3.2 Computing Nonroad emissions using MOVES
MOVES5, the latest public release of EPA’s MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES), estimates daily emissions for total hydrocarbons (THC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter 10 microns and less (PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as well as calculating fuel consumption. MOVES5 [ref 1] uses ratios from some of these emissions to calculate emissions for particulate matter 2.5 microns and less (PM2.5), methane, ammonia (NH3), four more aggregate hydrocarbon groups (NMHC, NMOG, TOG, and VOC), 16 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), 17 dioxin/furan congeners, 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and six metals. For a complete list of these pollutants, see Table 3.1. All the input and activity data required to run MOVES-Nonroad are contained within the MOVES default database, which is distributed with the model. However, EPA uses alternative equipment spatial allocations for the construction and agricultural sectors that differ from the publicly distributed default database tables. State- and county-specific data can be incorporated by creating a supplemental database known as a county database (CDB) and specifying it in the MOVES run specification (runspec). In this way, State, local and Tribal (S/L/T) agencies can update the data within their respective CDBs to produce emissions estimates that accurately reflect local conditions and equipment usage. MOVES first uses the data in the CDBs and fills in any missing data from the MOVES default database.
To develop the 2023 NEI nonroad emissions inventory, EPA ran MOVES5, the most current public version of MOVES available. The default database used for the NEI nonroad runs was movesdb20241112_nrupdates, which is a modified version of the default database (movesdb20241112) released with MOVES5. The ‘nrupdates’ version of the MOVES default database contains alternative nonroad equipment spatial allocations by replacement of the three tables nrBaseYearEquipPopulation, nrStateSurrogate, and nrSurrogate.
The national updates made to the MOVES5 default database are the same as those made previously to the MOVES default databases for the 2020 NEI, 2017 NEI, 2022 Emissions Modeling Platform, and the 2016 Emissions Modeling Platform. The updated tables allocate national populations of Agricultural and Construction equipment to the state and county levels, as described in the 2016v1 Platform Nonroad Mobile Emissions Specification Sheet [ref 2].
| Pollutant ID | Pollutant Name | Pollutant ID | Pollutant Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons | 82 | Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene particle |
| 2 | Carbon Monoxide (CO) | 83 | Phenanthrene particle |
| 3 | Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) | 84 | Pyrene particle |
| 5 | Methane (CH4) | 86 | Total Organic Gases |
| 20 | Benzene | 87 | Volatile Organic Compounds |
| 21 | Ethanol | 88 | NonHAPTOG |
| 23 | Naphthalene particle | 90 | Atmospheric CO2 |
| 24 | 1,3-Butadiene | 99 | Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) |
| 25 | Formaldehyde | 100 | Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total |
| 26 | Acetaldehyde | 110 | Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total |
| 27 | Acrolein | 130 | 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin |
| 30 | Ammonia (NH3) | 131 | Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
| 31 | Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) | 132 | 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin |
| 40 | 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane | 133 | Octachlorodibenzofuran |
| 41 | Ethyl Benzene | 134 | 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin |
| 42 | Hexane | 135 | 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin |
| 43 | Propionaldehyde | 136 | 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran |
| 44 | Styrene | 137 | 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran |
| 45 | Toluene | 138 | 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran |
| 46 | Xylene | 139 | 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran |
| 60 | Mercury Elemental Gaseous | 140 | 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran |
| 61 | Mercury Divalent Gaseous | 141 | 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin |
| 62 | Mercury Particulate | 142 | 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin |
| 63 | Arsenic Compounds | 143 | 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran |
| 65 | Chromium 6+ | 144 | 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran |
| 66 | Manganese Compounds | 145 | 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran |
| 67 | Nickel Compounds | 146 | 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzofuran |
| 68 | Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene particle | 168 | Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene gas |
| 69 | Fluoranthene particle | 169 | Fluoranthene gas |
| 70 | Acenaphthene particle | 170 | Acenaphthene gas |
| 71 | Acenaphthylene particle | 171 | Acenaphthylene gas |
| 72 | Anthracene particle | 172 | Anthracene gas |
| 73 | Benz(a)anthracene particle | 173 | Benz(a)anthracene gas |
| 74 | Benzo(a)pyrene particle | 174 | Benzo(a)pyrene gas |
| 75 | Benzo(b)fluoranthene particle | 175 | Benzo(b)fluoranthene gas |
| 76 | Benzo(g,h,i)perylene particle | 176 | Benzo(g,h,i)perylene gas |
| 77 | Benzo(k)fluoranthene particle | 177 | Benzo(k)fluoranthene gas |
| 78 | Chrysene particle | 178 | Chrysene gas |
| 79 | Non-Methane Hydrocarbons | 181 | Fluorene gas |
| 80 | Non-Methane Organic Gases | 182 | Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene gas |
| 81 | Fluorene particle | 183 | Phenanthrene gas |
| 184 | Pyrene gas | ||
| 185 | Naphthalene gas |