4.8 Supporting data

Onroad 2023 emissions were developed by EPA primarily using input data submitted by state and local agencies and secondarily using EPA-developed input data, except for the state of California. California-provided emissions were used for most pollutants. Table 4.16 provides the submittal history of these county databases. The onroad scripts and data files used in the calculations are listed in Table 4.17. The files and datasets listed are available on the 2023 NEI Supplemental Data FTP site.

Table 4.16: Agency submittal history for Onroad Mobile Inputs and emissions
Agency Organization Onroad CDB Submission Date (MM/DD/YYYY) Onroad Emissions Submission Date (MM/DD/YYYY) Notes
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 01/07/2025
Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management 01/14/2025
Connecticut Bureau of Air Management 01/13/2025
California Air Resources Board 03/06/2025
Delaware Department of Natural Resources 01/13/2025
Georgia Department of Natural Resources 11/26/2024
Idaho Department of Environmental Quality 01/08/2025
Knox County (Tennessee) Department of Air Quality Management 01/21/2025
Maine Department of Environmental Protection 01/14/2025
Maricopa County (Arizona) Air Quality Department 11/26/2024
Maryland Department of the Environment 12/31/2024
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection 01/21/2025
Metro Public Health of Nashville/Davidson County 01/15/25
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services 12/30/2024
New Jersey Department of Environment Protection 01/15/2025
New York Department of Environmental Conservation 01/10/2025
North Carolina DEQ, Division of Air Quality 01/13/2025
Ohio EPA 01/13/2025
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 03/24/25
Nez Perce Tribe 01/16/2025
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 03/11/2025
Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management 01/14/2025 EPA constructed the Rhode Island CDBs from spreadsheets provided by RIDEM.
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control 01/13/2025
Tennessee department of Environmental Conservation 12/26/2024
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 01/13/2025
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation 12/04/2024
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 12/31/2024
Washington State Department of Ecology 12/13/2024
Washoe County (Nevada) Health District, Air Quality Management Division 01/23/2025
West Virginia Division of Air Quality 10/24/2025
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 01/17/2025
Table 4.17: Onroad Mobile data file references for the 2023 NEI
File Name Description
1. NEI2023_default_onroad _activity_approach.pdf Describes method used for EPA default VMT, VPOP, data used in counties for which data were not submitted by S/L/T agencies.
2. Folder CDBs_for_all_counties contains 2023_CDBs_stateXX.zip where XX is the two-digit state FIPS code “Unseeded” CDBs for all counties in the U.S. archived separately by state. These may not produce fully populated emission rates tables across all categories without “seeding”. Activity data and age distributions are specific to each county and not aggregated.
3. Folder CDBs_for_rep_counties contains 2023_RepCDBs_Seeded _18sep2025.zip “Seeded” CDBs for representative counties in the continental U.S. used to develop 2023 NEI. These should produce fully populated rates tables because values of zero in the MOVES input tables have been updated to small numbers (1e-15). Age distributions and AVFT are vehicle-population-weighted across all represented counties. VMT and population are summed across all represented counties.
4. Folder CDBs_for_rep_counties contains 2023_RepCounty_Runspecs.zip The MOVES5 run specifications (runspecs) for the representative counties for running MOVES in emissions rate mode for SMOKE-MOVES.
5. Folder CDBs_for_rep_counties contains 2023_RepCounty_ZMH_DBs.zip The input databases containing the meteorology ZoneMonthHour (ZMH) table for each MOVES runspec.
6. 2023NEI_onroad_activity _final_20251010.zip All six data types are in FF10 format for SMOKE and are a combination of EPA estimates, agency submittals, and corrections: (1) Vehicle population by county and SCC covering every county in the U.S., (2) VMT annual and monthly by county and SCC covering every county in the U.S., and (3) Hoteling hours annual and monthly by county covering every county in the U.S. including hours of extended idle and hours of auxiliary power units for combination long-haul trucks only. (4) Off-network idle hours by county and SCC. (5) Starts by county and SCC. (6) Speed distributions by hour for weekend and weekday (SPDIST) in miles per hour, by county and SCC covering every county in the U.S.
7. 2023NEI_RepCounty _Temperatures.zip The temperature and relative humidity bins for running MOVES to create the full range of emissions factors necessary to run SMOKE-MOVES and the ZMH files used to run MOVES. Generated by running the SMOKE Met4moves program.
8. MFMREF_2023NEI_ 30may2025_v1 Fuels cross reference (MFMREF) is a table that maps representative fuel months to calendar months for each representative county. The MFMREF file is an input to SMOKE.
9. MCXREF_2023NEI _30may2025_v0_onroad _representative_counties _2023NEI.png County cross reference file (MCXREF) is a table that shows every US county along with the representative county used as its surrogate. The MCXREF is an input to SMOKE. A map showing the county groups is also available.
10. The archive or_scripts_2023.zip includes the FF10 generation scripts: 1_CreateFF10database_20250929.sql, 2_PopulateFF10_fromMOVES5CDB _20250929.sql, 3_Loop_StartsFF10 _20250616.plx, 4_MOVES_Starts_rev_updated _20250611_GA.sql, 5_MOVES_Starts_rev_updated _20250611.sql FF10 generation scripts read CDB tables and produce SMOKE-formatted activity input files for use in SMOKE-MOVES. The SMOKE activity files include VMT, vehicle population, hoteling hours, and starts. Starts data has separate scripts (numbered 3 through 5) with different versions depending on whether the CDB has populated the startsPerDay optional tables (as in Georgia) or rely on the default MOVES method of starts generation (everywhere else).
11. The archive or_scripts_2023.zip contains the script and database: ReverseFF10_Script_20251008.plx, ‘tmas_2022_monthvmtfraction’ database The reverse FF10 script populates individual CDBs from SMOKE-formatted activity files. The database ‘tmas_2022_monthvmt’ fraction is included because the Reverse FF10 script uses this data to backfill the MonthVMTFraction table where a county doesn’t have any VMT for a given source type.
12. Folder with QA_Review_Products: streetlight_plots, emissions plots,_and_activity_plots, and summaries Plots, maps, and summaries for quality assurance and data visualization are available in several folders to assist interested parties in better understanding the data.
13. 2023_Documentation_of_CDB _Input_Data _20251013.xlsx Spreadsheet that shows how state-submitted and default data were merged together to prepare 2023 NEI.
14. 2023_Representative_Counties _Analysis _2020250530.xlsx Spreadsheet of representative county characteristics.
15. 2022-2023_StreetLight_Grouping _Decision_Charts.pdf Documentation showing process to group data behind the VMT distributions and speed distributions.
16. 2023nei onroad_hoteling_adjustments.xlsx Spreadsheet documenting computation of adjustment factors applied to hoteling hours where there were more hours assigned than the available truck stop parking spaces could support.
17. The archive 2023NEI_or_postprocessing _jars.zip includes the scripts: postprocess_aq_cb6_saprc_20250821.jar, postprocess_multipoll_20250821.jar, postprocess_invmode_cb6 _movesdb20241112_nonoxadj.jar, postprocess_invmode_roc _movesdb20241112_nonoxadj.jar MOVES lookup table post-processing scripts that can create emission factor tables for various chemical mechanisms and purposes (e.g., the NEI).
18. The archive or_scripts_2023.zip includes the script and meteorological data tables: UpdateMet_and_Fuels _20230926.plx, 2023nei_month_hour_for _nonroad Perl script that inserts met data into set of “all CDBs” intended for inventory mode. The representative CDBs do not use this data. The 2023 met data is listed in the MySQL database ‘2023nei_month_hour_for_nonroad’ and is the same ZoneMonthHour table used in nonroad. This script also replaces any existing fuel supply, formulations, and E85 usage fractions with MOVES5 defaults, with exception of Clark County, WA which uses the fuel properties from Multnomah County, OR.
19. The archive or_scripts_2023.zip includes the representative county seeding scripts: seedCDBs_20250918.py These items can be used to seed a set of representative CDBs so that they produce complete lookup tables. SeedingScript_ERG.sql is a MySQL script that turns 0 values into small values of 1e-15. The MySQL database ‘seed’ is required by the script. The python script seedCDBs.py is a wrapper to run the MySQL script “SeedingScript_ERG.sql” on a batch of CDBs. This script also updates the version of the CDB name to the current date (YYYYMMDD format). The CDB naming convention is ‘c01015y2023_YYYYMMDD’ for county 1015 calendar year 2023.
20. 2017NEI_California_onroad_HAP _augmentation_factors.csv Factors used to augment the California Air Resources Board submitted criteria pollutant data with HAPs.
21. The archive MOVES_Input_DBs.zip includes databases LEV/lev_XX_20250106 (where XX is the two-digit state ID) Databases used when running MOVES include LEV/* that represents where California LEV rules apply.
22. The archive MOVES_Input_DBs.zip includes the database movesdb20241112_nonoxadj.jar A copy of the public MOVES5 database that turns off humidity adjustments for rates runs. Instead, SMOKE applies these adjustments to NO, NO2, HONO, and NOx using gridded humidity.