturation of growing pig oocytes with partial meiotic competence was induced. On the other hand, in fully grown pig oocytes with full meiotic competence, maturation in vitro was delayed. The specificity of these effects was further supported by the same effect of non-pyrethroidal inhibitors of calcineurin - cyclosporin A or hymenistatin I - on the maturation of oocytes with different levels of meiotic competence. However, pyrethroids, which do not inhibit calcineurin - allethrin or permethrin - had no effect on pig oocyte maturation. We demonstrated a significant effect of pyrethroids on the maturation of mammalian oocytes under in vitro conditions. This indicates that exposure to these substances could affect the fertility of people or animals.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Calcineurin Inhibitors|Immunosuppressive Agents|Insecticides|Peptides, Cyclic|Pyrethrins|hymenistatin I|Cyclosporine|Calcineurin|Trypan Blue MeSH:  | Animals | Calcineurin/metabolism | Calcineurin Inhibitors/majr | Cyclosporine/pharmacology | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Immunosuppressive Agents/majr/pharmacology | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology | Meiosis/majr/drug effects | Microscopy, Phase-Contrast/veterinary | Oocytes/majr/drug effects/growth & development/physiology | Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology | Pyrethrins/majr/pharmacology | Sus scrofa/majr/metabolism | Trypan Blue/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112001140\",\"10.1017/S1751731112001140\")","v":"10.1017/S1751731112001140"},"7","1","134-42","jour","Permethrin","D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors|D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents|D007306:Insecticides|D010456:Peptides, Cyclic|D011722:Pyrethrins|C101065:hymenistatin I|D016572:Cyclosporine|D019703:Calcineurin|D014343:Trypan Blue|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22975477\",\"22975477\")","v":"22975477"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Pesticide and insect repellent mixture (permethrin and DEET) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and sperm epimutations.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3513590\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Manikkam M, Tracey R, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Pesticide and insect repellent mixture (permethrin and DEET) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and sperm epimutations.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental compounds are known to promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease. The current study was designed to determine if a \"pesticide mixture\" (pesticide permethrin and insect repellent N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, DEET) promotes epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and associated DNA methylation epimutations in sperm. Gestating F0 generation female rats were exposed during fetal gonadal sex determination and the incidence of disease evaluated in F1 and F3 generations. There were significant increases in the incidence of total diseases in animals from pesticide lineage F1 and F3 generation animals. Pubertal abnormalities, testis disease, and ovarian disease (primordial follicle loss and polycystic ovarian disease) were increased in F3 generation animals. Analysis of the pesticide lineage F3 generation sperm epigenome identified 363 differential DNA methylation regions (DMR) termed epimutations. Observations demonstrate that a pesticide mixture (permethrin and DEET) can promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease and potential sperm epigenetic biomarkers for ancestral environmental exposures.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insect Repellents|Pesticides|DEET|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | DEET/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | DNA Methylation | Epigenesis, Genetic/majr | Epigenomics | Female | Insect Repellents/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Kidney/drug effects/pathology | Male | Mutation | Ovary/drug effects/pathology | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/chemically induced | Prostate/drug effects/pathology | Puberty/drug effects | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Spermatozoa/drug effects/metabolism | Testis/drug effects/pathology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.010\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.010\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.010"},"34","4","708-19","jour","Permethrin","D007302:Insect Repellents|D010575:Pesticides|D003671:DEET|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22944209\",\"22944209\")","v":"22944209"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Evidence for diazinon-mediated inhibition of cis-permethrin metabolism and its effects on reproductive toxicity in adult male mice.",0,0,"Wang D, Kamijima M, Okamura A, Ito Y, Yanagiba Y, Jia XF, Naito H, Ueyama J, Nakajima T","Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","Evidence for diazinon-mediated inhibition of cis-permethrin metabolism and its effects on reproductive toxicity in adult male mice.    ABSTRACT:  The potential toxicity resulting from combinatorial effects of organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides are not completely known. We evaluated male reproductive toxicity in mice co-exposed to diazinon and cis-permethrin. Nine-week-old male Sv/129 mice were exposed to diazinon (10 μmol/kg/day) or cis-permethrin (90 μmol/kg/day) alone or in combination (100 μmol/kg/day), or vehicle (corn oil), for 6 weeks. Diazinon and the diazinon-permethrin mixture inhibited plasma and liver carboxylesterase activities. In the mixture group, urinary excretion of cis-permethrin metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid decreased along with increased plasma and testicular concentrations of cis-permethrin, while excretion of diazinon metabolites, diethylphosphate and diethylthiophosphate, did not change, versus mice exposed to each chemical alone, which suggested that inhibition of carboxylesterase decreased the metabolic capacity to cis-permethrin. Though the co-exposure decreased testosterone biosynthesis, increased degenerate germ cells in seminiferous tubule and sperm morphological abnormalities versus controls more clearly than exposure to cis-permethrin alone, the expected potentiation of toxicity was not evident.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Cholinesterase Inhibitors|Insecticides|Testosterone|Permethrin|Carboxylesterase|Acetylcholinesterase|Cholinesterases|Diazinon MeSH:  | Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism | Animals | Carboxylesterase/metabolism | Cholinesterase Inhibitors/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Cholinesterases/metabolism | Diazinon/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Drug Interactions | Epididymis/drug effects/pathology | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Liver/enzymology | Male | Mice | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Testis/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Testosterone/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.07.007\",\"10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.07.007\")","v":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.07.007"},"34","4","489-97","jour","Permethrin","D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors|D007306:Insecticides|D013739:Testosterone|D026023:Permethrin|D043182:Carboxylesterase|D000110:Acetylcholinesterase|D002802:Cholinesterases|D003976:Diazinon|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22796891\",\"22796891\")","v":"22796891"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Pyrethroids: a new threat to marine mammals?",0,0,"Alonso MB, Feo ML, Corcellas C, Vidal LG, Bertozzi CP, Marigo J, Secchi ER, Bassoi M, Azevedo AF, Dorneles PR, Torres JP, Lailson-Brito J, Malm O, Eljarrat E, Barceló D","Environment international","Pyrethroids: a new threat to marine mammals?    ABSTRACT:  The present study constitutes the first investigation to demonstrate pyrethroid bioaccumulation in marine mammals, despite the assumption that these insecticides are converted to non-toxic metabolites by hydrolysis in mammals. Twelve pyrethroids were determined in liver samples from 23 male franciscana dolphins from Brazil. The median concentration values for total pyrethroids were 7.04 and 68.4 ng/g lw in adults and calves, respectively. Permethrin was the predominant compound, contributing for 55% of the total pyrethroids. Results showed a distinct metabolic balance of pyrethroids through dolphin life. High loads are received at the beginning of their lives and, when they reach sexual maturity, these mammals seem to degrade/metabolize pyrethroids. Maternal transfer of these compounds was also evaluated through the analysis of breast milk and placenta samples. Pyrethroids were detected in both matrices, with values between 2.53-4.77 ng/g lw and 331-1812 ng/g lw, respectively. Therefore, for the first time, a study shows mother-to-calf transfer of pyrethroids by both gestational and lactation pathways in dolphins.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH:  | Animals | Brazil | Dolphins/metabolism | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Insecticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Male | Milk, Human/metabolism | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/metabolism/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.010\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.010\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.010"},"47","","99-106","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22749738\",\"22749738\")","v":"22749738"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Action of permethrin on Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females: morpho-physiological evaluation of salivary glands.",0,0,"Nodari EF, Roma GC, Furquim KC, Bechara GH, Camargo-Mathias MI","Ticks and tick-borne diseases","Action of permethrin on Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females: morpho-physiological evaluation of salivary glands.    ABSTRACT:  Currently the most effective method of tick control is the use of acaricides, among which stands out permethrin (active ingredient of acaricide Advantage(®) Max3, Bayer), a neurotoxic pyrethroid. However, assessments of their effects on other tick systems such as glandular are still scarce. Thus, this study provides information, through histochemical techniques, about the toxic effect of this pyrethroid on the morphophysiology of salivary glands of semi-engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus females exposed to different concentrations of permethrin (206, 1031, and 2062 ppm). The results showed that permethrin caused significant changes in the salivary gland metabolism accelerating the process of glandular degeneration, an event which would occur naturally and with great intensity only in the final engorgement stage. Furthermore, this study pointed out that permethrin reduces the salivary gland secretion ability through a drastic reduction of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides in acinar cells. These changes impair the females to finalize the feeding process, what indirectly affects the reproductive process.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Acaricides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Acaricides/majr/pharmacology | Animals | Female | Permethrin/majr/pharmacology | Rhipicephalus/majr/drug effects | Salivary Glands/majr/anatomy & histology/drug effects | Tick Control",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.03.008\",\"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.03.008\")","v":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.03.008"},"3","4","219-26","jour","Permethrin","D056810:Acaricides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22389676\",\"22389676\")","v":"22389676"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Transgenerational actions of environmental compounds on reproductive disease and identification of epigenetic biomarkers of ancestral exposures.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3289630\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Manikkam M, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Tracey R, Haque MM, Skinner MK","PloS one","Transgenerational actions of environmental compounds on reproductive disease and identification of epigenetic biomarkers of ancestral exposures.    ABSTRACT:  Environmental factors during fetal development can induce a permanent epigenetic change in the germ line (sperm) that then transmits epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease in the absence of any subsequent exposure. The epigenetic transgenerational actions of various environmental compounds and relevant mixtures were investigated with the use of a pesticide mixture (permethrin and insect repellant DEET), a plastic mixture (bisphenol A and phthalates), dioxin (TCDD) and a hydrocarbon mixture (jet fuel, JP8). After transient exposure of F0 gestating female rats during the period of embryonic gonadal sex determination, the subsequent F1-F3 generations were obtained in the absence of any environmental exposure. The effects on the F1, F2 and F3 generations pubertal onset and gonadal function were assessed. The plastics, dioxin and jet fuel were found to promote early-onset female puberty transgenerationally (F3 generation). Spermatogenic cell apoptosis was affected transgenerationally. Ovarian primordial follicle pool size was significantly decreased with all treatments transgenerationally. Differential DNA methylation of the F3 generation sperm promoter epigenome was examined. Differential DNA methylation regions (DMR) were identified in the sperm of all exposure lineage males and found to be consistent within a specific exposure lineage, but different between the exposures. Several genomic features of the DMR, such as low density CpG content, were identified. Exposure-specific epigenetic biomarkers were identified that may allow for the assessment of ancestral environmental exposures associated with adult onset disease.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzhydryl Compounds|Hydrocarbons|JP8 aviation fuel|Pesticides|Phenols|DEET|Permethrin|bisphenol A MeSH:  | Animals | Benzhydryl Compounds | DEET/toxicity | DNA Methylation/drug effects | Epigenesis, Genetic/majr/drug effects | Female | Hydrocarbons/toxicity | Male | Ovarian Follicle/drug effects | Permethrin/toxicity | Pesticides/toxicity | Phenols/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Sex Determination Processes/drug effects | Spermatozoa/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031901\",\"10.1371/journal.pone.0031901\")","v":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031901"},"7","2","e31901","jour","Permethrin","D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds|D006838:Hydrocarbons|C098607:JP8 aviation fuel|D010575:Pesticides|D010636:Phenols|D003671:DEET|D026023:Permethrin|C006780:bisphenol A|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363736\",\"22363736\")","v":"22363736"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Acaricide residues in laying hens naturally infested by red mite Dermanyssus gallinae.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3283649\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Marangi M, Morelli V, Pati S, Camarda A, Cafiero MA, Giangaspero A","PloS one","Acaricide residues in laying hens naturally infested by red mite Dermanyssus gallinae.    ABSTRACT:  In the poultry industry, control of the red mite D. gallinae primarily relies worldwide on acaricides registered for use in agriculture or for livestock, and those most widely used are carbamates, followed by amidines, pyrethroids and organophosphates. Due to the repeated use of acaricides--sometimes in high concentrations--to control infestation, red mites may become resistant, and acaricides may accumulate in chicken organs and tissues, and also in eggs. To highlight some situations of misuse/abuse of chemicals and of risk to human health, we investigated laying hens, destined to the slaughterhouse, for the presence of acaricide residues in their organs and tissues. We used 45 hens from which we collected a total of 225 samples from the following tissues and organs: skin, fat, liver, muscle, hearth, and kidney. In these samples we analyzed the residual contents of carbaryl and permethrin by LC-MS/MS.Ninety-one (40.4%) samples were positive to carbaryl and four samples (1.7%) were positive to permethrin. Concentrations of carbaryl exceeding the detection limit (0.005 ppm) were registered in the skin and fat of birds from two farms (p<0.01), although these concentrations remained below the maximum residue limit (MRLs) (0.05 ppm) (p<0.01). All organs/tissues of hens from a third farm were significantly more contaminated, with skin and muscle samples exceeding the MRL (0.05 ppm) (p<0.01) of carbaryl in force before its use was banned. Out of 45 chickens tested, 37 (82.2%) were found to be contaminated by carbaryl, and 4 (8.8%) by permethrin. The present study is the first report on the presence of pesticides banned by the EU (carbaryl) or not licensed for use (permethrin) in the organs and tissues of laying hens, which have been treated against red mites, and then slaughtered for human consumption at the end of their life cycle.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Acaricides|Pesticide Residues|Permethrin MeSH:  | Acaricides/majr/toxicity | Analysis of Variance | Animals | Chickens/majr/parasitology | Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid | Environmental Monitoring/majr | Humans | Limit of Detection | Mass Spectrometry | Mite Infestations/majr/veterinary | Mites/majr/drug effects | Organ Specificity/drug effects | Oviposition/majr/drug effects | Permethrin/analysis | Pesticide Residues/majr/analysis/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031795\",\"10.1371/journal.pone.0031795\")","v":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031795"},"7","2","e31795","jour","Permethrin","D056810:Acaricides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006263\",\"22006263\")","v":"22006263"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Acute toxicities of cadmium and permethrin on the pre-spawning and post-spawning phases of Hexaplex trunculus from Bizerta Lagoon, Tunisia.",0,0,"Mahmoud N, Dellali M, Aissa P, Mahmoudi E","Environmental monitoring and assessment","Acute toxicities of cadmium and permethrin on the pre-spawning and post-spawning phases of Hexaplex trunculus from Bizerta Lagoon, Tunisia.    ABSTRACT:  Marine gastropods, exposed to anthropogenic pollution, accumulate high chemical concentrations in their tissues, especially in the digestive glands. An evaluation of the impacts of cadmium (Cd) and permethrin (Perm), coupled with reproductive events (pre-spawning and post-spawning phase) throughout the year, was attempted by measuring catalase (CAT), a biomarker of defence, on Hexaplex trunculus experimentally exposed for 48 or 96 h. Specimens of gastropods were sampled from Bizerta Lagoon (Tunisia). The results show that CAT activity increased in gastropods exposed to the three cadmium concentrations (C1 Cd, 100 μg L(-1); C2 Cd, 200 μg L(-1); and C3 Cd, 300 μg L(-1)) and to the three permethrin doses (C1 Perm, 100 μg L(-1); C2 Perm, 150 μg L(-1); and C3 Perm, 200 μg L(-1)) tested. A decrease in CAT was noted in the digestive gland of the H. trunculus exposed to permethrin at the concentration of 200 μg L(-1) during the pre-spawning and post-spawning phases. H. trunculus in post-spawning was more sensitive to cadmium and permethrin than in the pre-spawning phase. The biochemical responses to pollutants (cadmium and permethrin) represented by CAT may act as a biomarker of exposure in this species.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Insecticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Cadmium|Permethrin|Catalase MeSH:  | Animals | Biomarkers/metabolism | Cadmium/majr/toxicity | Catalase/metabolism | Environmental Monitoring | Gastropoda | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects | Tunisia | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2385-z\",\"10.1007/s10661-011-2385-z\")","v":"10.1007/s10661-011-2385-z"},"184","10","5851-61","jour","Permethrin","D015415:Biomarkers|D007306:Insecticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D002104:Cadmium|D026023:Permethrin|D002374:Catalase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947501\",\"21947501\")","v":"21947501"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Hormetic responses of a stinkbug predator to sublethal doses of pyrethroid.",0,0,"Zanuncio JC, Jusselino-Filho P, Ribeiro RC, Zanuncio TV, Ramalho Fde S, Serrão JE","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Hormetic responses of a stinkbug predator to sublethal doses of pyrethroid.    ABSTRACT:  Stressors can affect reproduction and longevity by impacting endocrine and immune systems but they may increase life span and stimulate reproduction. The effects of sublethal doses of permethrin topically applied on third instar nymphs of Podisus distinctus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was evaluated. The weight of females survival of nymph and adults, number of eggs and nymphs/females of P. distinctus were higher when exposed to lower doses of permethrin. On the other hand, the exposition to the 0.131, 1.315 and 13.15 ppb showed positive effects on the oviposition periods, number of egg masses and longevity of P. distinctus females.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug/majr | Environmental Exposure | Female | Heteroptera/majr/drug effects | Hormesis/majr | Insect Control | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Longevity/drug effects | Nymph/drug effects | Oviposition/drug effects | Ovum/drug effects | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Regression Analysis | Stress, Physiological | Toxicity Tests, Subacute/methods",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0405-x\",\"10.1007/s00128-011-0405-x\")","v":"10.1007/s00128-011-0405-x"},"87","6","608-14","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21925699\",\"21925699\")","v":"21925699"},0,0,0,0,2011,"A comparison of mixture toxicity assessment: examining the chronic toxicity of atrazine, permethrin and chlorothalonil in mixtures to Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia.",0,0,"Phyu YL, Palmer CG, Warne MS, Hose GC, Chapman JC, Lim RP","Chemosphere","A comparison of mixture toxicity assessment: examining the chronic toxicity of atrazine, permethrin and chlorothalonil in mixtures to Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia.    ABSTRACT:  Pesticides predominantly occur in aquatic ecosystems as mixtures of varying complexity, yet relatively few studies have examined the toxicity of pesticide mixtures. Atrazine, chlorothalonil and permethrin are widely used pesticides that have different modes of action. This study examined the chronic toxicities (7-d reproductive impairment) of these pesticides in binary and ternary mixtures to the freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia. The toxicity of the mixtures was compared to that predicted by the independent action (IA) model for mixtures, as this is the most appropriate model for chemicals with different modes of action. Following this they were compared to the toxicity predicted by the concentration addition (CA) model for mixtures. According to the IA model, the toxicity of the chlorothalonil plus atrazine mixture conformed to antagonism, while that of chlorothalonil and permethrin conformed to synergism. The toxicity of the atrazine and permethrin mixture as well as the ternary mixture conformed to IA implying there was either no interaction between the components of these mixtures and/or in the case of the ternary mixture the interactions cancelled each other out to result in IA. The synergistic and antagonistic mixtures deviated from IA by factors greater than 3 and less than 2.5, respectively. When the toxicity of the mixtures was compared to the predictions of the CA model, the binary mixture of chlorothalonil plus atrazine, permethrin plus atrazine and the ternary mixture all conformed to antagonism, while the binary mixture of chlorothalonil plus permethrin conformed to CA. Using the CA model provided estimates of mixture toxicity that did not markedly underestimate the measured toxicity, unlike the IA model, and therefore the CA model is the most suitable to use in ecological risk assessments of these pesticides.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Nitriles|Pesticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin|tetrachloroisophthalonitrile|Atrazine MeSH:  | Animals | Atrazine/toxicity | Cladocera/majr/drug effects | Drug Synergism | Nitriles/toxicity | Permethrin/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Toxicity Tests | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.061\",\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.061\")","v":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.061"},"85","10","1568-73","jour","Permethrin","D009570:Nitriles|D010575:Pesticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile|D001280:Atrazine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21771518\",\"21771518\")","v":"21771518"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Permethrin-induced ultrastructural changes in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females.",0,0,"Roma GC, Bechara GH, Camargo Mathias MI","Ticks and tick-borne diseases","Permethrin-induced ultrastructural changes in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females.    ABSTRACT:  Currently, the most effective method for tick control is by the use of chemical acaricides such as permethrin (active ingredient of the Advantage(®) Max3 acaricide, Bayer), a pyrethroid with neurotoxic action. However, data about its effect on other tick systems, such as glandular and reproductive, are still scarce. This study provides ultrastructural details of the toxic effects induced in oocytes of semi-engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus females exposed to 206, 1031, and 2062 ppm of permethrin. The results showed that permethrin is an effective acaricide by inhibiting and/or neutralizing the tick reproductive process since oocytes of treated ticks presented major structural changes such as cytoplasm vacuolation, disruption of both membranes and cell organelles, leading to cell death. Data also showed that even in low concentrations permethrin induced changes in germ cells, making them non-viable. The defense mechanisms used by oocytes against the action of permethrin in the attempt of recovering the cellular integrity and of ensuring the viability of these cells were also described in this study.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Microscopy, Electron, Transmission | Oocytes/majr/drug effects/ultrastructure | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Rhipicephalus sanguineus/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.05.004\",\"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.05.004\")","v":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.05.004"},"1","3","113-23","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745691\",\"21745691\")","v":"21745691"},0,0,0,0,2012,"Permethrin exposure during puberty has the potential to enantioselectively induce reproductive toxicity in mice.",0,0,"Jin Y, Liu J, Wang L, Chen R, Zhou C, Yang Y, Liu W, Fu Z","Environment international","Permethrin exposure during puberty has the potential to enantioselectively induce reproductive toxicity in mice.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin (PM), as a chiral pesticide, has two asymmetric centers, resulting in two pairs of enantiomers. In China, the commercial formulation of PM contains four enantiomers. The enantiomer-specific activity for endocrine disruption in mice remains unclear. In the present study, the four individual PM enantiomers were separated by preparative HPLC. Then, three week-old male ICR mice (after maternal ablactation) were orally administered (+)-cis, (-)-cis, (+)-trans, and (-)-trans-PM separately daily for 3 weeks at doses of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. The results showed that 100 mg/kg of (+)-cis, (-)-cis and (-)-trans-PM treatments resulted in serious testicular histopathological damage, decreases in testis weight and serum testosterone (T) concentrations. Moreover, the transcription status of some key genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and transport as well as T synthesis in the testes were also influenced selectively by PM enantiomers, especially by the (+)-cis-PM. Additionally, peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) mRNA levels decreased significantly in the (+)-cis-PM group regardless of the administrated doses, while steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) levels were significantly down-regulated by (+)-cis and (-)-trans-PM. Moreover, significant differences were mainly found in HMG-CoA reductase, PBR, StAR and 17β-HSD mRNA levels between different enantiomers. Combined with the effects on physiology, histopathology and the expression of genes related to T synthesis, (+)-cis-PM showed the greatest endocrine disruption activities, (-)-cis and (-)-trans-PM were moderate, while (+)-trans-PM exhibited the lowest. These results suggested significant PM enantioselectivity in the reproductive toxicity of mice during puberty exposure.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Phosphoproteins|RNA, Messenger|steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|Testosterone|Permethrin|17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases|3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase MeSH:  | 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics/metabolism | Animals | China | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Female | Male | Mice | Permethrin/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Phosphoproteins/metabolism | RNA, Messenger/metabolism | Reproduction/majr/drug effects | Spermatogenesis/drug effects | Stereoisomerism | Testis/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism/pathology | Testosterone/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.020\",\"10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.020\")","v":"10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.020"},"42","","144-51","jour","Permethrin","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D010750:Phosphoproteins|D012333:RNA, Messenger|C090395:steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|D013739:Testosterone|D026023:Permethrin|D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases|C044256:3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300677\",\"21300677\")","v":"21300677"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Impact of prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide and permethrin on 36-month neurodevelopment.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC3065142\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Horton MK, Rundle A, Camann DE, Boyd Barr D, Rauh VA, Whyatt RM","Pediatrics","Impact of prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide and permethrin on 36-month neurodevelopment.    ABSTRACT:  Recent pesticide-monitoring results suggest that a shift in residential pesticide exposure from organophosphorus insecticides to pyrethroid insecticides has occurred. Pyrethroid insecticides are potential neurodevelopmental toxicants and have not been evaluated for developmental toxicity. Our objective was to explore the association between prenatal exposure to permethrin (a common pyrethroid) and piperonyl butoxide (a pyrethroid synergist) and 36-month neurodevelopment.Participants is this study were part of a prospective cohort of black and Dominican mothers and newborns living in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. We examined 36-month cognitive and motor development (using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition) as a function of permethrin levels measured in maternal and umbilical cord plasma collected on delivery and permethrin and piperonyl butoxide levels measured in personal air collected during pregnancy. All models were controlled for gender, gestational age, ethnicity, maternal education, maternal intelligence, quality of the home environment, and prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and chlorpyrifos.Prenatal exposure to permethrin in personal air and/or plasma was not associated with performance scores for the Bayley Mental Developmental Index or the Psychomotor Developmental Index. After data adjustment, children more highly exposed to piperonyl butoxide in personal air samples (>4.34 ng/m(3)) scored 3.9 points lower on the Mental Developmental Index than those with lower exposures (95% confidence interval: -0.25 to -7.49).Prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide was negatively associated with 36-month neurodevelopment.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticide Synergists|Piperonyl Butoxide MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Child Development/majr/drug effects | Cognition/majr/drug effects | Developmental Disabilities/majr/chemically induced/physiopathology | Female | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Motor Activity/majr/drug effects | Nervous System/majr/drug effects/growth & development | Pesticide Synergists/adverse effects | Piperonyl Butoxide/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Prospective Studies | Young Adult",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0133\",\"10.1542/peds.2010-0133\")","v":"10.1542/peds.2010-0133"},"127","3","e699-706","jour","Permethrin","D010574:Pesticide Synergists|D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079901\",\"21079901\")","v":"21079901"},0,0,0,0,2010,"[Skin infections in pregnancy].",1,0,"Müllegger RR, Glatz M","Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete","[Skin infections in pregnancy].    ABSTRACT:  The article outlines examples of a viral (varicella-zoster virus, VZV), a bacterial (Lyme borreliosis) and a parasitic (scabies) infection in pregnancy with their risk for the mother and/or child as well as their management. VZV infections cause various clinical scenarios depending on the maternal immune status and the time of infection. Herpes zoster usually poses no risk to the pregnant woman and there is no need for antiviral therapy. VZV infection of a seronegative mother, however, may lead to severe varicella in the pregnant woman and to congenital malformations (congenital varicella syndrome) in case of early infection or neonatal varicella in case of perinatal infection. Prompt therapy with acyclovir or administration of VZV immunoglobulin for prophylaxis is mandatory in those patients. In case of Lyme borreliosis of the mother, adequate antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin prevents harm to the fetus. Doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy. Scabies represents an important differential diagnosis of pruritic dermatoses in pregnancy and should be treated with permethrin 5% cream.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Anti-Infective Agents MeSH:  | Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use | Chickenpox/congenital/diagnosis/drug therapy | Diagnosis, Differential | Female | Herpes Zoster/diagnosis/drug therapy | Humans | Infant, Newborn | Lyme Disease/diagnosis/drug therapy | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/majr/diagnosis/drug therapy | Scabies/diagnosis/drug therapy | Skin Diseases, Infectious/majr/diagnosis/drug therapy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-2066-9\",\"10.1007/s00105-010-2066-9\")","v":"10.1007/s00105-010-2066-9"},"61","12","1034-9","jour","Permethrin","D000890:Anti-Infective Agents|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20960224\",\"20960224\")","v":"20960224"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Cytotoxic effects of permethrin in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) fully engorged females: I. Direct or indirect action of the acaricide in germ cells?",0,0,"Roma GC, Furquim KC, Bechara GH, Camargo Mathias MI","Experimental & applied acarology","Cytotoxic effects of permethrin in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) fully engorged females: I. Direct or indirect action of the acaricide in germ cells?    ABSTRACT:  Given the wide use of synthetic chemicals to control ticks, this study evaluated the effects of the permethrin pyrethroid on oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus fully engorged females in order to examine whether this compound, in addition to the proven neurotoxic effect, also acts directly on germ cells. The results revealed that permethrin effectively inhibits and/or interrupts the reproductive process of R. sanguineus. Exposed oocytes exhibited prominent structural changes such as altered shape of cells and germ vesicle (oocyte nucleus), cytoplasmic vacuolation, and decrease of yolk granules. The composition of the latter, however, was not altered. These findings confirm those already reported by Roma et al. (Food Chem Toxicol 48:825-830, 2010) demonstrating that permethrin acts on germ cells of R. sanguineus via direct absorption from the hemolymph by pedicel cells, or by the oocyte plasmic membrane. On the other hand, these results contradict studies reporting that acaricides act exclusively on the nervous systems of ticks and that all the changes in other organs are a result from the indirect action of these chemical compounds, because blocking of the nervous system would compromise the normal metabolism of other organs (dependent on sensory information).  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Acaricides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Acaricides/analysis/toxicity | Animals | Cytoplasm/drug effects/ultrastructure | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Germ Cells/cytology/drug effects/growth & development | Oocytes/cytology/drug effects/growth & development | Permethrin/majr/analysis/toxicity | Rhipicephalus sanguineus/majr/growth & development/physiology | Vacuoles/drug effects/ultrastructure",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9401-9\",\"10.1007/s10493-010-9401-9\")","v":"10.1007/s10493-010-9401-9"},"53","3","287-99","jour","Permethrin","D056810:Acaricides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20563933\",\"20563933\")","v":"20563933"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Decreased sperm motility in rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides.",0,0,"Perobelli JE, Martinez MF, da Silva Franchi CA, Fernandez CD, de Camargo JL, Kempinas Wde G","Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A","Decreased sperm motility in rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides.    ABSTRACT:  The Brazilian Agency of Sanitary Vigilance (ANVISA) conducted a study that demonstrated the presence of residues of several pesticides in fresh fruits and vegetables that were available for purchase by the general populace. In order to evaluate potential adverse health effects of low-level exposure to agrochemicals, the reproductive toxicity of the pesticides dicofol, dichlorvos, permethrin, endosulfan, and dieldrin was evaluated in rats dosed with these chemicals individually or as mixtures. Sixty male Lewis rats (6 wk old, 200 x g) were randomly allocated to 8 groups: (1) control group, received basal diet; (2) 5 groups designated a to e received the diet containing each pesticide individually, at the respective effective doses: lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for dieldrin and endosulfan, lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) for dicofol, and lowest effect level (LEL) for dichlorvos and permethrin, respectively, depending on the published data; (3) effective dose group, which received a mixture of pesticides added to basal diet at the respective doses reported to produce adverse effects; and (4) low dose group, which received a pesticide mixture added to the basal diet, where each pesticide was at its no-observed-effect level (NOEL). After 8 wk of treatment, reproductive parameters were evaluated. Sperm morphology, daily sperm production (DSP), sperm transit time through the epididymis, hormonal levels, and histopathological evaluation of testis and epididymis did not differ significantly among the groups. However, sperm motility was significantly decreased in animals that received a mixture of dieldrin, endosulfan, dicofol, dichlorvos, and permethrin, as well as in the group receiving dicofol alone. Exposure to the individual pesticides endosulfan, dichlorvos, and permethrin did not markedly affect sperm motility. The impairment of sperm motility in the mixture of pesticides at the NOEL level indicates that reproductive effects not seen with individual pesticides may occur in presence of several pesticides due to an additive effect. However, the pesticide mixtures did not appear to affect DSP or spermatogenesis despite reduced sperm motility.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin|Dichlorvos|Endosulfan|Dicofol MeSH:  | Animals | Dichlorvos/toxicity | Dicofol/toxicity | Endosulfan/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Male | No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level | Permethrin/toxicity | Rats | Rats, Inbred Lew | Sperm Motility/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287391003751802\",\"10.1080/15287391003751802\")","v":"10.1080/15287391003751802"},"73","13-14","991-1002","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|D004006:Dichlorvos|D004726:Endosulfan|D004010:Dicofol|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20410157\",\"20410157\")","v":"20410157"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Assessing hormone receptor activities of pyrethroid insecticides and their metabolites in reporter gene assays.",0,0,"Du G, Shen O, Sun H, Fei J, Lu C, Song L, Xia Y, Wang S, Wang X","Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","Assessing hormone receptor activities of pyrethroid insecticides and their metabolites in reporter gene assays.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroid insecticides, the most commonly used insecticides worldwide, are suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals. But their interactions with hormone receptors are still unclear. The present study intended to evaluate and compare the hormone receptor (estrogen receptor [ER], androgen receptor [AR], and thyroid hormone receptor [TR]) activities of nine pyrethroids (cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, fenvalerate, permethrin, and tetramethrin) and their metabolites (3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropne carboxylic acid [DCCA] and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3-PBA]) using receptor-mediated luciferase reporter gene assays. Of the 11 compounds tested, four showed very weak ER agonistic activities and six displayed antiestrogenic effects, among which cyhalothrin and DCCA possessed the most potent estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity respectively. Antagonistic effects to AR were found in 7 compounds, with cyfluthrin and deltamethrin exhibiting stronger AR antagonistic capacity. In the TR assay, all of tested chemicals except DCCA showed antagonistic effects. In this study, we provided evidence that a variety of pyrethroids and their metabolites might disrupt the function of multiple nuclear hormone receptors and thus have the potentials to affect the endocrine and the reproductive systems in humans.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Endocrine Disruptors|Hormones|Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Receptors, Cell Surface MeSH:  | Animals | Cell Line | Endocrine Disruptors/majr/toxicity | Genes, Reporter/majr | Hormones/majr/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Receptors, Cell Surface/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Xenopus laevis",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfq120\",\"10.1093/toxsci/kfq120\")","v":"10.1093/toxsci/kfq120"},"116","1","58-66","jour","Permethrin","D052244:Endocrine Disruptors|D006728:Hormones|D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20381324\",\"20381324\")","v":"20381324"},0,0,0,0,2011,"Effects of dermal sub-chronic exposure of pubescent male rats to permethrin (PRMT) on the histological structures of genital tract, testosterone and lipoperoxidation.",0,0,"Issam C, Zohra H, Monia Z, Hassen BC","Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie","Effects of dermal sub-chronic exposure of pubescent male rats to permethrin (PRMT) on the histological structures of genital tract, testosterone and lipoperoxidation.    ABSTRACT:  Short-term effects of pyrethroids on human health are better and well identified, whereas long-term risk's estimation remains difficult, especially those affecting the reproductive function. The present study, carried out in male rats, is a contribution to explore some effects underlying permethrin (PRMT) toxicity. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of different subcutaneous treatments with PRMT low doses on testes and epididymides histopathology, testosterone and oxidative stress in pubescent male rats. Groups of six animals were treated with a dermal daily dose of 0.013, 0.13, or 1.3 mg/kg b.w/day of PRMT in 70% ethanol for 30, 45, and 60 days, respectively. Macroscopic studies showed an influence of PRMT on the testes, the epididymides and body weight. The pyrethroid induces a testis disturbance traduced by a deregulation of spermatogenesis and an epididymis dysfunction by the appearance of strong deformations into the microstructure of the epididymides. A hormonal disruption was evidenced by the measurement of the plasma testosterone concentrations. The findings of the present investigation mentioned a significant increase (p≤0.05) in lipoperoxidation, after 45 or 60 days, when we measured the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. In conclusion the study shows that subcutaneous PRMT treatment causes an arrest of spermatogenesis, and a significant disharmony in testosterone concentration and MDA levels. These effects are related to dose, length of treatment and to the lipid peroxidation, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in PRMT-induced gonads and epididymides toxicity.Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier GmbH.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Testosterone|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Body Weight/drug effects | Genitalia, Male/majr/drug effects/pathology | Immunoassay | Injections, Subcutaneous | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Lipid Peroxidation/majr/drug effects | Male | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Rats | Spermatogenesis/drug effects | Testosterone/majr/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.02.016\",\"10.1016/j.etp.2010.02.016\")","v":"10.1016/j.etp.2010.02.016"},"63","4","393-400","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D013739:Testosterone|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20205231\",\"20205231\")","v":"20205231"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Contact toxicity of insecticides for attract-and-kill applications against adult Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).",0,0,"Campos M, Phillips TW","Pest management science","Contact toxicity of insecticides for attract-and-kill applications against adult Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).    ABSTRACT:  The Indian meal moth (IMM), Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), is an important pest of stored food products. Contact toxicities of 13 insecticides applied to different surfaces were evaluated at registered label and a higher dose for killing adult males. The ultimate objective was to develop attract-and-kill technologies for P. interpunctella. Two-day-old adult males were exposed to treated surfaces for 2.0 s and then paired with virgin females for mating and oviposition over a 24 h period.Permethrins and pyrethrins (organic pyrethrin and pyrethrin plus a synergist) caused over 70% mortality to males. Oviposition was impacted by these insecticides, while egg hatch was not. A second experiment tested the 8 week residual toxicity of cyfluthrin, permethrin and pyrethrin at label and at a higher dose of 20 g AI L(-1) on five surfaces: plastic-coated paper, metal, painted plastic, unpainted plastic and wood. Permethrin at 20 g AI L(-1) suppressed males at over 80% for up to 8 weeks and retained activity on surfaces made with plastic-coated paper, metal or plastic. Oviposition was variable among treatments. Egg hatch was generally unaffected by treatment.Effective attract-and-kill surfaces can be developed for killing IMM males and thereby potentially lead to reduced reproduction and, ultimately, population suppression.Copyright (c) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides MeSH:  | Animals | Female | Insect Control/majr/methods | Insecticides/majr/pharmacology | Larva/drug effects | Lepidoptera/majr/drug effects/physiology | Male | Oviposition/drug effects | Time",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.1938\",\"10.1002/ps.1938\")","v":"10.1002/ps.1938"},"66","7","752-61","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20035820\",\"20035820\")","v":"20035820"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Permethrin-induced morphological changes in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females.",0,0,"Roma GC, Furquim KC, Bechara GH, Camargo-Mathias MI","Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association","Permethrin-induced morphological changes in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged females.    ABSTRACT:  The permethrin, active ingredient of the Advantage(R) Max3--Bayer, has been widely used in the chemical control of ticks. These ectoparasites are one of the most important animal groups that cause serious damage to their hosts. This study evaluated the toxic effects of permethrin in oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus semi-engorged females subjected to four treatments: group I (control--distilled water), group II (206 ppm of permethrin), group III (1031 ppm of permethrin) and group IV (2062 ppm of permethrin). Results demonstrated that permethrin is a potent chemical agent causing major structural changes in oocytes, such as emergence of large vacuolated cytoplasm regions, reducing the amount of yolk granules and decreasing the size of oocytes, culminating with cell death. As reported in the literature, these oocytes changes, besides affect the tick nervous system, also drastically reduce or prevent the reproduction process in females of R. sanguineus ticks subjected to this compound.Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Cytoplasm/drug effects/ultrastructure | Female | Insecticides/majr/analysis/toxicity | Oocytes/majr/drug effects/growth & development/ultrastructure | Permethrin/majr/analysis/toxicity | Rhipicephalus sanguineus/majr/physiology | Tissue Fixation | Vacuoles/drug effects/ultrastructure",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.016\",\"10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.016\")","v":"10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.016"},"48","3","825-30","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19896529\",\"19896529\")","v":"19896529"},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(B$3),0,(LEN($L452) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L452),LOWER(B$3),\"\")))/LEN(B$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(C$3),0,(LEN($L452) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L452),LOWER(C$3),\"\")))/LEN(C$3))","v":0},{"$f":"IF(ISBLANK(D$3),0,(LEN($L452) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($L452),LOWER(D$3),\"\")))/LEN(D$3))","v":0},{"$f":"SUM(B452:D452)","v":0},2010,"Effects of permethrin, cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid on rat sperm motility in vitro evaluated with computer-assisted sperm analysis.",0,0,"Yuan C, Wang C, Gao SQ, Kong TT, Chen L, Li XF, Song L, Wang YB","Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA","Effects of permethrin, cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid on rat sperm motility in vitro evaluated with computer-assisted sperm analysis.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroid pesticides, produced and used worldwide, have been reported to impair male reproductive function by reducing sperm count and sperm motility. They are divided into two types: type I pyrethroids including permethrin, etc. and type II pyrethroids including cypermethrin, fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, etc. Our previous study showed that fenvalerate and cypermethrin could reduce sperm motility in vitro. However, it is not clear whether permethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA, the major metabolite of pyrethroids) affect sperm motility directly or indirectly by affecting spermatogenesis via interaction with androgens and/or their receptors. In this study, rat sperm suspensions were treated respectively with permethrin, cypermethrin and 3-PBA, at various concentrations (0, 1, 4, 16, or 64mmol/L) for various times (1, 2, or 4h). The motility parameters of sperm were analyzed with a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The differential effects of permethrin and cypermethrin on sperm motility patterns in vitro were also compared. Our study revealed that permethrin and cypermethrin could reduce sperm motility in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Marked differences between the two pyrethroids were not found in this study. Moreover, 3-PBA did not reduce sperm motility directly at all concentrations and treatment periods. These results provide further evidence that permethrin and cypermethrin can directly affect mature rat sperm motility.Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzoates|Insecticides|Pyrethrins|cypermethrin|Permethrin|3-phenoxybenzoic acid MeSH:  | Animals | Benzoates/majr/toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Insecticides/toxicity | Male | Molecular Structure | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Sperm Motility/majr/drug effects | Spermatozoa/majr/drug effects | Time Factors",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2009.11.001\",\"10.1016/j.tiv.2009.11.001\")","v":"10.1016/j.tiv.2009.11.001"},"24","2","382-6","jour","Permethrin","D001565:Benzoates|D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|C017160:cypermethrin|D026023:Permethrin|C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19886436\",\"19886436\")","v":"19886436"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Comparative toxicity of pesticides to stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini).",0,0,"Valdovinos-Núñez GR, Quezada-Euán JJ, Ancona-Xiu P, Moo-Valle H, Carmona A, Ruiz Sanchez E","Journal of economic entomology","Comparative toxicity of pesticides to stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini).    ABSTRACT:  Stingless bees are potential pollinators of commercial tropical crops and their use may increase in the short term. However, studies comparing the toxicity of pesticides to different individuals and species are lacking, making it difficult to evaluate their short- and long-term effects on colonies and populations of these insects. In this work, we tested the lethality of compounds from the main pesticide groups on stingless bees of the species Melipona beecheii Bennett, Trigona nigra Provancher, and Nannotrigona perilampoides Cresson. The LDo (in micrograms per bee) for each pesticide was calculated for callow workers and foragers of the three species as well as for gynes and drones of M. beecheii. The results showed that all species were highly susceptible to the evaluated compounds. Nicotinoid pesticides were the most toxic, followed in descending order by permethrin, diazinon, and methomyl. We found evidence of a relationship between the body weight of the species and their LD50 for permethrin and methomyl (r = 0.91 and 0.90, respectively) but not for diazinon (r = -0.089). An analysis of contingency tables showed that within each species, callow workers had higher mortalities than foragers (P < 0.01). In M. beecheii at similar pesticide dose more males died compared with females [chi2((0.0),1) = 10.16]. However, gynes were less resistant than workers [chi2((0.01),1)) = 8.11]. The potential negative consequences of pesticides to native stingless bees are discussed considering the reproductive biology of these insects. It is important to take actions to prevent damage to these key species for the ecology and agriculture of Mexico and Latin America  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Imidazoles|Neonicotinoids|Nitro Compounds|Pesticides|Pyridines|Thiazines|Methomyl|imidacloprid|Permethrin|thiacloprid|Diazinon MeSH:  | Animals | Bees/majr/drug effects | Diazinon/toxicity | Female | Imidazoles/toxicity | Lethal Dose 50 | Male | Methomyl/toxicity | Neonicotinoids | Nitro Compounds/toxicity | Permethrin/toxicity | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pyridines/toxicity | Social Behavior | Thiazines/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0502\",\"10.1603/029.102.0502\")","v":"10.1603/029.102.0502"},"102","5","1737-42","jour","Permethrin","D007093:Imidazoles|D000073943:Neonicotinoids|D009574:Nitro Compounds|D010575:Pesticides|D011725:Pyridines|D013843:Thiazines|D008724:Methomyl|C082359:imidacloprid|D026023:Permethrin|C417209:thiacloprid|D003976:Diazinon|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854698\",\"19854698\")","v":"19854698"},0,0,0,0,2010,"Identifying pesticide use patterns among flower growers to assess occupational exposure to mixtures.",0,0,"Schilmann A, Lacasaña M, Blanco-Muñoz J, Aguilar-Garduño C, Salinas-Rodríguez A, Flores-Aldana M, Cebrián ME","Occupational and environmental medicine","Identifying pesticide use patterns among flower growers to assess occupational exposure to mixtures.    ABSTRACT:  Exposure assessment to a single pesticide does not capture the complexity of the occupational exposure. Recently, pesticide use patterns analysis has emerged as an alternative to study these exposures. The aim of this study is to identify the pesticide use pattern among flower growers in Mexico participating in the study on the endocrine and reproductive effects associated with pesticide exposure.A cross-sectional study was carried out to gather retrospective information on pesticide use applying a questionnaire to the person in charge of the participating flower growing farms. Information about seasonal frequency of pesticide use (rainy and dry) for the years 2004 and 2005 was obtained. Principal components analysis was performed.Complete information was obtained for 88 farms and 23 pesticides were included in the analysis. Six principal components were selected, which explained more than 70% of the data variability. The identified pesticide use patterns during both years were: 1. fungicides benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate and metalaxyl (both seasons), including triadimephon during the rainy season, chlorotalonyl and insecticide permethrin during the dry season; 2. insecticides oxamyl, biphenthrin and fungicide iprodione (both seasons), including insecticide methomyl during the dry season; 3. fungicide mancozeb and herbicide glyphosate (only during the rainy season); 4. insecticides metamidophos and parathion (both seasons); 5. insecticides omethoate and methomyl (only rainy season); and 6. insecticides abamectin and carbofuran (only dry season). Some pesticides do not show a clear pattern of seasonal use during the studied years.The principal component analysis is useful to summarise a large set of exposure variables into smaller groups of exposure patterns, identifying the mixtures of pesticides in the occupational environment that may have an interactive effect on a particular health effect.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides MeSH:  | Agricultural Workers' Diseases/majr/chemically induced/epidemiology | Agriculture/majr | Cross-Sectional Studies | Humans | Mexico/epidemiology | Occupational Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Principal Component Analysis",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.047175\",\"10.1136/oem.2009.047175\")","v":"10.1136/oem.2009.047175"},"67","5","323-9","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19425271\",\"19425271\")","v":"19425271"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Preventing mosquito-borne infections.",0,0,null,"Prescrire international","Preventing mosquito-borne infections.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insect Repellents|Insecticides|Piperidines|Plant Extracts|Pyrethrins|DEET|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Child | Culicidae/pathogenicity | DEET/majr/adverse effects/therapeutic use | Disease Transmission, Infectious/majr/prevention & control | Europe | Female | Humans | Infection Control/majr | Insect Repellents/majr/adverse effects/therapeutic use | Insect Vectors/majr/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/therapeutic use | Malaria/majr/prevention & control | Male | Permethrin/majr/adverse effects/therapeutic use | Pest Control/majr/methods | Piperidines/majr/adverse effects/therapeutic use | Plant Extracts/majr/adverse effects/therapeutic use | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/adverse effects/therapeutic use",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"17","98","250-3","jour","Permethrin","D007302:Insect Repellents|D007306:Insecticides|D010880:Piperidines|D010936:Plant Extracts|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003671:DEET|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19253633\",\"19253633\")","v":"19253633"},0,0,0,0,2009,"Stimulatory sublethal response of a generalist predator to permethrin: hormesis, hormoligosis, or homeostatic regulation?",0,0,"Guedes RN, Magalhães LC, Cosme LV","Journal of economic entomology","Stimulatory sublethal response of a generalist predator to permethrin: hormesis, hormoligosis, or homeostatic regulation?    ABSTRACT:  The assessment of pesticide effects in arthropods historically have relied heavily on acute lethal effects. Although the sublethal responses to such compounds are sometimes neglected, stimulatory effects associated with low doses of compounds toxic at higher doses, such as pesticides, have been widely reported in recent years and recognized as a general toxicological phenomenon. Evidence of such stimulatory response has also been reported among mites and a few insect pest-species exposed to pesticides and recognized as a one of the potential causes underlying pest resurgence and secondary pest outbreaks. However, fitness parameters and its implications were seldom considered in these studies and natural enemies are not usually target of attention. Here, we reported the stimulatory effect of sublethal doses (ranging from 0.02 to 172.00 ppb in addition to the control) of the pyrethroid permethrin topically applied to third instar nymphs of the spined soldier bug, Podisus distinctus (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). The parameters estimated from the fertility tables of insects exposed to the increasing doses of insecticide indicated a slight increase in the mean survival time for doses > or = 0.20 ppb and a peak in the net reproductive rate at 1.72 ppb. This trend is coincident and correlated with the intrinsic rate of population growth (n = 18, r = 0.78, P = 0.0001), which also shows a peak at 1.72 ppb, leading to higher reproductive values of insects exposed to this dose. The phenomenon is consistent with insecticide-induced hormesis, for which the potential implications are discussed.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Female | Fertility/drug effects | Heteroptera/majr/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage | Oviparity/majr/drug effects | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0124\",\"10.1603/029.102.0124\")","v":"10.1603/029.102.0124"},"102","1","170-6","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079720\",\"19079720\")","v":"19079720"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Changes in pest infestation levels, self-reported pesticide use, and permethrin exposure during pregnancy after the 2000-2001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency restriction of organophosphates.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC2599763\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Williams MK, Rundle A, Holmes D, Reyes M, Hoepner LA, Barr DB, Camann DE, Perera FP, Whyatt RM","Environmental health perspectives","Changes in pest infestation levels, self-reported pesticide use, and permethrin exposure during pregnancy after the 2000-2001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency restriction of organophosphates.    ABSTRACT:  Widespread residential pesticide use throughout the United States has resulted in ubiquitous, low-level pesticide exposure. The mix of active pesticide ingredients is changing in response to 2000-2001 regulations restricting use of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon.We aimed to determine the impact of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations on pest infestation levels, pesticide use, and pesticides measured in indoor air samples.511 pregnant women from inner-city New York were enrolled between 2000 and 2006. Permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide; piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a pyrethroid synergist; chlorpyrifos; and diazinon were measured in 48-hr prenatal personal air samples. Data on pest infestation and pesticide use were collected via questionnaire.Eighty-eight percent of women reported using pesticides during pregnancy; 55% reported using higher-exposure pesticide applications (spray cans, pest bombs and/or professional pesticide applicators). Self-reported pest sightings and use of higher-exposure applications increased significantly after the regulations were implemented (p < 0.001). PBO, cis-, and trans-permethrin were detected in 75, 19, and 18% of personal air samples, respectively. Detection frequencies of PBO and cis- and trans-permethrin increased significantly over time (p < 0.05 controlling for potential confounders). Levels and/or detection frequencies of these compounds were significantly higher among mothers reporting use of high exposure pesticide applications (p < or = 0.05). Chlorpyrifos and diazinon levels decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001).In this cohort, pest infestations, use of pesticides, and use of permethrin appear to increase after the residential restriction of organophosphorus insecticides. This is one of the first studies to document widespread residential exposure to PBO.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | Air Pollution, Indoor | Cohort Studies | Environmental Exposure | Female | Humans | New York City | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pest Control/majr | Pesticides/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Surveys and Questionnaires | United States | United States Environmental Protection Agency Other:indoor air | insecticides | pregnancy | residential |",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11367\",\"10.1289/ehp.11367\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.11367"},"116","12","1681-8","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18699702\",\"18699702\")","v":"18699702"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Effect of sediment-associated pyrethroids, fipronil, and metabolites on Chironomus tentans growth rate, body mass, condition index, immobilization, and survival.",0,0,"Maul JD, Brennan AA, Harwood AD, Lydy MJ","Environmental toxicology and chemistry","Effect of sediment-associated pyrethroids, fipronil, and metabolites on Chironomus tentans growth rate, body mass, condition index, immobilization, and survival.    ABSTRACT:  Pyrethroids and fipronil insecticides partition to sediment and organic matter in aquatic systems and may pose a risk to organisms that use these matrices. It has been suggested that bioavailability of sediment-sorbed pesticides is reduced, but data on toxicity of sediment-associated pesticides for pyrethroids and fipronil are limited. In the current study, 10-d sediment exposures were conducted with larval Chironomus tentans for bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, fipronil, fipronil-sulfide, and fipronil-sulfone, the last two being common fipronil metabolites. Sublethal endpoints included immobilization, instantaneous growth rate (IGR), body condition index, and growth estimated by ash-free dry mass (AFDM). Pyrethroid lethal concentrations to 50% of the population (LC50s) were 6.2, 2.8, and 24.5 microg/g of organic carbon (OC) for bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin, respectively; with the former two lower than previously published estimates. Fipronil, fipronil-sulfide, and fipronil-sulfone LC50 values were 0.13, 0.16, and 0.12 microg/g of OC, respectively. Ratios of LC50s to sublethal endpoints (immobilization, IGR, and AFDM) ranged from 0.90 to 9.03. The effects on growth observed in the present study are important because of the unique dipteran life cycle involving pupation and emergence events. Growth inhibition would likely lead to ecological impacts similar to mortality (no emergence and thus not reproductively viable) but at concentrations up to 4.3 times lower than the LC50 for some compounds. In addition, C. tentans was highly sensitive to fipronil and metabolites, suggesting that dipterans may be important for estimating risk and understanding effects of phenylpyrazole-class insecticides on benthic macroinvertebrate communities.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pyrazoles|Pyrethrins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|fipronil MeSH:  | Animals | Biological Assay | Body Weight/majr/drug effects | Chironomidae/majr/drug effects/growth & development/physiology | Chromatography, Gel | Geologic Sediments/majr/chemistry | Pyrazoles/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Pyrethrins/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Quality Control | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-185.1\",\"10.1897/08-185.1\")","v":"10.1897/08-185.1"},"27","12","2582-90","jour","Permethrin","D011720:Pyrazoles|D011722:Pyrethrins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|C082360:fipronil|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18455858\",\"18455858\")","v":"18455858"},0,0,0,0,2008,"Permethrin may induce adult male mouse reproductive toxicity due to cis isomer not trans isomer.",0,0,"Zhang SY, Ueyama J, Ito Y, Yanagiba Y, Okamura A, Kamijima M, Nakajima T","Toxicology","Permethrin may induce adult male mouse reproductive toxicity due to cis isomer not trans isomer.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin, the most popular insecticide among the synthetic pyrethroids, has been used worldwide to control a wide range of insects in agriculture, forestry, public health, and homes. Humans may have suffered potential exposure to this compound. The commercial formulation of permethrin contains trans and cis isomers. Here, at the same dosage, we made a comparison of the reproductive effects between these two isomers. Male adult ICR mice were orally administered trans- or cis-permethrin daily for 6 weeks at a dose of 0 or 70 mg/(kg day). In the cis-permethrin exposure group, the caudal epididymal sperm count and sperm motility were significantly reduced, and testosterone levels in testes and plasma also fell. Moreover, cis-permethrin induced abnormal seminiferous tubules in testes and suppressed testicular mRNA expression levels of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme. Although such adverse effects were not observed in the trans-permethrin exposure group, testicular and urinary metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid levels in trans-permethrin-exposed mice were about three- and sevenfold higher than those in cis-permethrin-exposed mice, respectively. Furthermore, in vitro, hepatic microsomal hydrolase activity for trans-permethrin was nearly 62-fold higher than that for cis-permethrin. Taken together, the difference in metabolic activity between cis- and trans-permethrin might contribute to the difference in the reproductive toxicity between both isomers.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Testosterone|Permethrin|Carboxylesterase MeSH:  | Animals | Carboxylesterase/metabolism | Epididymis/drug effects/pathology | Insecticides/majr/chemistry/toxicity | Isomerism | Male | Mice | Mice, Inbred ICR | Microsomes, Liver/drug effects/enzymology | Organ Size/drug effects | Permethrin/majr/chemistry/toxicity | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Spermatozoa/drug effects/pathology | Structure-Activity Relationship | Testis/majr/drug effects/metabolism/pathology | Testosterone/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.018\",\"10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.018\")","v":"10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.018"},"248","2-3","136-41","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D013739:Testosterone|D026023:Permethrin|D043182:Carboxylesterase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463061\",\"17463061\")","v":"17463061"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Permethrin may disrupt testosterone biosynthesis via mitochondrial membrane damage of Leydig cells in adult male mouse.",0,0,"Zhang SY, Ito Y, Yamanoshita O, Yanagiba Y, Kobayashi M, Taya K, Li C, Okamura A, Miyata M, Ueyama J, Lee CH, Kamijima M, Nakajima T","Endocrinology","Permethrin may disrupt testosterone biosynthesis via mitochondrial membrane damage of Leydig cells in adult male mouse.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin, a popular synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used to control noxious insects in agriculture, forestry, households, horticulture, and public health throughout the world, poses risks of environmental exposure. Here we evaluate the reproductive toxicity of cis-permethrin in adult male ICR mice that were orally administered cis-permethrin (0, 35, or 70 mg/kg d) for 6 wk. Caudal epididymal sperm count and sperm motility in the treated groups were statistically reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Testicular testosterone production and plasma testosterone concentration were significantly and dose-dependently decreased with an increase in LH, and a significant regression was observed between testosterone levels and cis-permethrin residues in individual mice testes after exposure. However, no significant changes were observed in body weight, reproductive organ absolute and relative weights, sperm morphology, and plasma FSH concentration after cis-permethrin treatment. Moreover, cis-permethrin exposure significantly diminished the testicular mitochondrial mRNA expression levels of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) and enzyme and protein expression levels of StAR and P450scc. At the electron microscopic level, mitochondrial membrane damage was found in Leydig cells of the exposed mouse testis. Our results suggest that the insecticide permethrin may cause mitochondrial membrane impairment in Leydig cells and disrupt testosterone biosynthesis by diminishing the delivery of cholesterol into the mitochondria and decreasing the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone in the cells, thus reducing subsequent testosterone production.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Bzrp protein, mouse|Insecticides|Phosphoproteins|Receptors, GABA|steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|Testosterone|Permethrin|Cholesterol|17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases|Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase|Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme|Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase MeSH:  | 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics/metabolism | Animals | Body Weight | Cholesterol/biosynthesis/metabolism | Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics/metabolism | Epididymis/cytology | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase/genetics/metabolism | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Leydig Cells/majr/drug effects/enzymology/ultrastructure | Male | Mice | Mice, Inbred ICR | Microscopy, Electron | Mitochondrial Membranes/majr/drug effects/physiology | Organ Size | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism | Receptors, GABA/genetics/metabolism | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Sperm Count | Sperm Motility/drug effects | Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics/metabolism | Testosterone/majr/biosynthesis/blood",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1497\",\"10.1210/en.2006-1497\")","v":"10.1210/en.2006-1497"},"148","8","3941-9","jour","Permethrin","C463819:Bzrp protein, mouse|D007306:Insecticides|D010750:Phosphoproteins|D018079:Receptors, GABA|C090395:steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|D013739:Testosterone|D026023:Permethrin|D002784:Cholesterol|D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases|D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase|D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme|D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17439567\",\"17439567\")","v":"17439567"},0,0,0,0,2007,"Safety of benzyl benzoate lotion and permethrin in pregnancy: a retrospective matched cohort study.",0,0,"Mytton OT, McGready R, Lee SJ, Roberts CH, Ashley EA, Carrara VI, Thwai KL, Jay MP, Wiangambun T, Singhasivanon P, Nosten F","BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology","Safety of benzyl benzoate lotion and permethrin in pregnancy: a retrospective matched cohort study.    ABSTRACT:  To assess the safety of benzyl benzoate lotion (BBL) and permethrin, topical treatments for scabies, during pregnancy.A retrospective controlled cohort study.Refugee and migrant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) on the Thai-Burmese border between August 1993 and April 2006.Women treated with either BBL (25%) or permethrin (4%) were identified from a manual search of antenatal records. Each case of scabies was matched with four scabies-free controls for gravidity, age, smoking status, malaria, period of treatment and gestational age at treatment. Conditional Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios for outcomes of pregnancy (proportion of abortions, congenital abnormalities, neonatal deaths, stillbirths and premature babies), mean birthweight and estimated median gestational age, for scabies and scabies-free women, independently for BBL and permethrin.There were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between women who were treated with either BBL (n = 444) compared with their matched controls (n = 1,776) or permethrin (n = 196) treated women and their matched controls (n = 784). Overall, only 10.9% (n = 66) of treatments were in the first trimester. Retreatment rates were higher with BBL 16.4%, than permethrin 9.7%, P = 0.038. Scabies was more common during cooler periods.We found no evidence of adverse effects on pregnancy outcome due to topical 25% BBL or 4% permethrin.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Benzoates|Insecticides|Permethrin|benzyl benzoate MeSH:  | Administration, Topical | Benzoates/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Case-Control Studies | Cohort Studies | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/majr/prevention & control | Pregnancy Outcome | Refugees | Retrospective Studies | Scabies/majr/prevention & control",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01290.x\",\"10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01290.x\")","v":"10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01290.x"},"114","5","582-7","jour","Permethrin","D001565:Benzoates|D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|C006723:benzyl benzoate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17107853\",\"17107853\")","v":"17107853"},0,0,0,0,2006,"An intervention to reduce residential insecticide exposure during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1665406\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Williams MK, Barr DB, Camann DE, Cruz LA, Carlton EJ, Borjas M, Reyes A, Evans D, Kinney PL, Whitehead RD, Perera FP, Matsoanne S, Whyatt RM","Environmental health perspectives","An intervention to reduce residential insecticide exposure during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort.    ABSTRACT:  We previously reported widespread insecticide exposure during pregnancy among inner-city women from New York City. Here we report on a pilot intervention using integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce pest infestations and residential insecticide exposures among pregnant New York City African-American and Latina women (25 intervention and 27 control homes).The IPM consisted of professional cleaning, sealing of pest entry points, application of low-toxicity pesticides, and education. Cockroach infestation levels and 2-week integrated indoor air samples were collected at baseline and one month postintervention. The insecticides detected in the indoor air samples were also measured in maternal and umbilical cord blood collected at delivery.Cockroach infestations decreased significantly (p = 0.016) after the intervention among intervention cases but not control households. Among the intervention group, levels of piperonyl butoxide (a pyrethroid synergist) were significantly lower in indoor air samples after the intervention (p = 0.016). Insecticides were detected in maternal blood samples collected at delivery from controls but not from the intervention group. The difference was significant for trans-permethrin (p = 0.008) and of borderline significance (p = 0.1) for cis-permethrin and 2-isopropoxyphenol (a propoxur metabolite).To our knowledge, this is the first study to use biologic dosimeters of prenatal pesticide exposure for assessing effectiveness of IPM. These pilot data suggest that IPM is an effective strategy for reducing pest infestation levels and the internal dose of insecticides during pregnancy.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|Insecticides MeSH:  | Adolescent | Adult | African Americans | Air Pollution, Indoor/majr/analysis/prevention & control | Animals | Biomarkers/blood | Cockroaches | Cohort Studies | Environmental Exposure/majr/prevention & control | Environmental Monitoring | Female | Health Education | Hispanic or Latino | Housing | Humans | Insect Control/majr/methods | Insecticides/majr/analysis/blood | New York City | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9168\",\"10.1289/ehp.9168\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.9168"},"114","11","1684-9","jour","Permethrin","D015415:Biomarkers|D007306:Insecticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17035148\",\"17035148\")","v":"17035148"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Agricultural pesticide use and hypospadias in eastern Arkansas.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1626392\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Meyer KJ, Reif JS, Veeramachaneni DN, Luben TJ, Mosley BS, Nuckols JR","Environmental health perspectives","Agricultural pesticide use and hypospadias in eastern Arkansas.    ABSTRACT:  We assessed the relationship between hypospadias and proximity to agricultural pesticide applications using a GIS-based exposure method.We obtained information for 354 cases of hypospadias born between 1998 and 2002 in eastern Arkansas; 727 controls were selected from birth certificates. We classified exposure on pounds of pesticides (estimated by crop type) applied or persisting within 500 m of each subject's home during gestational weeks 6 to 16. We restricted our analyses to 38 pesticides with some evidence of reproductive, developmental, estrogenic, and/or antiandrogenic effects. We estimated timing of pesticide applications using crop phenology and published records.Gestational age at birth [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83-0.99], parity (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.95), and delaying prenatal care until the third trimester (OR = 4.04; 95% CI, 1.46-11.23) were significantly associated with hypospadias. Risk of hypospadias increased by 8% for every 0.05-pound increase in estimated exposure to diclofop-methyl use (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15). Pesticide applications in aggregate (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96) and applications of alachlor (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.89) and permethrin (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.86) were negatively associated with hypospadias.Except for diclofop-methyl, we did not find evidence that estimated exposure to pesticides known to have reproductive, developmental, or endocrine-disrupting effects increases risk of hypospadias. Further research on the potential effects of exposure to diclofop-methyl is recommended.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Pesticides MeSH:  | Agricultural Workers' Diseases/majr/chemically induced | Arkansas | Humans | Hypospadias/majr/chemically induced | Male | Pesticides/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9146\",\"10.1289/ehp.9146\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.9146"},"114","10","1589-95","jour","Permethrin","D010575:Pesticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16625591\",\"16625591\")","v":"16625591"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria in pregnancy.",1,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC6532581\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Gamble C, Ekwaru JP, ter Kuile FO","The Cochrane database of systematic reviews","Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria in pregnancy.    ABSTRACT:  Malaria in pregnancy is associated with adverse consequences for mother and fetus. Protection with insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) during pregnancy is widely advocated, but evidence of their benefit has been inconsistent.To compare the impact of ITNs with no nets or untreated nets on preventing malaria in pregnancy.We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register (January 2006), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2006), EMBASE (1974 to January 2006), LILACS (1982 to January 2006), and reference lists. We also contacted researchers working in the field.Individual and cluster randomized controlled trials of ITNs in pregnant women.Three authors independently assessed trials for methodological quality and extracted data. Data were combined using the generic inverse variance method.Six randomized controlled trials were identified, five of which met the inclusion criteria: four trials from sub-Saharan Africa compared ITNs with no nets, and one trial from Asia compared ITNs with untreated nets. Two trials randomized individual women and three trials randomized communities. In Africa, ITNs, compared with no nets, reduced placental malaria in all pregnancies (relative risk (RR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.98). They also reduced low birthweight (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.98) and stillbirths/abortions in the first to fourth pregnancy (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.97), but not in women with more than four previous pregnancies. For anaemia and clinical malaria, results tended to favour ITNs, but the effects were not significant. In Thailand, one trial randomizing individuals to ITNs or untreated nets showed a significant reduction in anaemia and stillbirths/abortions in all pregnancies but not for clinical malaria or low birthweight.ITNs have a beneficial impact on pregnancy outcome in malaria-endemic regions of Africa when used by communities or by individual women. No further trials of ITNs in pregnancy are required in sub-Saharan Africa. Further evaluation of the potential impact of ITNs is required in areas with less intense and Plasmodium vivax transmission in Asia and Latin America.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Antimalarials|Insecticides|Nitriles|Pyrethrins|Permethrin|cyfluthrin MeSH:  | Anemia/blood | Animals | Antimalarials | Bedding and Linens/majr | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr | Malaria/majr/prevention & control | Mosquito Control/majr/methods | Nitriles | Permethrin | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/blood | Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/majr/prevention & control | Pyrethrins | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003755.pub2\",\"10.1002/14651858.CD003755.pub2\")","v":"10.1002/14651858.CD003755.pub2"},"2006","2","CD003755","jour","Permethrin","D000962:Antimalarials|D007306:Insecticides|D009570:Nitriles|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|C052570:cyfluthrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16564119\",\"16564119\")","v":"16564119"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Simultaneous presence of DDT and pyrethroid residues in human breast milk from a malaria endemic area in South Africa.",0,0,"Bouwman H, Sereda B, Meinhardt HM","Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)","Simultaneous presence of DDT and pyrethroid residues in human breast milk from a malaria endemic area in South Africa.    ABSTRACT:  DDT and pyrethroids were determined in 152 breast-milk samples from three towns in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, one of which had no need for DDT for malaria control. All compounds were found present in breast milk. Primiparae from one town had the highest mean SigmaDDT whole milk levels (238.23 microg/l), and multiparae from the same town had the highest means for permethrin (14.51 microg/l), cyfluthrin (41.74 microg/l), cypermethrin (4.24 microg/l), deltamethrin (8.39 microg/l), and Sigmapyrethroid (31.5 microg/l), most likely derived from agriculture. The ADI for DDT was only exceeded by infants from one town, but the ADI for pyrethroids was not exceeded. Since the ADI for DDT was recently reduced from 20 to 10 microg/kg/bw, we suggest that this aspect be treated with concern. We therefore raise a concern based on toxicant interactions, due to the presence of four different pyrethroids and DDT. Breastfeeding however, remains safe under prevailing conditions.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Lipids|Pyrethrins|DDT MeSH:  | Analysis of Variance | DDT/majr/analysis | Developing Countries/majr | Disease Outbreaks | Female | Humans | Insect Control/majr | Insecticides/majr/analysis | Lipids/chemistry | Malaria/prevention & control | Milk, Human/majr/chemistry | Parity | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/analysis | South Africa | Urban Population",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.002\",\"10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.002\")","v":"10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.002"},"144","3","902-17","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D008055:Lipids|D011722:Pyrethrins|D003634:DDT|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16423402\",\"16423402\")","v":"16423402"},0,0,0,0,2006,"Effects of permethrin given before mating on the behavior of F1-generation in mice.",0,0,"Farag AT, Goda NF, Mansee AH, Shaaban NA","Neurotoxicology","Effects of permethrin given before mating on the behavior of F1-generation in mice.    ABSTRACT:  Permethrin, a type I synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was evaluated through assessment of the behavioral development of F1 progeny of mice. Groups each of 30 male and 30 female ICR (CD-1) mice, as F0-generation, were given 0, 4.9, 9.8, and 19.6 mg/kg/d permethrin by gavage for 4 weeks before mating. Behavioral endpoints of motor reflexes, motor coordination, and activity were evaluated in F1 progeny. Clinical signs of toxicity including salivation, hyperactivity, and liquid feces which attributed to permethrin were observed in the F0-mice treated with 9.8 and 19.6 mg/kg/d. Reduction of body weight became evident only during gestation and lactation periods for the middle and high dose groups. Significant differences in the development of reflexes, swimming ability, and open field activity were evident in the offspring for the 9.8 and 19.6 mg/kg/d dose groups compared to the control group. These results show that permethrin at dose levels of 9.8 and 19.6 mg/kg/d can induce a significant risk to the offspring following treatment of F0-mice before mating. The NOEL obtained in this study for the effects of permethrin on the development of the F1-progeny is 4.9 mg/kg/d.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Analysis of Variance | Animals | Animals, Newborn | Avoidance Learning/drug effects | Behavior, Animal/majr/drug effects/physiology | Body Weight/drug effects | Female | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Interpersonal Relations | Male | Maze Learning/drug effects | Mice | Mice, Inbred ICR | Motor Activity/drug effects | Neurotoxicity Syndromes/majr/etiology | Paternal Exposure/majr | Permethrin/majr/administration & dosage/toxicity | Pregnancy | Reflex/drug effects | Reproduction/majr/drug effects/physiology | Swimming",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2005.12.001\",\"10.1016/j.neuro.2005.12.001\")","v":"10.1016/j.neuro.2005.12.001"},"27","3","421-8","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15750777\",\"15750777\")","v":"15750777"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: part III. Effluent toxicity tests.",0,0,"Dwyer FJ, Hardesty DK, Henke CE, Ingersoll CG, Whites DW, Augspurger T, Canfield TJ, Mount DR, Mayer FL","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: part III. Effluent toxicity tests.    ABSTRACT:  Toxicity tests using standard effluent test procedures described by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were conducted with Ceriodaphnia dubia, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), and seven threatened and endangered (listed) fish species from four families: (1) Acipenseridae: shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum); (2) Catostomidae; razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus); (3) Cyprinidae: bonytail chub (Gila elegans), Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistocholas) Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), and spotfin chub (Cyprinella monacha); and (4) Poecillidae: Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis). We conducted 7-day survival and growth studies with embryo-larval fathead minnows and analogous exposures using the listed species. Survival and reproduction were also determined with C. dubia. Tests were conducted with carbaryl, ammonia--or a simulated effluent complex mixture of carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol and permethrin at equitoxic proportions. In addition, Cape Fear shiners and spotfin chub were tested using diazinon, copper, and chlorine. Toxicity tests were also conducted with field-collected effluents from domestic or industrial facilities. Bonytail chub and razorback suckers were tested with effluents collected in Arizona whereas effluent samples collected from North Carolina were tested with Cape Fear shiner, spotfin chub, and shortnose sturgeon. The fathead minnow 7-day effluent test was often a reliable estimator of toxic effects to the listed fishes. However, in 21 % of the tests, a listed species was more sensitive than fathead minnows. More sensitive species results varied by test so that usually no species was always more or less sensitive than fathead minnows. Only the Gila topminnow was consistently less sensitive than the fathead minnow. Listed fish species were protected 96% of the time when results for both fathead minnows and C. dubia were considered, thus reinforcing the value of standard whole-effluent toxicity tests using those two species. If the responses of specific listed species are important for management decisions, our study supports the value in developing culture and testing procedures for those species.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Industrial Waste|Water Pollutants MeSH:  | Animals | Conservation of Natural Resources/majr | Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology | Fishes/majr | Industrial Waste | Larva/growth & development | Reproduction | Risk Assessment | Survival | Toxicity Tests/majr/methods | Waste Disposal, Fluid | Water Pollutants/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0104-2\",\"10.1007/s00244-004-0104-2\")","v":"10.1007/s00244-004-0104-2"},"48","2","174-83","jour","Permethrin","D007220:Industrial Waste|D014873:Water Pollutants|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731987\",\"15731987\")","v":"15731987"},0,0,0,0,2005,"Pregnancy outcome following exposure to permethrin and use of teratogen information.",0,0,"Kennedy D, Hurst V, Konradsdottir E, Einarson A","American journal of perinatology","Pregnancy outcome following exposure to permethrin and use of teratogen information.    ABSTRACT:  NIX is a 1% permethrin creme rinse used for the treatment of head lice. There are no studies regarding human exposure during pregnancy. The primary objective of this study was to examine the safety of permethrin exposure during pregnancy. The secondary objective was to examine how teratogen information is perceived and used by women who requested information regarding this product. Women who had called the Motherisk and MotherSafe Programs to inquire about exposure to permethrin during pregnancy were followed-up to ascertain the outcome of their pregnancies. These women were compared with another group who had not been exposed to any known teratogenic drugs. Women who decided not to use permethrin were administered an additional questionnaire. We enrolled 147 women and completed outcomes on 113 pregnancies of women who had used permethrin some time during their pregnancy. There were 106 live births, six spontaneous abortions, one therapeutic abortion, and one major malformation in the women who used permethrin in the first trimester. The mean birthweight was 3540 +/- 492 g and the mean gestational age was 40 +/- 1 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between the exposed and comparison groups in any of the pregnancy outcomes. Of the 34 women who chose not to use permethrin and who completed the additional questionnaire, 18 (52%) did not use permethrin because they did not feel the information was sufficiently reassuring. The results of this study suggest that the use of permethrin products during pregnancy appears to be relatively safe because there was no increase in the rates of major malformations. We also found that some women will not use a product during pregnancy unless they can receive a 100% guarantee that it will not harm their baby.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Teratogens|Permethrin MeSH:  | Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/majr/etiology/prevention & control | Animals | Female | Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/majr | Humans | Insecticides/adverse effects | Lice Infestations/majr/drug therapy | Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care | Patient Education as Topic/methods | Pediculus | Permethrin/majr/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/majr/drug therapy | Pregnancy Outcome | Pregnancy Trimesters/drug effects | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/majr | Prospective Studies | Teratogens",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837736\",\"10.1055/s-2005-837736\")","v":"10.1055/s-2005-837736"},"22","2","87-90","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D013723:Teratogens|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15462149\",\"15462149\")","v":"15462149"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Health effects of diazinon on a family.",0,0,"Dahlgren JG, Takhar HS, Ruffalo CA, Zwass M","Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology","Health effects of diazinon on a family.    ABSTRACT:  There is increasing evidence of permanent sequalae from acute organophosphate poisoning. We report on accidental diazinon overexposure with acute organophosphate poisoning through cutaneous absorption and inhalation followed by persistent neurological effects. In addition, we observed skeletal and endocrine effects likely attributable to the diazinon poisoning. A family of seven was exposed to diazinon in June 1999 over a two-day period. The pesticide company mistakenly used diazinon to heavily spray the inside of the home instead of permethrin. The applicator applied the pesticide over the entire surface of the floor, carpeting, furniture, and clothing in closets to eradicate an infestation of fleas. Acute symptoms in the family members included headaches, nausea, skin irritation, runny nose, and vomiting. The family was first evaluated at 3 months and then 3 years after the acute poisoning. There were persisting neurological symptoms of memory loss, decreased concentration, irritability, and personality changes of varying degrees in all family members. Objective neurological findings of impaired balance, reaction time, color vision, slotted pegboards and trials making were present in the three older children who could be tested. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed evidence of organic brain dysfunction in all seven family members. Bone growth difficulties are present in four of five children. One child has delayed menarche.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Irritants|Diazinon MeSH:  | Adult | Air/analysis | Child | Child, Preschool | Diazinon/majr/analysis/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Environmental Exposure/adverse effects/analysis | Female | Headache/chemically induced | Humans | Infant | Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects/analysis | Insecticides/majr/analysis/pharmacokinetics/poisoning | Irritants | Male | Neuropsychological Tests | Neurotoxicity Syndromes/majr/etiology/psychology | Pregnancy | Rhinitis/chemically induced | Skin Absorption | Vomiting/chemically induced",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/clt-200026979\",\"10.1081/clt-200026979\")","v":"10.1081/clt-200026979"},"42","5","579-91","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D007509:Irritants|D003976:Diazinon|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15154501\",\"15154501\")","v":"15154501"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Attractancy and toxicity of an attracticide for Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).",0,0,"Nansen C, Phillips TW","Journal of economic entomology","Attractancy and toxicity of an attracticide for Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).    ABSTRACT:  Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is a serious and widespread postharvest pest on cereal products, dried fruits, candy, and pet food. Due to the strong positive anemotactic flight response of P. interpunctella males to the main component of the female-produced pheromone [(Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, herein referred to as ZETA], we evaluated the potential of an attracticide for this pest, in which ZETA as attractant was combined with permethrin as the killing agent. Two concentrations of ZETA [0.16 and 0.32% (wt:wt)] and five concentrations of permethrin [0, 3, 6, 12, and 18% (wt:wt)] were incorporated into Last Call gel (10 different permethrin:ZETA combinations). All attracticide gels were evaluated in a toxicity test, in which either the tip of a leg or an antenna of a virgin P. interpunctella male was touched < 3 s into a dot of attracticide gel. These males were subsequently transferred to jars with virgin females. The toxicity test showed that a brief and gentle contact of P. interpunctella males with attracticide gel containing 3-18% permethrin caused a significant reduction in mating and killed males moths within 24 h. A wind tunnel test was conducted to evaluate the flight responses of P. interpunctella males to the same 10 attracticide gels. Male moths displayed significantly higher levels of positive anemotactic flight and more males made contact with the attracticide gel when the ZETA concentration was 0.16% compared with 0.32%. P. interpunctella males showed no signs of repellency to permethrin concentrations within a range of 0-18% in the attracticide gel. Three densities of P. interpunctella pairs were released into small warehouse rooms, and we found that the attracticide gel suppressed oviposition when the moth density was at a low level, but it was ineffective when the moth density exceeded one male-female pair per 11.3 m3.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pheromones|insect attractants|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Edible Grain | Female | Food Contamination | Insecticides/majr | Male | Moths/majr | Oviposition | Permethrin | Pheromones/majr",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.703\",\"10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.703\")","v":"10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.703"},"97","2","703-10","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D010675:Pheromones|C010411:insect attractants|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15121514\",\"15121514\")","v":"15121514"},0,0,0,0,2004,"Low-dose agrochemicals and lawn-care pesticides induce developmental toxicity in murine preimplantation embryos.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1241965\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Greenlee AR, Ellis TM, Berg RL","Environmental health perspectives","Low-dose agrochemicals and lawn-care pesticides induce developmental toxicity in murine preimplantation embryos.    ABSTRACT:  Occupational exposures to pesticides may increase parental risk of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and congenital anomalies. Less is known about residential use of pesticides and the risks they pose to reproduction and development. In the present study we evaluate environmentally relevant, low-dose exposures to agrochemicals and lawn-care pesticides for their direct effects on mouse preimplantation embryo development, a period corresponding to the first 5-7 days after human conception. Agents tested were those commonly used in the upper midwestern United States, including six herbicides [atrazine, dicamba, metolachlor, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)], pendimethalin, and mecoprop), three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and permethrin), two fungicides (chlorothalonil and mancozeb), a desiccant (diquat), and a fertilizer (ammonium nitrate). Groups of 20-25 embryos were incubated 96 hr in vitro with either individual chemicals or mixtures of chemicals simulating exposures encountered by handling pesticides, inhaling drift, or ingesting contaminated groundwater. Incubating embryos with individual pesticides increased the percentage of apoptosis (cell death) for 11 of 13 chemicals (p <or= 0.05) and reduced development to blastocyst and mean cell number per embryo for 3 of 13 agents (p <or= 0.05). Mixtures simulating preemergent herbicides, postemergent herbicides, and fungicides increased the percentage of apoptosis in exposed embryos (p <or= 0.05). Mixtures simulating groundwater contaminants, insecticide formulation, and lawn-care herbicides reduced development to blastocyst and mean cell number per embryo (p <or= 0.05). Our data demonstrate that pesticide-induced injury can occur very early in development, with a variety of agents, and at concentrations assumed to be without adverse health consequences for humans.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Fertilizers|Fungicides, Industrial|Herbicides|Insecticides MeSH:  | Agriculture | Animals | Apoptosis | Blastocyst/majr/drug effects | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Drug Interactions | Embryonic and Fetal Development/majr/drug effects | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Fertilizers | Fungicides, Industrial/majr/toxicity | Herbicides/majr/toxicity | Humans | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Mice | Models, Animal | Occupational Exposure/majr | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6774\",\"10.1289/ehp.6774\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.6774"},"112","6","703-9","jour","Permethrin","D005308:Fertilizers|D005659:Fungicides, Industrial|D006540:Herbicides|D007306:Insecticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12749488\",\"12749488\")","v":"12749488"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria, anemia, and growth in infants in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya.",0,0,"ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Kariuki SK, Phillips-Howard PA, Mirel LB, Hawley WA, Friedman JF, Shi YP, Kolczak MS, Lal AA, Vulule JM, Nahlen BL","The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria, anemia, and growth in infants in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya.    ABSTRACT:  As part of a community-based, group-randomized, controlled trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in an area with intense malaria transmission in western Kenya, a birth cohort (n = 833) was followed monthly until the age of 24 months to determine the potential beneficial and adverse effects of reduced malaria exposure during pregnancy and infancy. Malaria transmission and morbidity were comparable pre-intervention. The ITNs reduced malaria attack rates (force of infection) in infancy by 74%, and delayed the median time-to-first parasitemia (4.5 to 10.7 months; P < 0.0001). The incidence of both clinical malaria and moderate-severe anemia (hemoglobin level <7 g/dL) were reduced by 60% (P < 0.001 for both). Protective efficacy was greatest in infants less than three months old and similar in older infants and one-year-old children. Efficacy was lowest in the dry season. Infants from ITN villages experienced better height and weight gain. In areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, ITNs substantially reduce exposure to malaria and subsequent malaria-associated morbidity in children less than 24 months old. Reduced malaria exposure during infancy did not result, with continued ITN use, in increased malaria morbidity in one-year-old children.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Permethrin MeSH:  | Age Factors | Animals | Bedding and Linens/majr | Birth Weight | Child Development/majr/physiology | Cohort Studies | Delivery, Obstetric | Female | Gestational Age | Humans | Incidence | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/pharmacology | Kenya/epidemiology | Malaria/majr/epidemiology/prevention & control | Morbidity | Parasitemia/epidemiology/prevention & control | Permethrin/majr/pharmacology | Plasmodium/isolation & purification/pathogenicity | Pregnancy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"68","4 Suppl","68-77","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560173\",\"12560173\")","v":"12560173"},0,0,0,0,2003,"Stage sensitivity of medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs and embryos to permethrin.",0,0,"González-Doncel M, de la Peña E, Barrueco C, Hinton DE","Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","Stage sensitivity of medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs and embryos to permethrin.    ABSTRACT:  The effects of exposure to permethrin on gametes, fertilization and embryonic development were examined in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Following range finding (25, 50, 100, 200 or 300 microg/l) and duration of exposure (0, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216, or 240-h) assays, the relative sensitivity was studied when initiation of exposure to permethrin (100 microg/l, for 192-h) occurred at one of four different stages, i.e., unfertilized egg (0-h), late morula (5-h), early neurula (24-h), and early organogenesis (40-h). The later exposure interval proved the most sensitive. Also, differences were observed in rates of recovery in larvae initially affected following the earliest exposure treatment (0-h, gametes prior to fertilization). Permethrin (100 microg/l) did not affect fertilization success and no lethal effects were observed in embryos. Sublethal effects were primarily observed at hatch. Toxicity endpoints in larvae included: delayed swim bladder inflation; inability of hatchling to respond to stimulus; uncoordinated movements, myoskeletal defects and transient enlargement of gall bladder. These changes were characteristic for all hatchlings exposed to nominal concentrations of 50 microg/l. While certain of the above alterations were reversed within 72-h after hatching, lack of swim bladder inflation and inability to respond to stimuli were two features that persisted with significant incidences. Based on persistence of sublethal effects, results from this work indicate the importance of exposures to gametes and to embryos prior to water hardening. The approach taken herein may better reflect environmental risk conditions than assays limited to exposure of embryonated eggs.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects | Embryonic Development | Female | Fertility/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Larva/drug effects/growth & development | Male | Oryzias/majr/embryology/physiology | Permethrin/majr/toxicity | Pregnancy | Survival Analysis | Swimming | Time Factors | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-445x(02)00090-5\",\"10.1016/s0166-445x(02)00090-5\")","v":"10.1016/s0166-445x(02)00090-5"},"62","3","255-68","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12003754\",\"12003754\")","v":"12003754"},0,0,0,0,2002,"Residential pesticide use during pregnancy among a cohort of urban minority women.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1240839\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Whyatt RM, Camann DE, Kinney PL, Reyes A, Ramirez J, Dietrich J, Diaz D, Holmes D, Perera FP","Environmental health perspectives","Residential pesticide use during pregnancy among a cohort of urban minority women.    ABSTRACT:  Residential pesticide use is widespread in the United States. However, data are limited specific to use among minority populations. Nor are data available on the extent of pesticide exposure resulting from residential use during pregnancy. We have gathered questionnaire data on pesticide use in the home during pregnancy from 316 African-American and Dominican women residing in northern Manhattan and the South Bronx. Additionally, 72 women underwent personal air monitoring for 48 hr during their third trimester of pregnancy to determine exposure levels to 21 pesticides (19 insecticides and 2 fungicides). Of the women questioned, 266 of 314 (85%) reported that pest control measures were used in the home during pregnancy; 111 of 314 (35%) reported that their homes were sprayed by an exterminator, and of those, 45% said the spraying was done more than once per month. Most (>or= 90%) of the pesticide was used for cockroach control. Use of pest control measures increased significantly with the level of housing disrepair reported. Of the women monitored, all (100%) had detectable levels of three insecticides: the organophosphates diazinon (range, 2.0-6,010 ng/m3) and chlorpyrifos (range, 0.7-193 ng/m3) and the carbamate propoxur (range, 3.8-1,380 ng/m3), as well as the fungicide o-phenylphenol (range, 5.7-743 ng/m3). We also frequently detected the following four insecticides (47-83% of samples) but at lower concentrations: the pyrethroid trans-permethrin, piperonyl butoxide (an indicator of exposure to pyrethrins), and the organochlorines 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane and chlordane. Thirty percent of the women had detectable levels of all eight pesticides. Exposures were generally higher among African Americans than among Dominicans. We detected other pesticides in <or= 10% of samples. Results show widespread prenatal pesticide use among minority women in this cohort. Diazinon exposures for some women may have exceeded health-based levels, and our findings support recent federal action to phase out residential use of this insecticide.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pesticides|Diazinon MeSH:  | Adult | Blacks | Cohort Studies | Diazinon/adverse effects/analysis | Dominican Republic/ethnology | Environmental Exposure/majr | Female | Housing | Humans | Insecticides/adverse effects/analysis | New York City/epidemiology | Pesticides/majr/adverse effects/analysis | Poverty | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications/majr | Reference Values | Urban Population",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110507\",\"10.1289/ehp.02110507\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.02110507"},"110","5","507-14","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D010575:Pesticides|D003976:Diazinon|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10794385\",\"10794385\")","v":"10794385"},0,0,0,0,2000,"A consideration of age-dependent differences in susceptibility to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides.",0,0,"Sheets LP","Neurotoxicology","A consideration of age-dependent differences in susceptibility to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides.    ABSTRACT:  Evidence that neonates are more sensitive than adults to organophosphorus (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides is largely based on studies that compare toxicity at acute lethal doses. Under such circumstances, the greater susceptibility of the neonate appears to be due to limited metabolic capacity rather than an inherent difference in the sensitivity of target sites. For purposes of risk assessment with food-use pesticides, the more relevant issue is whether the neonate is more sensitive than the adult to lower levels of exposure, approximating levels used to establish acceptable residue limits (tolerances) on various food products. If infants and children are not more sensitive to environmentally-relevant levels of exposure, then the existing tolerances for dietary exposure will provide adequate protection. If, on the other hand, they may be more sensitive, then additional studies with young animals or an additional uncertainty factor may be needed for added protection. This paper examines two sets of studies that address this issue. The first involves multi-generation reproduction studies with rats that were treated with OP insecticides (coumaphos, fenamiphos, tribufos, trichlorfon, or oxydemeton-methyl) through the diet and examined for effects, including cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. The second involves rats that were treated by gavage with an acute dose of a pyrethroid (cismethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin or cypermethrin) to establish relative sensitivity to either a lethal dose or to a low, behaviorally-active dose. The results with the OP insecticides support ChE inhibition as the most sensitive measure of exposure and the critical effect (i.e., the lowest NOEL) for each study was based on ChE inhibition in the adult. The magnitude of ChE inhibition in pups (measured on postnatal day (PND) 4 and 21) was consistently less than for adults at a given dietary level. For the representative Type I pyrethroids, there was no evidence that pups are more sensitive than adults at any dose level. For both Type II pyrethroids, young rats were considerably more sensitive than adults to a lethal dose but not to lower doses. Levels of deltamethrin in whole-brain tissue support kinetics as the basis for the greater sensitivity of young rats to a lethal dose, with the immature systems involved with detoxification being overwhelmed at such high dose levels. These findings indicate that young animals are not more sensitive than adults to lower doses of OP or pyrethroid insecticides. This outcome supports the conclusion that infants and children are protected by existing tolerances, without the need for an additional uncertainty factor.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Organophosphorus Compounds|Pyrethrins MeSH:  | Acoustic Stimulation | Aging/majr/physiology | Animals | Brain/drug effects/enzymology | Female | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Lethal Dose 50 | Male | No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level | Organophosphorus Compounds/majr | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Rats | Rats, Long-Evans | Reflex, Startle/drug effects | Sex Characteristics",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"21","1-2","57-63","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds|D011722:Pyrethrins|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10663033\",\"10663033\")","v":"10663033"},0,0,0,0,2000,"[Treatment of scabies with special consideration of the approach in infancy, pregnancy and while nursing].",1,0,"Fölster-Holst R, Rufli T, Christophers E","Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete","[Treatment of scabies with special consideration of the approach in infancy, pregnancy and while nursing].    ABSTRACT:  Infestation of human skin with scabies mites remains an persistent problem in daily dermatological practice. There are several therapeutic regiments against scabies which have been proven effective and without major side effects. Because of known neurotoxicity of lindane as well as intoxication/problems following systemic absorption of benzyl alcohol (the metabolite of benzyl benzoate), these two compounds have to be considered with caution in early childhood scabies as well as during pregnancy and nursing. The pharmacology and spectrum of clinical side effects of the approved anti-scabies preparations (lindane, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton) as well as permethrin (not available in Germany) are reviewed.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides MeSH:  | Breast Feeding/majr | Contraindications | Female | Humans | Infant | Infant, Newborn | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/majr/drug therapy | Risk Factors | Scabies/majr/drug therapy",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050003\",\"10.1007/s001050050003\")","v":"10.1007/s001050050003"},"51","1","7-13","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10064545\",\"10064545\")","v":"10064545"},0,0,0,0,1999,"Estrogenic potential of certain pyrethroid compounds in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.",0,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC1566380\",\"1\")","v":"1"},"Go V, Garey J, Wolff MS, Pogo BG","Environmental health perspectives","Estrogenic potential of certain pyrethroid compounds in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.    ABSTRACT:  Estrogens, whether natural or synthetic, clearly influence reproductive development, senescence, and carcinogenesis. Pyrethroid insecticides are now the most widely used agents for indoor pest control, providing potential for human exposure. Using the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line, we studied the estrogenic potential of several synthetic pyrethroid compounds in vitro using pS2 mRNA levels as the end point. We tested sumithrin, fenvalerate, d-trans allethrin, and permethrin. Nanomolar concentrations of either sumithrin or fenvalerate were sufficient to increase pS2 expression slightly above basal levels. At micromolar concentrations, these two pyrethroid compounds induced pS2 expression to levels comparable to those elicited by 10 nM 17ss-estradiol (fivefold). The estrogenic activity of sumithrin was abolished with co-treatment with an antiestrogen (ICI 164,384), whereas estrogenic activity of fenvalerate was not significantly diminished with antiestrogen co-treatment. In addition, both sumithrin and fenvalerate were able to induce cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-response fashion. Neither permethrin nor d-trans allethrin affected pS2 expression. Permethrin had a noticeable effect on cell proliferation at 100 microM, whereas d-trans allethrin slightly induced MCF-7 cell proliferation at 10 microM, but was toxic at higher concentrations. Overall, our studies imply that each pyrethroid compound is unique in its ability to influence several cellular pathways. These findings suggest that pyrethroids should be considered to be hormone disruptors, and their potential to affect endocrine function in humans and wildlife should be investigated.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Carcinogens|Insecticides|Nitriles|Pyrethrins|RNA, Messenger|Receptors, Estrogen|fenvalerate MeSH:  | Breast Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced/metabolism | Carcinogens | Carcinoma/majr/chemically induced/metabolism | Cell Division/drug effects | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/majr/drug effects | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects | Nitriles | Pyrethrins/majr/adverse effects | RNA, Messenger/analysis | Receptors, Estrogen/majr/biosynthesis/drug effects/genetics | Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.99107173\",\"10.1289/ehp.99107173\")","v":"10.1289/ehp.99107173"},"107","3","173-7","jour","Permethrin","D002273:Carcinogens|D007306:Insecticides|D009570:Nitriles|D011722:Pyrethrins|D012333:RNA, Messenger|D011960:Receptors, Estrogen|C017690:fenvalerate|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9835695\",\"9835695\")","v":"9835695"},0,0,0,0,1998,"In vitro and in vivo evaluations of a strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) selected for resistance to permethrin.",0,0,"Davey RB, George JE","Journal of medical entomology","In vitro and in vivo evaluations of a strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) selected for resistance to permethrin.    ABSTRACT:  A strain of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) was selected fro resistance to permethrin by pressuring larvae with increasing doses (range, 0.05-0.35% [AI]) through successive generations (generations F2-F7). At the beginning of the selection process (F2), the pyrethroid resistant (PR) strain was 5.4 times more resistant to permethrin than the pyrethroid susceptible (PS) strain, and the level of resistance increased in each successive generation of the PR strain, reaching a resistance factor (resistance factor) of 20.9 in the F7 generation. Thus, in only 5 generations the level of resistance in the PR strain was increased by 4-fold. The efficacy of permethrin was evaluated by dipping cattle infested with the PS strain and cattle infested with the F7 generation of the PR strain in a vat at 0.057% (AI) (Coopers Animal Health, Mundelein, IL; recommended concentration). Evaluation of the PS strain showed that untreated cattle produced significantly (P < 0.05) more females with a higher index of reproduction than treated cattle. Additionally, biological factors (female weight, egg mass weight, and percent egg hatch) associated with the untreated females were all significantly (P < 0.05) greater than treated females. Conversely, results obtained from the PR strain showed that tick numbers, index of reproduction value, and biological parameters of females in the untreated group were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of the treated group. The overall control achieved in the PS strain (99.2%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the PR strain (35.7%). The results of the study as they relate to the United States Boophilus Eradication Program are discussed.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Cattle Diseases/majr/drug therapy | Female | Insecticide Resistance/majr | Insecticides/majr/therapeutic use/toxicity | Male | Permethrin | Pyrethrins/majr/therapeutic use/toxicity | Tick Infestations/majr/drug therapy/veterinary | Ticks/majr/physiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/35.6.1013\",\"10.1093/jmedent/35.6.1013\")","v":"10.1093/jmedent/35.6.1013"},"35","6","1013-9","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9425827\",\"9425827\")","v":"9425827"},0,0,0,0,1997,"Development of Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed in the larval instar to sublethal dosages of insecticides and one insect growth regulator and their influence on reproduction of filaria-infected mosquitoes.",0,0,"Seif AI, Husseiny IM, Soliman BA, Soliman MA, el-Kady MA","Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology","Development of Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed in the larval instar to sublethal dosages of insecticides and one insect growth regulator and their influence on reproduction of filaria-infected mosquitoes.    ABSTRACT:  The effects of exposure of Culex pipiens larvae to sublethel concentrations of larvicides on uptake, development of Wuchereria bancrofti, survival rate and reproduction of filaria-infected mosquitoes were investigated. Fourth instar larvae of Cx. pipiens were exposed to LC40 of the surfactant Triton X-100, the insect growth regulator DPX alone or combined with LC10 of the surfactant and permethrin alone or combined with LC10 of the surfactant. Adults that survived insecticide treatments and controls were infected by allowing them to feed on microfilaremic volunteers. Significant reduction in the uptake of microfilaria was observed in groups treated with Triton X-100 alone or combined either with permethrin or DPX when compared to control. The overall infection and infective rates were significantly reduced in mosquitoes treated with Triton X-100 either alone or combined with permethrin. Treatment with Triton X-100 and DPX prolonged the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) and retarded the development of filarial larvae, while permethrin either alone or combined with Triton X-100 and DPX combined with Triton X-100 shortened the EIP. All larvicides reduced the number of infective larvae (L3)/mosquito and induced deformities among he different parasite stages, especially in mosquitoes treated with combination of permethrin and Triton X-100 or mixture of DPX and Triton X-100 where 36% and 54.9% respectively of L3S were deformed. In treated mosquitoes, a low percentage of L3S was detected in the head and proboscis region while the majority was trapped in the thoracic region. The survival rates of mosquitoes were reduced in cases treated with permethrin, DPX and Triton X-100 while treatment with mixture of DPX and Triton X-100 induced higher rate of mortalities when compared to control. Egg production of filaria- infected Cx. pipiens was significantly reduced in mosquitoes treated with DPX and Triton X-100. It was observed that the addition of Triton X-100 to DPX or to permethrin significantly reduced egg production. The results suggest that sublethal concentrations of larvicides especially Triton X-100 applied to 4th instar larvae of Cx. pipiens could effectively interfere with the development of W. bancrofti in Cx. pipiens and reduced the survival rate and fecundity of the vector.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Juvenile Hormones|Octoxynol MeSH:  | Animals | Culex/majr/drug effects/parasitology/physiology | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Juvenile Hormones/majr/pharmacology | Larva | Octoxynol/pharmacology | Reproduction/drug effects | Wuchereria bancrofti/majr/drug effects/growth & development/physiology",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"27","3","843-53","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D007605:Juvenile Hormones|D017830:Octoxynol|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7663091\",\"7663091\")","v":"7663091"},0,0,0,0,1995,"Response of procambarid crayfish populations to permethrin applications in earthen ponds.",0,0,"Jarboe HH, Romaire RP","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Response of procambarid crayfish populations to permethrin applications in earthen ponds.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Astacoidea/majr/drug effects/physiology | Female | Fresh Water | Insecticides/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Louisiana | Male | Permethrin | Pyrethrins/majr/metabolism/toxicity | Reproduction/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212389\",\"10.1007/BF00212389\")","v":"10.1007/BF00212389"},"55","1","58-64","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25101418\",\"25101418\")","v":"25101418"},0,0,0,0,1994,"Health Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Army Battle-Dress Uniforms",0,0,"National Research Council (US) Subcommittee to Review Permethrin Toxicity from Military Uniforms","Book: National Academies Press (US)","Health Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Army Battle-Dress Uniforms    ABSTRACT:  This report is the result of the subcommittee's detailed evaluation of possible adverse health effects associated with wearing permethrin-impregnated BDUs. The report examines the data on exposure assessment of permethrin in Chapter 2, pharmacokinetics in Chapter 3, acute toxicity in humans and animals in Chapter 4, dermal or ocular toxicity in Chapter 5, neurotoxicity in Chapter 6, liver and other organ toxicity in Chapter 7, immunotoxicity in Chapter 8, reproductive and developmental toxicity in Chapter 9, genotoxicity in Chapter 10, and carcinogenicity in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 provides a summary of the subcommittee's conclusions and recommendations.Copyright 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.  KEYWORDS: ",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"","","","book","Permethrin"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8258384\",\"8258384\")","v":"8258384"},0,0,0,0,1993,"Effects of selected neuroactive chemicals on calcium transporting systems in rat cerebellum and on survival of cerebellar granule cells.",0,0,"Kodavanti PR, Mundy WR, Tilson HA, Harry GJ","Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology","Effects of selected neuroactive chemicals on calcium transporting systems in rat cerebellum and on survival of cerebellar granule cells.    ABSTRACT:  This investigation examined the relationship between alteration of Ca(2+)-transport systems and cytotoxicity in vitro for a number of neuroactive chemicals including environmental pollutants. 45Ca2+ uptake as a measure of Ca2+ sequestration was determined in mitochondria and microsomes isolated from cerebella of adult male Long-Evans hooded rats by differential centrifugation. Ca2+ extrusion, measured as Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, was determined in synaptosomes prepared by sucrose density gradient. Cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase leakage) was assessed in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells from 6- to 8-day-old Long-Evans rats. N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) did not alter synaptosomal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity or 45Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria and microsomes. However, chlorpromazine (CPZ), aluminum (Al), permethrin (PER), and deltamethrin (DEL) inhibited Ca2+ sequestration by mitochondria and microsomes. The IC50 values (microM) for CPZ, Al, PER, and DEL were 67.8, 671, 4.2, and 91.2 for mitochondrial 45Ca2+ uptake, and 129.9, 1384, > 50, and > 200 for microsomal 45Ca2+ uptake, respectively. CPZ, PER, and DEL also inhibited synaptosomal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 62.5, > 400, and 246.9 microM, indicating an effect on the Ca(2+)-extrusion process. Al increased Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (EC50 = 833 microM). Although NMDA did not inhibit Ca(2+)-transport systems, it was cytotoxic at 250 microM and higher concentrations after 2 hr of exposure. Similarly, CPZ was cytotoxic at concentrations of 25 and 10 microM after 4 hr exposure. However, PER, DEL, and Al were not cytotoxic at any concentration up to 500 microM. Of all the chemicals tested, CPZ was the most potent in inhibiting Ca(2+)-transporting systems and was also cytotoxic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Calcium Radioisotopes|N-Methylaspartate|Aluminum|Calcium|Chlorpromazine MeSH:  | Aluminum/pharmacology/toxicity | Animals | Biological Transport/drug effects | Calcium/majr/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/physiology | Calcium Radioisotopes | Cerebellum/majr/cytology/drug effects/metabolism | Chlorpromazine/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Cytoplasmic Granules/drug effects/metabolism | Female | Male | Microsomes/drug effects/metabolism | Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism | N-Methylaspartate/majr/pharmacology/toxicity | Pregnancy | Rats | Synaptosomes/drug effects/metabolism",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/faat.1993.1103\",\"10.1006/faat.1993.1103\")","v":"10.1006/faat.1993.1103"},"21","3","308-16","jour","Permethrin","D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes|D016202:N-Methylaspartate|D000535:Aluminum|D002118:Calcium|D002746:Chlorpromazine|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1859206\",\"1859206\")","v":"1859206"},0,0,0,0,1991,"Acute toxicity of permethrin to four size classes of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and observations of post-exposure effects.",0,0,"Jarboe HH, Romaire RP","Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology","Acute toxicity of permethrin to four size classes of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and observations of post-exposure effects.    ABSTRACT:  The mean static acute 96-h LC50 of permethrin [(3-phenoxybenzyl (+) cis, trans, 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate)] to red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) 8-12 mm (0.017 g), 25-35 mm (0.64 g), 45-55 mm (2.45 g), and 65-75 mm total length (8.98 g) was 0.44, 0.85, 1.30, and 0.81 micrograms/L, respectively. Permethrin toxicity did not differ among immature or mature male and female P. clarkii. Crayfish surviving permethrin exposures exhibited no differences in post-exposure growth, survival, onset of sexual maturity, or the reproduction of viable young when compared to non-exposed controls. Teratogenesis was not observed in third-instar crayfish produced from permethrin-exposed parents.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Water Pollutants, Chemical|Permethrin|Oxygen MeSH:  | Animals | Astacoidea/majr/drug effects | Electric Conductivity | Female | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | Insecticides/majr | Male | Oxygen/analysis | Permethrin | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Water Pollutants, Chemical/majr/toxicity",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064399\",\"10.1007/BF01064399\")","v":"10.1007/BF01064399"},"20","3","337-42","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical|D026023:Permethrin|D010100:Oxygen|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1842582\",\"1842582\")","v":"1842582"},0,0,0,0,1991,"Permethrin.",1,{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC7682258\",\"1\")","v":"1"},null,"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans","Permethrin.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Air Pollutants, Occupational|Insecticides|Pesticide Residues|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Air Pollutants, Occupational/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Animals | Carcinogenicity Tests | Cross-Cultural Comparison | Female | Humans | Insecticides/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics | Lethal Dose 50 | Maximum Allowable Concentration | Mutagenicity Tests | Neoplasms/majr/chemically induced | Occupational Diseases/majr/chemically induced | Occupational Exposure/majr/adverse effects | Permethrin | Pesticide Residues/adverse effects | Pregnancy | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | Pyrethrins/majr/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"53","","329-49","jour","Permethrin","D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational|D007306:Insecticides|D010573:Pesticide Residues|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1712334\",\"1712334\")","v":"1712334"},0,0,0,0,1991,"[Toxicological substantiation of safe use of xenobiotics].",0,0,"Golubchikov MV","Gigiena i sanitariia","[Toxicological substantiation of safe use of xenobiotics].    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Methyl Parathion|Permethrin|Hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Newborn/majr/blood | Animals, Suckling/majr/blood | Female | Fetal Blood/majr/chemistry | Hexachlorocyclohexane/majr/blood/standards/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/blood/standards/toxicity | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/physiology | Maximum Allowable Concentration | Methyl Parathion/majr/blood/standards/toxicity | Permethrin | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/blood/standards/toxicity | Rats",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"","1","56-8","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D008743:Methyl Parathion|D026023:Permethrin|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2258510\",\"2258510\")","v":"2258510"},0,0,0,0,1990,"Differential survival of male and female partially resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on steers treated with permethrin.",0,0,"McDonald PT, Schmidt CD","Journal of economic entomology","Differential survival of male and female partially resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on steers treated with permethrin.    ABSTRACT:  Males and females from a heterozygous, resistant strain (SR) of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), were tested for survival until reproductive maturity on steers with ear tags in outdoor, screened enclosures and on steers sprayed on the neck in an indoor isolation room. After 6 d, female SR flies on outdoor steers with one tag had 10 times greater survival than males; almost no SR flies on steers with two ear tags survived. Survival of male and female SR flies on steers sprayed on the neck was reduced during the first 24 h, but not thereafter. Lower survival of males compared with females on treated steers reflected differential survival of the sexes during exposure to treated cloths in a laboratory bioassay. Hair samples from neck, back, rump, and lower legs of steers with ear tags in outdoor pens were tested for toxicity to the SR flies. These bioassays indicated high localization of insecticide on the neck of steers with ear tags.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Cattle | Cattle Diseases/majr/drug therapy | Ectoparasitic Infestations/majr/drug therapy/veterinary | Female | Insecticide Resistance | Insecticides/majr/therapeutic use | Male | Muscidae/majr | Permethrin | Pyrethrins/majr/therapeutic use",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.5.1715\",\"10.1093/jee/83.5.1715\")","v":"10.1093/jee/83.5.1715"},"83","5","1715-7","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1698691\",\"1698691\")","v":"1698691"},0,0,0,0,1990,"[Use of the mother-fetus-newborn infant system for the study of combined effects of pesticides and other chemicals].",0,0,"Goncharuk EI, Sidorenko GI, Golubchikov MV, Prokopovich AS","Gigiena i sanitariia","[Use of the mother-fetus-newborn infant system for the study of combined effects of pesticides and other chemicals].    ABSTRACT:  It is possible to state on the basis of the studies carried out that the system mother-fetus-new-born may be used as the most sensitive biological model to study separate, complex and combined exposure of mammals to chemicals. It was found out that the above mentioned system is highly sensitive and makes it possible to detect a damaging effect to chemicals even on the level of standardized values, while such doses do not produce any negative influence on the adult organism. The proposed system makes it possible to assess material and functional cumulation of chemical substances in the organism of mammals.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Methyl Parathion|Permethrin|Hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH:  | Animals | Animals, Newborn/majr/metabolism | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Female | Fetus/majr/drug effects/metabolism | Hexachlorocyclohexane/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Insecticides/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Maternal-Fetal Exchange/majr/drug effects/physiology | Methyl Parathion/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Models, Biological | Permethrin | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/toxicity | Rats",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/\",\"\")","v":""},"","6","4-7","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D008743:Methyl Parathion|D026023:Permethrin|D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane|"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7115999\",\"7115999\")","v":"7115999"},0,0,0,0,1982,"Uterine and fetal characteristics in rats following a post-implantational exposure to permethrin.",0,0,"Spencer F, Berhane Z","Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology","Uterine and fetal characteristics in rats following a post-implantational exposure to permethrin.    ABSTRACT:  NOABSTRACT. No abstract found.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Insecticides|Pyrethrins|Permethrin MeSH:  | Animals | Female | Fetus/majr/drug effects | Insecticides/majr/toxicity | Permethrin | Placenta/analysis/drug effects | Pregnancy | Pyrethrins/majr/toxicity | Rats | Rats, Inbred Strains | Uterus/majr/drug effects",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606093\",\"10.1007/BF01606093\")","v":"10.1007/BF01606093"},"29","1","84-8","jour","Permethrin","D007306:Insecticides|D011722:Pyrethrins|D026023:Permethrin|"]

{"sheet":"MeSHMine","index":2,"n_rows":175,"n_cols":26,"rows_kept":175,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["MeSH term extraction : substances",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PubMed query run: fipronil aND fleas"]
["Chemicals, proteins, and more: double-click on row to sift on substance name",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D01","D02","D03","D04","D05","D06","D08","D09","D10","D12","D13","D20","D23","D25","D26","D27","Other"]
["MeSH Substance (hyperlinked)","MeSH Chemical","Art Ct","Tox / AE ","Ther Use","Family","uid","Mapped to","Mapped to Name (one of possibly multiple)","Inorganic","Organic","Heterocyclic","Polycyclic","Macro","Hormone,etc.","Enzymes","Carbs","Lipids","Prots, genes, AA","Nucleic acids","Mixtures","Biological factors","Med/dental materials","Pharm preparations","Actions/uses","Other"]
["Ivermectin","Ivermectin",17,1,3,0,"D007559","D007559","Ivermectin",null,1]
["Gold","Gold",2,0,0,0,"D006046","D006046","Gold",1]
["Carbon","Carbon",1,0,0,0,"D002244","D002244","Carbon",1]
["2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid","2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid",7,7,0,0,"D015084","D015084","2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid",null,1]
["Chlorpyrifos","Chlorpyrifos",5,1,0,0,"D004390","D004390","Chlorpyrifos",null,1]
["Water","Water",4,0,0,0,"D014867","D014867","Water",1]
["Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene",1,0,0,0,"D003633","D003633","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene",null,1]
["Permethrin","Permethrin",14,4,3,0,"D026023","D026023","Permethrin",null,1]
["cypermethrin","cypermethrin",3,1,0,0,"C017160","D011722","Pyrethrins",null,1]
["imidacloprid","imidacloprid",5,4,0,0,"C082359","D000073943","Neonicotinoids",null,null,1]
["Waste Water","Waste Water",7,0,0,0,"D062065","D062065","Waste Water",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Hydrogen Peroxide","Hydrogen Peroxide",2,0,0,0,"D006861","D006861","Hydrogen Peroxide",1,1]
["Iron","Iron",1,0,0,0,"D007501","D007501","Iron",1]
["Titanium","Titanium",2,0,0,0,"D014025","D014025","Titanium",1]
["Soil","Soil",7,0,0,0,"D012987","D012987","Soil",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Sewage","Sewage",2,0,0,0,"D012722","D012722","Sewage",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Atrazine","Atrazine",4,0,0,0,"D001280","D001280","Atrazine",null,null,1]
["gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","gamma-Aminobutyric Acid",3,0,0,0,"D005680","D005680","gamma-Aminobutyric Acid",null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["glyphosate","glyphosate",2,1,0,0,"C010974","D005998","Glycine",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Glycine","Glycine",3,1,0,0,"D005998","D005998","Glycine",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Hexachlorocyclohexane","Hexachlorocyclohexane",1,0,0,0,"D001556","D001556","Hexachlorocyclohexane",null,1]
["Piperonyl Butoxide","Piperonyl Butoxide",1,0,0,0,"D010882","D010882","Piperonyl Butoxide",null,null,1]
["Albendazole","Albendazole",1,0,0,0,"D015766","D015766","Albendazole",null,1,1]
["Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System","Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System",5,0,0,0,"D003577","D003577","Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System",null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]
["Malathion","Malathion",1,0,0,0,"D008294","D008294","Malathion",null,1]
["ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B","ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B",1,0,0,0,"D018435","D018435","ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Drinking Water","Drinking Water",3,0,0,0,"D060766","D060766","Drinking Water",1]
["Propolis","Propolis",1,0,0,0,"D011429","D011429","Propolis",null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["fipronil sulfone","fipronil sulfone",23,7,0,0,"C534368","D011720","Pyrazoles",null,null,1]
["frataxin","frataxin",1,0,0,0,"C098527","D033862","IronBinding Proteins",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["abamectin","abamectin",2,0,0,0,"C048324","D007559","Ivermectin",null,1]
["beta-Glucosidase","beta-Glucosidase",1,0,0,0,"D001617","D001617","beta-Glucosidase",null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Glucose","Glucose",3,0,0,0,"D005947","D005947","Glucose",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Diamide","Diamide",3,0,0,0,"D003958","D003958","Diamide",null,1]
["bifenthrin","bifenthrin",4,1,0,0,"C099952","D011722","Pyrethrins",null,1]
["Praziquantel","Praziquantel",3,0,3,0,"D011223","D011223","Praziquantel",null,null,1]
["eprinomectin","eprinomectin",3,0,3,0,"C101434","D007559","Ivermectin",null,1]
["Methoprene","Methoprene",5,0,4,0,"D008726","D008726","Methoprene",null,null,null,null,null,1]
["fluazuron","fluazuron",1,0,1,0,"C104929","D010671","Phenylurea Compounds",null,1]
["Acetylcholinesterase","Acetylcholinesterase",1,0,0,0,"D000110","D000110","Acetylcholinesterase",null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Parathion","Parathion",1,0,0,0,"D010278","D010278","Parathion",null,1]
["Horseradish Peroxidase","Horseradish Peroxidase",1,0,0,0,"D006735","D006735","Horseradish Peroxidase",null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["titanium dioxide","titanium dioxide",1,0,0,0,"C009495","D014025","Titanium",1]
["Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A","Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A",1,0,0,0,"D051544","D051544","Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A",null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]
["Glutathione Transferase","Glutathione Transferase",2,0,0,0,"D005982","D005982","Glutathione Transferase",null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl diphosphate","4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl diphosphate",1,0,0,0,"C467061","D010755","Organophosphates",null,1]
["ethiprole","ethiprole",5,2,0,0,"C472185","D011720","Pyrazoles",null,null,1]
["Graphite","Graphite",3,0,0,0,"D006108","D006108","Graphite",1]
["Caspase 3","Caspase 3",1,0,0,0,"D053148","D053148","Caspase 3",null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]
["NF-kappa B","NF-kappa B",1,0,0,0,"D016328","D016328","NF-kappa B",null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,1]
["A1443 compound","A1443 compound",9,4,4,0,"C000591860","D007555","Isoxazoles",null,null,1]
["Dust","Dust",4,0,0,0,"D004391","D004391","Dust",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["graphene oxide","graphene oxide",1,0,0,0,"C000628730","D006108","Graphite",1]
["Rotenone","Rotenone",1,1,0,0,"D012402","D012402","Rotenone",null,null,1]
["Luteolin","Luteolin",1,0,0,0,"D047311","D047311","Luteolin",null,null,1]
["lotilaner","lotilaner",2,0,1,0,"C000711088","D010080","Oxazoles",null,null,1]
["glutamate-gated chloride channels","glutamate-gated chloride channels",5,0,0,0,"C109777","D018118","Chloride Channels",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Cerium","Cerium",2,0,0,0,"D002563","D002563","Cerium",1]
["ceric oxide","ceric oxide",2,0,0,0,"C030583","D002563","Cerium",1]
["Silver","Silver",1,0,0,0,"D012834","D012834","Silver",1]
["pyriproxyfen","pyriproxyfen",2,0,0,0,"C055613","D011725","Pyridines",null,null,1]
["piperine","piperine",1,0,0,0,"C008922","D000470","Alkaloids",null,null,1]
["RNA, Ribosomal, 16S","RNA, Ribosomal, 16S",1,0,0,0,"D012336","D012336","RNA, Ribosomal, 16S",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Rdl protein, Drosophila","Rdl protein, Drosophila",1,0,0,0,"C082030","D011963","Receptors, GABAA",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Carboxylesterase","Carboxylesterase",2,0,0,0,"D043182","D043182","Carboxylesterase",null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Molybdenum","Molybdenum",1,0,0,0,"D008982","D008982","Molybdenum",1]
["Glutathione S-Transferase pi","Glutathione S-Transferase pi",1,0,0,0,"D051549","D051549","Glutathione S-Transferase pi",null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Dopamine","Dopamine",1,0,0,0,"D004298","D004298","Dopamine",null,1]
["spiromesifen","spiromesifen",1,0,0,0,"C521569","D013141","Spiro Compounds",null,1,null,1]
["RNA, Long Noncoding","RNA, Long Noncoding",3,0,0,0,"D062085","D062085","RNA, Long Noncoding",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["DEET","DEET",1,1,0,0,"D003671","D003671","DEET",null,1]
["Tea","Tea",3,0,0,0,"D013662","D013662","Tea",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-(N-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)amino)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile","1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-(N-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)amino)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile",3,1,0,0,"C000607325","D011720","Pyrazoles",null,null,1]
["Maneb","Maneb",2,2,0,0,"D008344","D008344","Maneb",null,1]
["mancozeb","mancozeb",2,2,0,0,"C013099","D008344","Maneb",null,1]
["Zineb","Zineb",2,2,0,0,"D015038","D015038","Zineb",null,1]
["Ozone","Ozone",1,0,0,0,"D010126","D010126","Ozone",1]
["Niacinamide","Niacinamide",1,0,0,0,"D009536","D009536","Niacinamide",null,null,1]
["Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase","Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase",1,0,0,0,"D014446","D014446","Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase",null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]
["DDT","DDT",1,0,0,0,"D003634","D003634","DDT",null,1]
["Proteome","Proteome",1,0,0,0,"D020543","D020543","Proteome",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["pyrachlostrobin","pyrachlostrobin",1,1,0,0,"C513428","D000073739","Strobilurins",null,1]
["royal jelly","royal jelly",2,0,0,0,"C058787","D005227","Fatty Acids",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Vitamin E","Vitamin E",2,0,0,0,"D014810","D014810","Vitamin E",null,null,1]
["Selenium","Selenium",1,0,0,0,"D012643","D012643","Selenium",1]
["Thyroxine","Thyroxine",1,0,1,0,"D013974","D013974","Thyroxine",null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,1]
["Curcumin","Curcumin",1,0,0,0,"D003474","D003474","Curcumin",null,1]
["Resveratrol","Resveratrol",1,0,0,0,"D000077185","D000077185","Resveratrol",null,1]
["chlorantranilipole","chlorantranilipole",2,1,0,0,"C517733","D062367","orthoAminobenzoates",null,1]
["Silicon Dioxide","Silicon Dioxide",2,0,0,0,"D012822","D012822","Silicon Dioxide",1]
["acetonitrile","acetonitrile",1,0,0,0,"C032159","D000097","Acetonitriles",null,1]
["amitraz","amitraz",2,1,0,0,"C014983","D014052","Toluidines",null,1]
["neem oil","neem oil",1,0,0,0,"C002443","D005989","Glycerides",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["MUC5AC protein, human","MUC5AC protein, human",1,0,0,0,"C524678","D055271","Mucin 5AC",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Mucin 5AC","Mucin 5AC",1,0,0,0,"D055271","D055271","Mucin 5AC",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium","Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium",1,1,0,0,"D002266","D002266","Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["chlorfenapyr","chlorfenapyr",1,0,0,0,"C436643","D011722","Pyrethrins",null,1]
["cyhalothrin","cyhalothrin",2,0,0,0,"C037304","D009570","Nitriles",null,1]
["ZSM-5 zeolite","ZSM-5 zeolite",1,0,0,0,"C570564","D017641","Zeolites",1]
["emamectin benzoate","emamectin benzoate",1,0,0,0,"C108024","D007559","Ivermectin",null,1]
["Carbamazepine","Carbamazepine",1,0,0,0,"D002220","D002220","Carbamazepine",null,null,1]
["Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6","Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6",1,0,0,0,"D019389","D019389","Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6",null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]
["Allopurinol","Allopurinol",1,0,1,0,"D000493","D000493","Allopurinol",null,null,1]
["1-(2,6-dichloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-5-(2-methylamino)-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile","1-(2,6-dichloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-5-(2-methylamino)-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile",1,0,0,0,"C561658","D006846","Hydrocarbons, Halogenated",null,1]
["moxidectin","moxidectin",3,1,3,0,"C027837","D018942","Macrolides",null,1,null,1]
["Manure","Manure",1,0,0,0,"D008372","D008372","Manure",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["sarolaner","sarolaner",1,0,0,0,"C000623191","D001384","Azetidines",null,null,1]
["selamectin","selamectin",2,0,0,0,"C414354","D007559","Ivermectin",null,1]
["biochar","biochar",3,0,0,0,"C540010","D002606","Charcoal",1]
["Charcoal","Charcoal",4,0,0,0,"D002606","D002606","Charcoal",1]
["butylene fipronil","butylene fipronil",1,0,0,0,"C000630835","D011720","Pyrazoles",null,null,1]
["red fluorescent protein","red fluorescent protein",1,0,0,0,"C413662","D008164","Luminescent Proteins",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["diethyl maleate","diethyl maleate",1,0,0,0,"C014476","D008298","Maleates",null,1]
["S 1812","S 1812",1,0,0,0,"C418569","D010647","Phenyl Ethers",null,1]
["triphenyl phosphate","triphenyl phosphate",1,0,0,0,"C005445","D010755","Organophosphates",null,1]
["azadirachtin","azadirachtin",1,1,0,0,"C010329","D036701","Limonins",null,1]
["Taurine","Taurine",1,0,0,0,"D013654","D013654","Taurine",null,1]
["Acetylcysteine","Acetylcysteine",1,0,0,0,"D000111","D000111","Acetylcysteine",null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Naled","Naled",1,0,0,0,"D009267","D009267","Naled",null,1]
["spinetoram","spinetoram",2,1,1,0,"C548262","D018942","Macrolides",null,1,null,1]
["Chlordecone","Chlordecone",1,1,0,0,"D007631","D007631","Chlordecone",null,1]
["noviflumuron","noviflumuron",1,0,0,0,"C487613","D001549","Benzamides",null,1]
["okaramine B","okaramine B",1,0,0,0,"C416703","D001384","Azetidines",null,null,1]
["Fluorescein","Fluorescein",1,0,0,0,"D019793","D019793","Fluorescein",null,1,1,1]
["LHT1 protein, Arabidopsis","LHT1 protein, Arabidopsis",1,0,0,0,"C110638","D026923","Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Glutamine","Glutamine",1,0,0,0,"D005973","D005973","Glutamine",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["allyl sulfide","allyl sulfide",1,0,0,0,"C038491","D000498","Allyl Compounds",null,1]
["thymoquinone","thymoquinone",1,0,0,0,"C003466","D016227","Benzoquinones",null,1]
["flonicamid","flonicamid",1,0,0,0,"C524822","D009536","Niacinamide",null,null,1]
["Serum Albumin, Human","Serum Albumin, Human",1,0,0,0,"D000075462","D000075462","Serum Albumin, Human",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["delrin","delrin",1,0,0,0,"C010102","D012117","Resins, Synthetic",null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["amyloid beta-protein (1-40)","amyloid beta-protein (1-40)",1,0,0,0,"C078592","D010446","Peptide Fragments",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["amyloid beta-protein (1-42)","amyloid beta-protein (1-42)",1,0,0,0,"C075222","D010446","Peptide Fragments",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["amyloid beta-protein (1-43)","amyloid beta-protein (1-43)",1,0,0,0,"C098994","D010446","Peptide Fragments",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Rosuvastatin Calcium","Rosuvastatin Calcium",1,0,0,0,"D000068718","D000068718","Rosuvastatin Calcium",null,1,1]
["Triclosan","Triclosan",1,0,0,0,"D014260","D014260","Triclosan",null,1]
["triclocarban","triclocarban",1,0,0,0,"C009540","D002224","Carbanilides",null,1]
["buprofezin","buprofezin",1,1,0,0,"C083997","D013829","Thiadiazines",null,1,1]
["Ascorbic Acid","Ascorbic Acid",1,0,0,0,"D001205","D001205","Ascorbic Acid",null,1,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["DNA, Single-Stranded","DNA, Single-Stranded",1,0,0,0,"D004277","D004277","DNA, Single-Stranded",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["odorant-binding protein","odorant-binding protein",1,0,0,0,"C045648","D018035","Receptors, Odorant",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Chitin","Chitin",1,0,0,0,"D002686","D002686","Chitin",null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]
["novaluron","novaluron",1,1,0,0,"C471805","D010671","Phenylurea Compounds",null,1]
["enilconazole","enilconazole",1,0,0,0,"C017435","D007093","Imidazoles",null,null,1]
["mdr65 protein, Drosophila","mdr65 protein, Drosophila",1,0,0,0,"C069936","D018435","ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["dinotefuran","dinotefuran",1,0,0,0,"C465368","D000073943","Neonicotinoids",null,null,1]
["insect attractants","insect attractants",1,0,0,0,"C010411","D010675","Pheromones",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["indoxacarb","indoxacarb",1,0,0,0,"C401104","D010078","Oxazines",null,null,1]
["hydramethylnon","hydramethylnon",1,0,0,0,"C041642","D011744","Pyrimidinones",null,null,1]
["coumarin","coumarin",1,0,0,0,"C030123","D003374","Coumarins",null,null,1]
["Vimentin","Vimentin",1,0,0,0,"D014746","D014746","Vimentin",null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,1]
["Petroleum","Petroleum",1,0,0,0,"D010578","D010578","Petroleum",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["1-Octanol","1-Octanol",1,0,0,0,"D020003","D020003","1-Octanol",null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Doxycycline","Doxycycline",1,0,0,0,"D004318","D004318","Doxycycline",null,1,null,1]
["n-hexane","n-hexane",1,0,0,0,"C026385","D006586","Hexanes",null,1]
["2-Propanol","2-Propanol",1,0,0,0,"D019840","D019840","2-Propanol",null,1]
["MIL-101","MIL-101",1,0,0,0,"C000589635","D000073396","MetalOrganic Frameworks",null,1,null,null,1]
["Chromium","Chromium",1,0,0,0,"D002857","D002857","Chromium",1]
["methoxyfenozide","methoxyfenozide",1,0,0,0,"C406712","D006834","Hydrazines",null,1]
["polyacrylonitrile","polyacrylonitrile",1,0,0,0,"C010504","D000180","Acrylic Resins",null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["Cytochrome b Group","Cytochrome b Group",1,0,0,0,"D003573","D003573","Cytochrome b Group",null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]
["cyantraniliprole","cyantraniliprole",1,0,0,0,"C558219","D011720","Pyrazoles",null,null,1]
["diphenyldiselenide","diphenyldiselenide",1,0,0,0,"C061132","D001555","Benzene Derivatives",null,1]
["Fenton's reagent","Fenton's reagent",1,0,0,0,"C045076","D006861","Hydrogen Peroxide",1,1]
["neonicotinoid nitroguanidine","neonicotinoid nitroguanidine",2,1,0,0,"C506414","D019791","Guanidine",null,1]
["Guanidine","Guanidine",2,1,0,0,"D019791","D019791","Guanidine",null,1]
["tetramethrin","tetramethrin",1,1,0,0,"C009424","D011722","Pyrethrins",null,1]
["3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide","3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide",1,0,0,0,"C000611441","D001549","Benzamides",null,1]
["H2AX protein, human","H2AX protein, human",1,0,0,0,"C468783","D006657","Histones",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
["cyphenothrin","cyphenothrin",1,0,0,0,"C051001","D011722","Pyrethrins",null,1]
["chrodrimanin B","chrodrimanin B",1,1,0,0,"C000604274","D012717","Sesquiterpenes",null,1]
["Caspase 9","Caspase 9",1,0,0,0,"D053453","D053453","Caspase 9",null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,1]

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["pchem","gaseous state"]
["pchem","heat of Henry"]
["pchem","heat of vaporization"]
["pchem","Henry's Law constant"]
["pchem","individual fiber diameter"]
["pchem","K(OA)"]
["pchem","Kaw"]
["pchem","Kd"]
["pchem","KOA"]
["pchem","Kow"]
["pchem","K-OW"]
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["pchem","log KOA"]
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["pchem","n-octanol/air partition coefficient"]
["pchem","octanol water partition coefficient"]
["pchem","octanol/air partition coefficient"]
["pchem","octanol/water partition coefficient"]
["pchem","octanol:water partition coefficient"]
["pchem","octanol-air partition coefficient"]
["pchem","octanol-water partition coefficient"]
["pchem","odor"]
["pchem","odour"]
["pchem","particle dimension"]
["pchem","particle size"]
["pchem","particle size"]
["pchem","particle surface area"]
["pchem","partition coeff"]
["pchem","photoabsorption"]
["pchem","physical chemistry"]
["pchem","physical form"]
["pchem","physical properties"]
["pchem","physical state"]
["pchem","pKa"]
["pchem","scent"]
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["pchem","uv + vis"]
["pchem","UV/Vis"]
["pchem","UV-Vis"]
["pchem","vapor density"]
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["pchem","vapour density"]
["pchem","vapour pressure"]
["pchem","viscosity"]
["pchem","visible absorption"]
["pchem","water saturation point"]
["pchem","water solubility"]
["pchem","zeta potential"]
["pchem","ε"]
["pchem","λmax"]

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["Abstract Sifter","Landscape View"]
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[null,null,"Summary heading",null,"Toxicity ","Toxicity","Toxicity","Toxicity","Toxicity"]
["(optional) DSSTOX link to Dashboard","Preferred Name","Chemical / Entity query","Note","ReproTox","NeuroTox","DevTox","Skin sensitization","DNT"]
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[null,"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid","2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid",null,157,289,123,3,41]
[null,"Chlorpyrifos","Chlorpyrifos",null,469,1208,494,2,301]
[null,"Water","Water",null,13214,48258,10512,471,7856]
[null,"Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene",null,373,157,119,0,36]
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["Date","Record Ct","Query Used (double-click on query to rerun)","Entry","PMID","Batch Tag","Run in"]
["2022-12-02T14:58:05",111,"(Permethrin) AND ((reproduction AND (toxicity OR abnormal OR adverse effects)))","Main",null,"Permethrin","8.47 seconds"]
["2022-12-02T14:57:54",374,"(Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene) AND ((reproduction AND (toxicity OR abnormal OR adverse effects)))","Main",null,"Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","23.98 seconds"]
["2022-12-02T14:56:40",4091,"microglia AND macrophage AND immune","Main",null,null,"219.78 seconds"]
["2022-11-28T08:22:58",1698,"fipronil","Main",null,null,"35.07 seconds"]
["2022-11-28T08:19:25",4089,"microglia AND macrophage AND immune","Main",null,null,"24.83 seconds"]
["2022-11-25T17:31:11",1697,"fipronil","Main",null,null,"51.57 seconds"]
["2022-11-25T17:29:20",1697,"fipronil","Main",null,null,"59.5 seconds"]
["2022-11-25T17:25:12",373,"(Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene) AND ((reproduction AND (toxicity OR abnormal OR adverse effects)))","Main",null,"Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","23.12 seconds"]
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["Title:","Transdifferentiation of periodontal ligament-derived stem cells into retinal ganglion-like cells and its microRNA signature.",null,2015,"Ng TK, Yung JS, Choy KW, Cao D, Leung CK, Cheung HS, Pang CP","Scientific reports",5,"","16429",{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16429\",\"10.1038/srep16429\")","v":"10.1038/srep16429"},{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/pubtator/?view=docsum&query=PMC4637909\",\"1\")","v":"1"},0]
["Title and Abstract:","Transdifferentiation of periodontal ligament-derived stem cells into retinal ganglion-like cells and its microRNA signature.    ABSTRACT:  Retinal diseases are the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in the developed countries. Human retina has limited regenerative power to replace cell loss. Stem cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a viable option. Previously, we have induced human adult periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to the retinal lineage. In this study, we modified our induction protocol to direct human adult PDLSCs into retinal ganglion-like cells and determined the microRNA (miRNA) signature of this transdifferentiation process. The differentiated PDLSCs demonstrated the characteristics of functional neurons as they expressed neuronal and retinal ganglion cell markers (ATOH7, POU4F2, β-III tubulin, MAP2, TAU, NEUROD1 and SIX3), formed synapses and showed glutamate-induced calcium responses as well as spontaneous electrical activities. The global miRNA expression profiling identified 44 upregulated and 27 downregulated human miRNAs after retinal induction. Gene ontology analysis of the predicted miRNA target genes confirmed the transdifferentiation is closely related to neuronal differentiation processes. Furthermore, the expressions of 2 miRNA-targeted candidates, VEGF and PTEN, were significantly upregulated during the induction process. This study identified the transdifferentiation process of human adult stem cells into retinal ganglion-like cells and revealed the involvement of both genetic and miRNA regulatory mechanisms.  KEYWORDS:  MeSH Chemical: Biomarkers|MicroRNAs|RNA, Messenger|Glutamic Acid MeSH:  | Biomarkers | Calcium Signaling/drug effects | Cell Transdifferentiation/majr | Cells, Cultured | Cluster Analysis | Computational Biology/methods | Gene Expression Profiling | Glutamic Acid/pharmacology | Humans | MicroRNAs/majr/genetics | Periodontal Ligament/majr/cytology | RNA Interference | RNA, Messenger/genetics | Retinal Ganglion Cells/majr/cytology/metabolism | Stem Cells/majr/cytology/metabolism | Transcriptome/majr  TERMX:  |TX:gene:gene |TX:gene:transcript |TX:agene:vegf",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"`"]

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["Category","Heading ","MoreInfo","Query (double-click to see how the query looks to PubMed)","Comments"]
["Ecological","Algae",null,"algal bloom OR eutrophication OR algae OR Harmful algal bloom OR red tide","any relationship"]
["Epidemiology","Epi",null,"epidemiology"]
["Exposure","Dust exposure",null,"environmental exposure AND dust"]
["Exposure","Food exposure",null,"environmental exposure AND food"]
["Exposure","Water exposure",null,"environmental exposure AND (water OR groundwater OR drinking water)"]
["Exposure","Occupational",null,"(occupational exposure OR Air Pollutants, Occupational OR  ((worker OR workers OR employee OR workplace OR industry) AND exposure))"]
["Emergency/disaster","Emergency / disaster",null,"(emergency OR emergencies OR spill OR spills OR disaster OR disasters or hurricane OR hurricanes OR flood OR floods OR explosions OR explosion[tiab] OR forest fire OR fires OR wildfire OR \"climate change\"[tiab] OR climate change[mh] OR Mass casualty incidents[mh] OR Chemical Hazard Release[mh])"]
["Decontamination","Decontamination",null,"(decontamination OR Environmental Restoration and Remediation)"]
["Mechanism","Oxidative stress",null,"\"oxidative stress\" OR \"free radicals\" OR \"reactive oxygen species\" OR peroxides","needs work "]
["Metabolism","Metabolism",null,"(metabolism OR metabolite OR tissue distribution OR pharmacokinetics OR pharmacodynamics)"]
["Methods","Analytical chemistry",null,"\"Chemistry Techniques, Analytical\" OR analytical chemistry"]
["Methods","Statistical",null,"Statistics as Topic[mh] OR statistics OR statistical"]
["Methods ","In vitro",null,"In Vitro Techniques[mh] OR cell culture or \"in vitro\""]
["Mixtures ","Mixtures",null," (Drug synergism[mh] OR cocarcinogenesis OR  pesticide synergists[mh] OR mixture[tiab] OR mixtures[tiab] OR Drug Antagonism[mh] OR Drug Interactions[mh] OR drug agonism)"]
["Medicine","Clinical trials",null,"((clinical[Title/Abstract] AND trial[Title/Abstract]) OR clinical trial[Publication Type] )"]
["Medicine","Clinical trials in children",null,"((children OR child OR infants) AND human) AND ((clinical[Title/Abstract] AND trial[Title/Abstract]) OR clinical trial[Publication Type] )"]
["Medicine","Obesity",null,"(obesity OR obese OR adipose OR overweight Or adipogenesis OR adipose tissue)"]
["Toxicity","Genetox",null," (dna/drug effects OR DNA Damage OR chromosome aberrations OR genotoxicity OR micronucleus  OR DNA Repair OR mutagenicity tests OR mutagens OR mutagenicity OR mutagenic or \"gene mutation\" OR \"ames \" OR \"comet assay\")"]
["Toxicity","Cancer",null,"neoplasms or cancer OR carcinogen* OR precancerous"]
["Toxicity ","ReproTox",null,"(reproduction AND (toxicity OR abnormal OR adverse effects))"]
["Toxicity","NeuroTox",null,"(neurotoxicity OR (Nervous system diseases and chemically induced) OR ((neurons OR brain OR behavior) AND drug effects)"]
["Toxicity","DevTox",null,"((toxicity OR congenital abnormalities OR Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects) AND (fetus OR embryo OR embryonic development OR larva OR eggs)) or embryotoxicity "]
["Toxicity","Skin sensitization",null,"(\"allergic\" AND \"contact\" And dermatitis) OR Dermatitis, Allergic Contact[mh]"]
["Toxicity","DNT",null,"((Brain OR central nervous system OR \"CNS\" OR \"neural tube\" OR spinal cord OR spina bifida OR Nervous System Diseases or Neural Tube Defects) AND (\"gestation\" OR embryonic development OR embryonal OR embryo OR fetus OR fetal OR infant OR infance OR postnatal OR neonate OR perinatal OR Prenatal OR neurulation))","From DNT Robinson"]
["Use","Pharmaceutical",null,"\"therapeutic use\" OR \"therapeutic use\"[subheading]\" OR pharmacologic actions[mh] OR drug therapy"]
["Use","Pesticide",null,"pesticide OR insecticide OR rodenticide OR fungicide "]
["Use","Cosmetics ",null,"cosmetics OR beauty "]
["Use","Explosive Agents",null,"Explosive Agents OR explosive OR explosives"]
["Use","Food   ",null,"food OR diet OR beverage OR nutrition OR eating"]
["Use","Surface-acting ",null,"Antifoaming OR Anti-foaming OR detergent OR detergents OR soap OR detergent  OR surfactant"]
["Use","Dye/coloring",null,"dye OR \"coloring agent\" OR pigment OR pigments"]
["Use ","Fertilizer",null,"fertilizer OR fertilize "]
["Use ","Solvents",null,"solvents OR solvent"]
["Use","Flame retardant",null,"flame retardant OR flame retardants OR fire suppression"]
["Repro","Female repro",null,"(“female genitalia” OR “female gonad” OR “Female reproduction” OR “Granulosa cells” OR “Polycystic ovarian syndrome” OR “Theca cells” OR Abortion OR Cervix OR cervical OR Corpus Luteum OR Decidua OR decidualization OR Eclampsia OR Embryo OR embryonic OR Endometriosis OR Endometrium OR endometrial OR Estrous OR Fallopian  OR Fertility OR infertility OR Fetus OR fetal OR Folliculogenesis OR Gestational OR Lactation OR Litter OR Luteal OR Maternal OR Menopause OR Menstrual OR menstruation OR Oocyte OR Oogenesis OR Oogonia OR Ovary OR Ovarian OR Ovulation OR Placenta OR placental OR Pregnancy OR pregnant OR Prenatal OR postnatal OR Puberty OR Trimester OR Uterus OR uterine OR Vagina OR vaginal)","From Nordic Working paper"]
["Repro","Male repro",null,"(Aspermia OR Asthenozoospermia OR Azoospermia OR Blood-Testis Barrier OR Cryptorchidism OR Ejaculation OR epididymis OR Epididymitis OR erectile OR fertilization OR Hemospermia OR Hypospadia OR impotence OR Leydig OR male Infertility OR Oligospermia OR Orchitis OR penile OR prostate OR prostatic OR Prostatitis OR Rete Testis OR scrotum OR Seminiferous OR Sertoli OR Sperm OR Spermatid OR Spermatocele OR Spermatocyte OR Spermatogenesis OR Spermatogonia OR Spermatozoa OR Testes OR Testicular OR Testis)","From Nordic Working paper"]
["Zebrafish","Zfish / neurotox",null,"zebrafish AND neurotox* "]
["Zebrafish","Zfish / dev / behavior",null,"zebrafish and (behavior or locomotor) and develop*"]
["Tests","Resp Sens Tests",null,"(nasal challenge OR bronchial challenge OR bronchial provocation test OR forced expiratory volume OR vital capacity OR Bronchial Provocation Tests OR Peak Expiratory Flow Rate OR Respiratory Function Tests OR Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System[tw] OR Respiratory Function Tests OR Pulmonary Ventilation OR Forced Expiratory Flow Rates OR Forced Expiratory Volume OR Maximal Voluntary Ventilation OR \"forced vital capacity\"[tiab])"]
["Tests","Skin Sens Tests",null,"(skin prick test OR Local Lymph Node Assay OR \"LLNA\"[tiab] OR skin tests OR  Skin Irritancy Tests OR DPRA[tiab]OR \"KeratinoSens\"[tiab] OR  \"LuSens\"[tiab] OR \"h-CLAT\"[tiab])"]
["Toxicity","Respiratory sensitisation",null,"(Respiratory hypersensitivity OR respiratory sensitization OR Bronchial Hyperreactivity OR Respiration Disorders OR Respiratory Tract Diseases OR (Drug hypersensitivity AND lung) OR (irritants AND lung) OR (occupational diseases AND lung) OR ((asthma OR rhinitis) AND chemically induced) OR Respiration/drug effects OR Bronchoconstriction OR Respiratory Mechanics)"]
["EmbDev","EmbDev",null,"(embryo OR embryonic Or embryonal OR embryogenesis  OR embryology OR fetus Or fetal OR larvae OR larval OR chick OR Embryonic and Fetal Development[tw])"]
["HeartDev","Heart Dev",null,"(heart OR cardiac OR  cardiogenesis OR cardiopoiesis OR atrium OR atrial OR ventricle OR chamber OR aortic OR aorta OR outflow OR pulmonary OR septum OR septal OR foramen ovale OR cushion OR sinus venosus OR truncus arteriosus OR patterning) AND  (embryo OR embryonic Or embryonal OR embryogenesis OR embryology OR fetus Or fetal OR larvae OR larval OR chick OR Embryonic and Fetal Development[tw])"]
["HeartDevDefects","Heart Defect",null,"((Heart defects, congenital[mh] OR congenital heart defects) OR   (heart AND (abnormalities OR pathologies OR pathology OR teratogenesis)) OR (septum primus OR septum secundum OR septal defect OR septal defects OR (septum AND defect*) OR  (myocardial AND bridging)  OR Myocardial Bridging[tw] OR Tetralogy of Fallot OR transposition of great vessels OR  overriding aorta OR ventricular hypoplasia OR   Interventricular septal defects OR  valvular septal defects OR  Pericardial edema ))"]
["HeartFlow","Heart Flow Dynamics",null,"(Hemodynamics OR bidirectional blood flow OR  unidirectional blood flow OR Mechanobiology OR Dorsal mesenchymal protrusion OR Conductive system OR (heart AND chamber))"]
["HeartDev","Heart Dev Dynamics",null,"(embryo OR embryonic Or embryonal OR embryogenesis OR embryology OR fetus Or fetal OR larvae OR larval OR chick OR Embryonic and Fetal Development[tw]) AND (Hemodynamics OR bidirectional blood flow OR  unidirectional blood flow OR Mechanobiology OR Dorsal mesenchymal protrusion OR Conductive system OR (heart AND chamber))"]
["HeartCells","Heart Cells",null,"(((cardiac OR heart) AND (progenitor OR stem cell OR neural crest OR jelly OR fibroblasts  OR endothelial OR myocytes )) OR cardioprogenitors OR  cardiomyocytes OR spinal neural crest OR epicardial progenitor )"]
["HeartDev","Heart Dev Stages",null,"((cardiac OR heart) AND (crescent OR tube OR loop OR looping OR maturation OR field)) OR (endocardial OR endocardium OR myocardium OR myocardial OR epicardium OR epicardial OR pericardium OR pericardial OR Proepicardium)"]
["Heart","System",null,"(heart OR cardiac OR  cardiogenesis OR cardiopoiesis OR atrium OR atrial OR ventricle OR chamber OR aortic OR aorta OR outflow OR pulmonary OR septum OR septal OR foramen ovale OR cushion OR sinus venosus OR truncus arteriosus)"]
["HeartCellDefect","Heart Cell Defects",null,"((cardiac AND (progenitor OR stem cell OR neural crest OR jelly)) OR cardioprogenitors OR  cardiomyocytes OR spinal neural crest OR epicardial progenitor) AND (hypoplasia OR hyperplasia OR proliferation Or hypertrophy OR lineage)"]
["DevTransport","DevTransport",null,"(transport OR uptake OR storage OR metabolism) AND (pregnancy OR placenta OR placental)"]
["Justice","EnvJustice",null,"(Environmental Justice OR (Social justice[tw] And environment) OR climate justice[tw] OR Urban justice[tw] OR (Built environment AND (equity OR equality OR justice)) OR (Health Status Disparities AND environment))"]
["Brain","NPY1R",null,"Receptors, Neuropeptide Y OR Npy1r"]
["Brain","NTRK2",null,"Receptor, trkB OR NTRK2 Receptor"]
["Disease category","Infections",null,"Infections"]
["Disease category","Neoplasms",null,"Neoplasms"]
["Disease category","Musculoskeletal",null,"Musculoskeletal Diseases"]
["Disease category","Digestive System Diseases",null,"Digestive System Diseases"]
["Disease category","Stomatognathic Diseases",null,"Stomatognathic Diseases"]
["Disease category","Respiratory Tract Diseases",null,"Respiratory Tract Diseases"]
["Disease category","Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases",null,"Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases"]
["Disease category","Nervous System Diseases",null,"Nervous System Diseases"]
["Disease category","Eye Diseases",null,"Eye Diseases"]
["Disease category","Male Urogenital Diseases",null,"Male Urogenital Diseases"]
["Disease category","Female Diseases / pregnancy",null,"Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications"]
["Disease category","Cardiovascular Diseases",null,"Cardiovascular Diseases"]
["Disease category","Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases",null,"Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases"]
["Disease category","Congenital etc.",null,"Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"]
["Disease category","Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases",null,"Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases"]
["Disease category","Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases",null,"Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases"]
["Disease category","Endocrine System Diseases",null,"Endocrine System Diseases"]
["Disease category","Immune System Diseases",null,"Immune System Diseases"]
["Disease category","Disorders of Environmental Origin",null,"Disorders of Environmental Origin"]
["Disease category","Animal Diseases",null,"Animal Diseases"]
["Disease category","Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms",null,"Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms"]
["Disease category","Occupational Diseases",null,"Occupational Diseases"]
["Disease category","Chemically-Induced Disorders",null,"Chemically-Induced Disorders"]
["Disease category","Wounds and Injuries",null,"Wounds and Injuries"]
["Infant","Infant",null,"(infant OR neonatal OR neonate OR newborn  OR Infant, Newborn)"]
["Physical chemistry","Pchem",null,"((\"physical form\" OR \"physical state\" OR \"physical chemistry\" OR \"physical properties\" AND (\"solid\" OR \"liquid\" OR \"gaseous state\" OR \"crystal structure\" OR \"crystalline structure\" OR \"morphology\" OR \"particle size\" OR \"color\" OR \"scent\" OR \"odor\" OR \"odour\" OR \"smell\")) OR \"melting point\" OR \"boiling point\" OR \"density\" OR \"vapor pressure\" OR \"vapour pressure\" OR \"vapor density\" OR \"vapour density\" OR \"water solubility\" OR \"aqueous solubility\" OR \"aqueous saturation point\" OR \"water saturation point\" OR \"octanol:water partition coefficient\" OR \"octanol-water partition coefficient\" OR \"octanol/water partition coefficient\" OR \"octanol water partition coefficient\" OR \"Kow\" OR \"Henry's Law constant\" OR \"heat of Henry\" OR \"Kaw\" OR \"air water partition\" OR \"pKa\" OR \"acid dissociation constant\" OR \"dissociation constant\" OR \"flash point\" OR \"autoflammability\" OR \"viscosity\" OR \"enthalpy of phase change\" OR \"enthalpy of vaporization\" OR \"heat of vaporization\" OR \"photoabsorption\" OR \"absorption spectra\" OR \"absorption spectrum\" OR \"transition state\" OR \"visible absorption\" OR \"UV-Vis\" OR \"zeta potential\" OR \"particle size\" OR \"particle surface area\" OR \"individual fiber diameter\" OR \"average fiber outer diameter\" OR \"particle dimension\" OR \"decomposition temperature\" OR \"KOA\" OR \"K(OA)\" OR \"log KOA\" OR \"octanol-air partition coefficient\" OR \"1-octanol-air partition coefficient\" OR \"octanol/air partition coefficient\" OR \"n-octanol/air partition coefficient\" OR \"Kd\" OR \"association constant\" OR \"λmax\" OR \"absorption wavelength\" OR \"extinction coefficient\" OR \"molar absorptivity\" OR \"absorption maxima\" OR \"ε\" OR \"uv + vis\" OR \"UV/Vis\")"]
["Environmental fate","Fate",null,"(\"bioaccumulation\" OR \"bioconcentration\" OR \"biodegradability\" OR \"biodegradation\" OR \"bioisomerization\" OR \"biomagnification\" OR \"biotransformation\" OR \"dechlorination\" OR \"degradation\" OR \"dehalogenation\" OR \"fate\" OR \"food web\" OR \"groundwater\" OR \"hydrolysis\" OR \"landfill\" OR \"persistence\" OR \"photodegradation\" OR \"photolysis\" OR \"phototransformation\" OR \"vapor intrusion\" OR \"soil gas\" OR \"soil-gas\" OR \"sediment\" OR \"sludge\" OR \"soil\" OR \"trophic magnification\" OR \"volatilization\" OR \"waste\" OR \"wastewater\" OR ((\"concentration\" OR \"concentrations\" OR \"evaporation rates\" OR \"reaction\" OR \"sorption\" OR \"Koc\" OR \"organic carbon water partition coefficient\") AND (\"aquifer\" OR \"atmospheric\" OR \"tropospheric\" OR \"water\")) OR ((\"destroy\" OR \"destroyed\" OR \"destroys\" OR \"destruction\" OR \"removal\" OR \"remove\" OR \"removed\" OR \"removes\") AND (\"combust\" OR \"combusted\" OR \"combustion\" OR \"incinerate\" OR \"incinerated\" OR \"incineration\" OR \"incinerator\" OR \"incinerators\")))"]

{"sheet":"CuratedLists","index":9,"n_rows":10,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":10,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,0,1,2],[1,3,1,4]]}
["Curated chemicals",null,null,"These are sample records. Feel free to delete rows after row 3."]
["Copy these columns (A-C) to Landscape - Make sure column A on the Landscape sheet is not hidden",null,null,"Some other columns of interest to customize"]
["DSSToxID","Preferred Name or team name","Chemical query ","CAS","something else …",null,null," "]
[null,"Carbon","Carbon"]
[null,"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid","2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid"]
[null,"Chlorpyrifos","Chlorpyrifos"]
[null,"Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene","Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene"]
[null,"Permethrin","Permethrin"]
[null,"cypermethrin","cypermethrin"]
[null,"imidacloprid","imidacloprid"]

{"sheet":"Pathway_queries","index":10,"n_rows":88,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":88,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Pathway Queries",null,null,"Note: these are starting points … please expand and customize","How to use: select rows and click on button"]
[]
["Header1: Pathway","Header2: KeyEvent","More data","Query (double-click to see how the query looks to PubMed)","Notes / titles"]
["aop07","1_mie",408,"((Aromatase OR Cyp19) AND (inhibition or antagonism)) OR Aromatase Inhibitors ","Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult female"]
["aop07","2_ke",219,"(estrogen AND synthesis AND drug effects) OR Estrogen antagonists","Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult female"]
["aop07","3_ao1",406,"((fertility  OR impaired fertility ) AND  female AND drug effects )  OR infertility, female[mh]","Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult female"]
["aop07","3_ao2",406,"(ovarian cycle OR menstrual cycle OR menstruation AND (disrupt* OR disregulat*))","Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult female"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://aopwiki.org/aops/126\",\"aop126\")","v":"aop126"},"1_ mie",849,"Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists OR (Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 AND inhibit)","Alpha-noradrenergic antagonism leads to reduced fecundity via delayed ovulation"]
["aop126","2_ke1",null,"(LHRH Receptor* OR Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone OR Gonadotropin) AND adrenergic receptor ","Alpha-noradrenergic antagonism leads to reduced fecundity via delayed ovulation"]
["aop126","3_ke?",null,"(Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos OR fos gene* OR c-fos) AND (decrease OR down-regulate OR inhibit)","Alpha-noradrenergic antagonism leads to reduced fecundity via delayed ovulation"]
["aop126","7_ke4",532,"ovulation AND delay*","Alpha-noradrenergic antagonism leads to reduced fecundity via delayed ovulation"]
["aop126","8_KE",532,"ovulation AND delay*","Alpha-noradrenergic antagonism leads to reduced fecundity via delayed ovulation"]
["aop126","9_AO",null,"fertility AND drug effects ","Alpha-noradrenergic antagonism leads to reduced fecundity via delayed ovulation"]
["aop126","9_KE ",null,"(chromosome  AND drug effects) OR polyploid*  OR chromosome aberrations ","Alpha-noradrenergic antagonism leads to reduced fecundity via delayed ovulation"]
["aop17","10_AO",341,"(Cognition Disorders OR Memory Disorders OR Learning Disorders OR ((Learning OR Maze Learning OR Memory OR Mental Recall OR Spatial Learning OR Spatial Memory) AND (drug effects OR toxicity))","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","1_mie",1487,"(selenoproteins OR selenium) OR Thioredoxins OR glutathione peroxidase","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","2_KE",1538,"(oxidative stress )","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","3_KE",1392,"reactive oxygen species ","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","4_KE",1488,"(glutamate OR glutamic acid OR  Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins OR  Amino Acid Transport System X-AG) AND (homeostasis OR drug effects OR toxicity) ","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","5_KE",55,"apoptosis OR cell death ","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","6_KE",188,"neuroinflammation OR ((nervous system OR brain) AND inflammation) ","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","7_KE",1492,"(microglia OR astrocytes OR neuroglia OR glial OR Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein OR gfap)  AND (activation OR drug Effects)","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","8_KE",1493,"(inflammation mediators OR NF-kappa B OR Map Kinase OR JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
["aop17","9_KE",386,"(Nerve net OR Neural Pathways OR hippocampus)","Oxidative stress and Developmental impairment in learning and memory"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://aopwiki.org/aops/23\",\"aop23\")","v":"aop23"},"1_mie",25,"(Agonism, Androgen receptor OR androgens ) AND fish","Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)"]
["aop23","2_ke",129," (Receptors, Gonadotropin AND antagonists & inhibitors AND fish)","Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)"]
["aop23","3_ke",274,"testosterone AND  (down-regulation OR antagonist OR antagonism OR reduction) AND fish","Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)"]
["aop23","4_ke",3,"Estradiol AND (down-regulation OR antagonist OR antagonism OR reduction) AND fish","Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)"]
["aop23","5_ke",309,"vitellogenin AND oocytes AND fish","Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)"]
["aop23","6_ao",360,"((population AND decrease) OR (mortality AND increase) AND Fish)","Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)"]
["aop40","1_mie",396,"(covalent binding AND protein) OR (protein binding) OR adducts OR haptens OR IL-18 OR OR caspase-1 OR electrophile OR hapten-protein complex or nrf2 OR  NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase 1  OR glutathione S-transferase","Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin Sensitisation"]
["aop40","2_ke",826,"((Keratinocytes OR Keratin) AND (drug effects OR toxicity)) ","Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin Sensitisation"]
["aop40","3_ke",398,"(dendritic cells OR  cell-mediated immunity OR antigen-presenting cells  OR  major histocompatibility complex)","Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin Sensitisation"]
["aop40","4_ke ",272,"Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte[mh] OR T-Lymphocytes  OR \"memory T-cells\"[tiab]","Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin Sensitisation"]
["aop40","5_ao",827,"\"skin sensitization\" OR \"skin sensitisation\" OR Drug Eruptions[mh] OR Dermatitis, Allergic Contact OR Drug Hypersensitivity OR Dermatitis, Contact OR Dermatitis, Atopic","Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin Sensitisation"]
["aop42","1_mie",279,"((thyroperoxidase OR Iodide Peroxidase OR TPO) AND (inhibition OR inhibit OR decrease)) ","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","2_ke",277,"(thyroid hormone OR t3 OR t4) AND (synthesis or inhibition)","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","3_ke",281,"(thyroid hormone OR t3 OR t4) AND (serum or blood or plasma) and  (decrease OR inhibition OR down-regulate)","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","4_ke",280,"((thyroid hormone OR t3 OR t4) AND (brain or cortex or hippocampus))","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","5_ke",756,"((hippocampus) and (gene expression) and (development))","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","6_ke",757,"((hippocampus AND (anatomy) and (development))","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","7_ke",758,"((hippocampus AND (physiology) and (development))","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","8_ao",402,"((memory or learning) and (spatial or temporal or contextual))","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
["aop42","8ao_broad",402,"(Cognition Deficits OR cognition/drug effects OR Cognitive Dysfunction OR Intelligence/drug effects OR (brain AND embryonic development))","Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://aopwiki.org/aops/43\",\"aop43\")","v":"aop43"},"1_mie",305,"(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 OR Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) AND (inhibition  OR inhibit OR antagonism OR inhibitor OR antagonist)","Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental Defects"]
["aop43","2_ke",28,"((angiogenesis OR vasculogenesis) AND (reduce OR inhibit)) OR (Neovascularization, Physiologic AND (drug effects OR toxicity))","Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental Defects"]
["aop43","3_ke",110,"endothelium OR endothelial AND (damage OR impair OR impairment)","Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental Defects"]
["aop43","4_ke",298,"Blood circulation AND (drug effects AND toxicity)","Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental Defects"]
["aop43","5_ao1",1001,"birth defects OR Congenital Abnormalities","Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental Defects"]
["aop43","6_ao2",1001,"(bone OR bone development OR calcification OR osteogenesis OR limb bud/drug effects OR limb deformity) AND (embryo OR embryonic development OR fetus OR fetal development)","Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental Defects"]
["aop57","1_mie",18,"(ahr OR (Aryl Hydrocarbon AND receptor)) AND (upregulat* OR agonism OR agonist OR increase)"]
["aop57","2_ke",450,"(very-low-density lipoprotein OR Lipoproteins, VLDL) AND  (downregulat* OR antagonists OR inhibitors)"]
["aop57","3_ke",451," (Mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation OR Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein)"]
["aop57","4_ke",327,"(Fatty acids OR fatty acid) And (accum* OR increase)"]
["aop57","5_ke",216,"(PCK1 protein OR Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP))"]
["aop57","6_ke",291,"(Triglycerides AND (increase OR agonis*))"]
["aop57","7_ke",54,"(CD36 Antigens OR Fatty Acid Transport Proteins)"]
["aop57","8_ke",465,"(fatty acid transport AND influx)"]
["aop57","9_ke",466,"(Receptors, LDL AND (agonis* OR up-regulat* OR upregulat*)"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://aopwiki.org/aops/126\",\"aop57\")","v":"aop57"},"10_ke",467,"(Lipoproteins, VLDL OR \"very low density lipoproteins\"[tiab] OR Receptors, LDL OR VLDL receptor) AND (up-regulation OR increase) AND uptake","AhR activation leading to hepatic steatosis"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://aopwiki.org/aops/126\",\"aop57\")","v":"aop57"},"11_ke",80,"(cyp1a1 OR Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1) AND (up-regulat* OR increase)","AhR activation leading to hepatic steatosis"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://aopwiki.org/aops/126\",\"aop57\")","v":"aop57"},"12_ke",462,"(Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase AND (increase or accumulation) ","AhR activation leading to hepatic steatosis"]
[{"$f":"HYPERLINK(\"https://aopwiki.org/aops/57\",\"aop57\")","v":"aop57"},"13_ke",455,"(Fatty liver OR steatosis)","AhR activation leading to hepatic steatosis"]
["aop8","1_mie",239,"(Pregnane X Receptor OR NR1I2 protein) AND (activate OR activation OR agonism)","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["aop8","2_ke",280,"((thyroid hormone OR t3 OR t4) AND (brain or cortex or hippocampus))","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["aop8","3_ke",281,"(thyroid hormone OR t3 OR t4) AND (serum or blood or plasma) and  (decrease OR inhibition OR down-regulate)","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["aop8","4_ke",295,"(glucuronyltransferase AND (upregulation OR agonism OR increase))","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["aop8","5_ke",401,"(glucuronide OR glucuronides) AND (increase OR upregulat*) AND (bile OR bilary OR urine OR excrete OR urinalysis)","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["aop8","6_ke",757,"((hippocampus AND (anatomy) and (development))","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["aop8","7_ke",758,"((hippocampus AND (physiology) and (development))","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["aop8","8_ke",756,"((hippocampus AND gene expression) AND drug effects)"]
["aop8","9_ao",319,"(cochlea AND drug effects) OR (ear AND drug effects) OR  (Neurons, Afferent OR auditory hair cells OR organ of corti OR lateral line system[mh]) OR deafness OR hearing loss OR hearing disorders OR ear diseases  or ototoxicity OR tinnitus)","Nuclear receptor induced TH Catabolism and Developmental Hearing Loss"]
["KCC","Adducts",null,"protein Adducts OR dna adducts OR epoxides OR quinones OR aldehydes","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Cancer",null,"(cancer OR neoplasms OR precancerous OR carcinogen OR carcinoma) AND (toxicity OR poisoning OR adverse effects)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Cell immortalization",null,"(cell immortalization OR cell division OR hayflick limit OR Aging/genetics OR Cellular Senescence)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","DNA",null," (dna/drug effects OR DNA Damage OR chromosome aberrations OR genotoxicity OR micronucleus   OR mutagenicity tests OR mutagens OR mutagenicity OR mutagenic or \"gene mutation\" OR \"ames \" OR \"comet assay\")","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","DNA break/repair",null,"(topoisomerase OR DNA Repair/drug effects OR double-strand break repair)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Epigenetics",null,"(DNA methylation OR histone modification OR Histone Code OR Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly OR microRNAs OR Epigenesis, Genetic)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Immunosuppress",null,"(immunosuppressive OR immune system dysfunction)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Inflammation",null,"(inflammation OR macrophages)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Oxidative stress",null,"(oxidative stress OR reactive oxygen species OR mitochondria/drug effects )","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Proliferation",null,"(cell proliferation OR cell death OR apoptosis OR Neovascularization, Pathologic)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["KCC","Receptors",null,"receptors AND (antagonism OR agonism OR drug effects)","IARC Key characteristics of cancer"]
["aop39","1mie",75,"protein binding OR haptens"]
["aop39","2ke",151,"(chemokines OR cytokines OR inflammation OR inflammatory modulators)"]
["aop39","3ke",398,"(dendritic cells OR  cell-mediated immunity OR antigen-presenting cells  OR  major histocompatibility complex)"]
["aop39","4ke",272,"t-lymphocytes OR t-cells OR lymphocyte activation"]
["aop39","5ao",313,"Asthma OR lung diseases OR Respiratory Hypersensitivity OR Bronchial Hyperreactivity OR ((alveoli OR trachea OR bronchi) AND (toxicity OR pathology))"]